2014职称英语理工B模拟题(二)

专业职称英语题目及答案

2014职称英语理工B模拟题（二）

第一部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. A. moved B. touched C. surprised D. worried

2. A. stem B. rely C. develop D. grow

3. A. easy B. possible C. likely D. difficult

4. A. described B. offered C. outlined D. presented

5. A. barely B. scarcely C. hardly D. totally

6. I don t quite trust him.

A. however B. therefore C. despite D. afterwards

7. A. simple B. immature C. beautiful D. pretty

8. A. hard B. mental C. simple D. physical

9. A. gently B. shyly C. weakly D. wildly

10. A. likely B. possible C. clear D. probable

11. A. everyone B. someone C. nobody

D. anybody

专业职称英语题目及答案

12. The Constitution s nature has given it flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.

A. imprecise B. apparent C. clear D. easy

13. A. reasons B. excuses C. answers D. replies

14. A. no B. little C. scarce D. enormous

15. A. secrets

B. details C. benefits D. words.

第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如

果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

Mother Nature Shows Her Strength

Tornadoes（龙卷风）and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into

Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.

George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel

（漏斗状的）cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared.” Snyder said.

Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday.

In Trumbull County a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.

Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was

wrong，” she said. 'I saw the sky go green and pink（粉红色）. Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection."The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.

专业职称英语题目及答案

The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell

in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.

Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some

people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated（撤走）. The Red Cross served meals to them.

“This was a really intense storm,” said Snyder. “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be

fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.”

16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17 George Snyder was a firefighter.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

18 Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

19 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

22 Several people were missing during the storm.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) 

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Ceasing to Wear Ties

1 It s useless. It s dirty. It spreads disease. That s why the British Medical Association in the

专业职称英语题目及答案

UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties.

2 That leads to another question. Why does anyone wear a tie? Ties serve no purpose. They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm. They always seem to get covered in food stains. Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie. It lets everyone know what you just ate.

3 Ties have an odd history. Soldiers from Croatia, in Eastern Europe, served as mercenaries（雇佣军）in various conflicts in the 17th century. They were identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck. Known as cravats（围巾）, these became a popular fashion item in France and evertually evolved into the tie.

4 It s an interesting story, but it doesn't tell us why men want to put useless pieces of cloth or silk around their necks. The answer seems to be about identification（身份证明）.In the 19th-century Britain, ties were used by universities, military regiments（团）, sports clubs, schools and gentleman s clubs. Each tie was in a particular set of colors which identified the wearer as a member of that organization. Wearing ties was also the mark of Britain s most powerful classes. That made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect. And that led it to be adopted by a much larger class—the business class.

5 You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery. So wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used his brain to make a living, rather than his hands. It showed you were serious. It showed you were a professional. It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one. It was just impossible to take seriously a man who did not wear a piece of colored silk around his neck. This is how millions of people came to wear ties across the world.

6 Is there a future for ties? The signs are not promising. Many political leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties.

23 Paragraph 2____________

24 Paragraph 3____________

25 Paragraph 4 ____________

26 Paragraph 6____________

27 The British Medical Association suggested that____________.

28 Ties were first worn by the Croatian soldiers____________.

A Origin of the tie B British ties C Uselessness of the tie D Old-fashioned ties E Role of the tie F Signs of a tieless era

专业职称英语题目及答案

29 People wore different ties in Britain in the 19th century to show that____________.

30 British Prime Minister Tony Blair is a man____________. A they were workmen

B they were members of different organizations

C hospital doctors stop wearing ties D who does not always wear a tie

E who served as mercenaries in many conflicts in the 17th century

F who does not want to live like a king

第四部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据

短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇 Pessimism Increases Risk of Early Death

A 70-year study of personality suggests that pessimism（悲观主义）is a risk factor for early death, especially among men.

The study results also indicate that pessimism can be linked to increased risk for sudden death from accidents or violence, according to the report published in the March issue of Psychological Science.

Christopher Peterson of the University of Michigan and his colleagues analyzed data from the Terman Life-Cycle Study, which began by studying California public-school children with high IQs in 1921 and followed them through their life. Most of the 1528 children were preadolescents（少年）when the study began. Those still living are now in their 80s. In 1936 and 1940, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to obtain information about difficult life events and their effect on overall outlook. One such question was, “What do you regard as your most serious fault of personality or character?”

Pessimists were defined as fatalistic（宿命论的）people who tend to blame themselves when things go wrong and who believe that one bad event can ruin the rest of their life. They also tend to expect bad things to happen to them and feel that they have little or no ability to change their situation.

Males were more likely than females to be classified as pessimistic. Compared with individuals with a more cheerful and optimistic outlook, pessimists were more likely to die from

专业职称英语题目及答案

accidents and violence (including suicide).

A pessimistic personality may lead to poor problem-solving ability, social difficulties and risky decision-making. Taken together, these variables put the pessimist at higher risk of untimely （不适时的）death, say the researchers. Such a person is less likely to avoid or escape potentially dangerous situations, the researchers concluded. “A pessimistic way of thinking in which people worry too much about bad events, foreshadows（预示）untimely death decades later,” according to Peterson.

31 According to the passage, you may be a pessimistic person, if one failure makes you feel ________

A other people have been unfair to you.

B other people will help you.

C you cannot change a bad situation.

D you can do better next time.

32 According to the passage, pessimists may feel all of the following EXCEPT ________

A helpless when faced with difficulties.

B cheerful when faced with troubles.

C hopeless when one bad event occurs.

D guilty when things go wrong.

33 Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage? ________

A Pessimists believe that everything in life depends on fate.

B There are more pessimists among women than among men.

C Most pessimists will end up committing suicide.

D All pessimists will eventually die from accidents.

34 The Terman Life-Cycle Study is a research program that studies ________

A people over 70 years old.

B people since their childhood.

C pessimistic people over 80 years old.

D only younger people.

35 The analysis made by Christopher Peterson and his colleagues shows that pessimistic people ________

专业职称英语题目及答案

A will die from violence if they learn to be optimistic.

B will die soon if they are not able to learn to be cheerful and optimistic.

C will die from violence because their IQs are low.

D will more likely die from violence than optimistic people.

第二篇 A Sunshade for the Planet

Even with the best will in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent

global warming; It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.

Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worst, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves.

For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale "geoengineering" projects that might be used to counteract global warming. “I use the analogy of methadone ,” says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. “If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization, and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin.”

Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up

with a radical plan to cool Earth: launch trillions of feather-light discs into space, where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays. It s controvercial, hut recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century, and that would last for at least a century more.

专业职称英语题目及答案

36 According to the first two paragraphs, the author thinks that

A strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming.

B to reduce carbon emissions is an impossible mission.

C despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.

D actions suggested by scientists will never be realized.

37 Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people to

A know what they are doing. B feel their efforts are useless.

D see the real problem. C think the problem has been solved.

38 What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?

A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.

B Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict.

C Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict.

D Methadone and heroin are equally effective in treating a heroin addict.

39 What is Stephen Schneider s idea of preventing global warming?

A To ask governments to take stronger measures.

B To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth.

C To apply sunscreen to the Earth.

D To decrease greenhouse gases.

40 What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”, according to the last paragraph?

A It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming.

B It blocks the incident energy in the sun s rays.

C It is a controversial method.

D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

第三篇 The Family

The structure of a family takes different forms around the word and even in the same society. The family s form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family, consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from

专业职称英语题目及答案

outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America, the elderly often do not live with the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.

There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as North America, and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits, who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions, mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.

The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time, the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents, mother and father, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins. In North America today, there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced, separated, or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family, not just in North America, but throughout the world, continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.

41 Another good title for this passage would be________

A What Makes a Family? B The Life of the Inuits.

C Living with Hardship. D The Failure of the Nuclear Family.

42 A nuclear family is defined as________.

A a married couple with their minor children B a single father with minor children

C parents, grandparents, and children D parents, children, and aunts and uncles 43 The information in this passage would most likely be found in________.

A an anthropology textbook B a biology textbook

C a mathematics textbook D a geography textbook

44 The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through________.

A listing statistics B telling a story

C pointing out similarities D pointing out differences

45 The word mobility means________.

A money B readiness to move

C organization D skill

专业职称英语题目及答案

第五部分：补全短文 (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) 

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5

组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear

Most people think of Beethoven s hearing loss as an obstacle to composing music. However,

he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely deaf.

This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his

biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different view. ___46__.In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to create new forms and harmonies.

Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians who become deaf. They

continue to “hear” music with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being played.

__47___.He described a fascinating phenomenon that happened within three months: “my

former musical experiences began to play back to me.I couldn't differentiate between what I heard and real hearing. After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to hear music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods.”

How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and smell is both "out there" and at the same

time within us? There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant. ___48___.However, it might be possible to use the brain's remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces.

When Michael Edgar first “switched on” his cochlear implant, the sounds he heard were not at

all clear. Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday sounds. For example, “The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once.”

The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with others. When people spoke

to Eagar, he heard their voices “coming through like a long-distance telephone call on a poor connection.” But when it came to his beloved music, the implant was of no help.___49___.He said,“ play the piano as I used to and hear it in my head at the same time. The movement of my

专业职称英语题目及答案

fingers and the feel of the keys give added clarity to hearing in my head.”

Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is not perfect, but which can

change their lives.___50___. Even the most amazing cochlear implants would have been useless to Beethoven as he composed his Ninth Symphony at the end of his life.

A No man-made device could replace the ability to hear.

B When he wanted to appreciate music, Eagar played the piano.

C Still, as Michael Eagar discovered, when it comes to musical harmonies, hearing is irrelevant.

D Michael Eagar, who died in 2003,became deaf at the age of 21.

E Beethoven produced his most wonderful works after he became deaf.

F Solomon argues that Beethoven's deafness "heightened" his achievement as a composer.

第六部分：完形填空 (第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从

4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

An Intelligent Car

Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the

and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself ?

There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has “eyes,” “brains,” “hands” and

“feet,”“eyes,” which observe the road

conditions ahead of it. They watch the （53）to the car s left and right. There is also a highly

（54）driving system in the car. It is the build-in computer, which is the virtual driver s “brain,” His “brain” calculates the speeds of moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.

Basing on this information, it chooses the right for the intelligent car, and gives

（57）to the “hands” and “feet” to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.

What is the virtual driver s best advantage? He reacts . The minicameras are

images continuously to the “brain.” It However, the world s best driver

专业职称英语题目及答案

action, he needs one more second.

The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident considerably on

expressways. In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts

（64）that we cannot do that just yet, His ability to recognize things is still （65）. He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.

51 A. these B. them C. this D. that

52 A. within

53 A. police

54 A. mechanical

55 A. another

56 A. line

57 A. space

58 A. quickly

59 A. bringing

60 A. selects

61 A. at least

62 A. So

63 A. count

64 A. warn

65 A. unknown

B. above B. traffic B. movable B. other B. lane B. locations B. cleverly B. taking B. completes B. at most B. However B. amount B. suggest B. few C. to C. trucks C. automatic C. each other C. track C. instructions C. virtually C. sending C. uses C. at last C. Besides C. digit C. invite C. untested D. on D. buses D. electronic D. one another D. path D. time D. safely D. carrying D. tests D. at best D. Therefore D. rate D. check D. limited

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