建筑行业术语英语词汇

□建筑行业术语英语词汇

1. ARCHITECTURE 建筑专业 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段 c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟

h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件

I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 【Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】

【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】

【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】 【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】 【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】 【Timber 木材】

【Metallic Materials 金属材料】 【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】

【Anti-Corrosion Materials防腐蚀材料】 【Building Hardware 建筑五金】 【Paint 油漆】

k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语

【Discipline 专业】

【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】 【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】

【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】 【Drafting 制图】 2. STRUCTURE 结构专业 a. LOAD 荷载

b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础

c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构 d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构

e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC 抗震设计 f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN设计常用词汇

g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇

1. ARCHITECTURE 建筑专业 a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据

计划建议书 planning proposals 设计任务书 design order

标准规范standards and codes

条件图 information drawing

设计基础资料 basic data for design 工艺流程图 process flowchart

工程地质资料engineering geological data

原始资料 original data

设计进度 schedule of design b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案 scheme, draft 草图 sketch

会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判 negotiation

可行性研究 feasibility study 初步设计 preliminary design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design

询价图 enquiry drawing

施工图 working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图 as built drawing c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件

日照 sunshine 风玫瑰 wind rose

主导风向 prevailing wind direction

最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载 wind load

最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning 飓风 hurricane 台风 typhoon

旋风 cyclone

降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量 annual rainfall

湿球温度 wet bulb temperature 干球温度 dry bulb temperature 冰冻期 frost period

冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone

室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区 region with heating provision 不采暖地区region without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure 相对湿度 relative humidity

d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称

办公室 office

服务用房 service room 换班室 shift room

休息室 rest room (break room) 起居室 living room

浴室 bathroom 淋浴间 shower 更衣室 locker room 厕所 lavatory 门厅 lobby 诊室 clinic 工作间 workshop 电气开关室 switchroom 走廊 corridor

档案室 archive

电梯机房 lift motor room 车库 garage

清洁间 cleaning room

会议室(正式) conference room 会议室 meeting room 衣柜间 ward robe

暖风间 H.V.A.C room 饭店 restaurant

餐厅 canteen, dining room 厨房 kitchen

入口 entrance

接待处 reception area 会计室 accountant room 秘书室 secretary room 电气室 electrical room 控制室 control room 工长室 foreman office 开关柜室 switch gear 前室 antecabinet (Ante.) 生产区 production area 马达控制中心 Mcc 多功能用房 utility room 化验室 laboratory room 经理室 manager room 披 屋(阁楼) penthouse 警卫室 guard house

e. ROOFING AND CEILING屋面及天棚 女儿墙 parapet

雨蓬 canopy

屋脊 roof ridge 坡度 slope 坡跨比 pitch

分水线 water-shed

二毡三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt 檐口 eave

挑檐 overhanging eave 檐沟 eave gutter 平屋面 flat roof 坡屋面 pitched roof

雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P) 汇水面积 catchment area 泛水 flashing

内排水 interior drainage 外排水 exterior drainage 滴水 drip

屋面排水 roof drainage 找平层 leveling course 卷材屋面 built-up roofing

天棚 ceiling 檩条 purlin

屋面板 roofing board 天花板 ceiling board

防水层 water-proof course 检查孔 inspection hole

人孔 manhole

吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板(窗帘盒) cornice

f. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) 砖墙 brick wall 砌块墙 block wall

清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙 rendered wall

石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙 hollow brick wall 承重墙 bearing wall 非承重墙 non-bearing wall 纵墙 longitudinal wall 横墙 transverse wall

外墙 external (exterior) wall 内墙 internal (interior) wall

填充墙 filler wall

防火墙 fire wall

窗间墙 wall between window 空心墙 cavity wall 压顶 coping

圈梁 gird, girt, girth 玻璃隔断 glazed wall

防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C) 遮阳板 sunshade 阳台 balcony

伸缩缝 expansion joint 沉降缝 settlement joint 抗震缝 seismic joint

复合夹心板 sandwich board 压型单板 corrugated single steel plate 外墙板 cladding panel 复合板 composite panel

轻质隔断 light-weight partition 牛腿 bracket 砖烟囱 brick chimney 勒脚(基座) plinth

g. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟 地坪 grade

地面和楼面 ground and floor 素土夯实 rammed earth 炉渣夯实 tamped cinder 填土 filled earth

回填土夯实 tamped backfill 垫层 bedding course, blinding 面层 covering, finish

结合层 bonding (binding) course

找平层 leveling course

素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course 混凝土地面 concrete floor 水泥地面 cement floor

机器磨平混凝土地面 machine trowelled concrete floor 水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring 马赛克地面 mosaic flooring 瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring 油地毡地面 linoleum flooring

预制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring 硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅 joist

硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring

企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring 防酸地面 acid-resistant floor

钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab) 乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring

水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo 地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope 集水沟 gully 集水口 gulley 排水沟 drainage trench 沟盖板 trench cover

活动盖板 removable cover plate 集水坑 sump pit 孔翻边 hole up stand 电缆沟 cable trench

h. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件 木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door 镶板门 panelled door 夹板门 plywood door

铝合金门 aluminum alloy door

卷帘门 roller shutter door 弹簧门 swing door 推拉门 sliding door 平开门 side-hung door

折叠门 folding door 旋转门 revolving door 玻璃门 glazed door 密闭门 air-Tight door

保温门 thermal insulating door

镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door 防火门 fire door (大门上的)小门 wicket 门框 door frame 门扇 door leaf 门洞 door opening

结构开洞 structural opening 单扇门 single door 双扇门 double door 疏散门 emergency door 纱门 screen door 门槛 door sill 门过梁 door lintel 上冒头 top rail

下冒头 bottom rail

门边木 stile

门樘侧料 side jumb 槽口 notch

木窗 wooden window

钢窗 steel window

铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window

百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑钢窗 plastic steel window 空腹钢窗 hollow steel window 固定窗 fixed window 平开窗 side-hung window 推拉窗 sliding window 气窗 transom

上悬窗 top-hung window

中悬窗 center-pivoted window 下悬窗 hopper window

活动百叶窗 adjustable louver 天窗 skylight

老虎窗 dormer window

密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing

钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel 钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel 窗扇 casement sash 窗台 window sill

窗台板 window board 窗中梃 mullion 窗横木 mutin 窗边木 stile

压缝条 cover mould 窗帘盒 curtain box

合页(铰链) hinge (butts) 转轴 pivot

长脚铰链 parliament hinge 闭门器 door closer 地弹簧 floor closer 插销 bolt 门锁 door lock 拉手 pull 链条 chain

门钩 door hanger 碰球 ball latch 窗钩 window catch 暗插销 insert bolt

电动开关器 electric opener

平板玻璃 plate glass 夹丝玻璃 wire glass 透明玻璃 clear glass

毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)

防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass 石英玻璃 quartz glass 吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass 磨光玻璃 polished glass 着色玻璃 pigmented glass 玻璃瓦 glass tile 玻璃砖 glass block

有机玻璃 organic glass

I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯 楼梯 stair

楼梯间 staircase

疏散梯 emergency stair

旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair) 吊车梯 crane ladder 直爬梯 vertical ladder

踏步 step

扇形踏步 winder (wheel step) 踏步板 tread 档步板 riser

踏步宽度 tread width

防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)

栏杆 railing (balustrade) 平台栏杆 platform railing

吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole 扶手 handrail

梯段高度 height of flight

防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage) 平台 landing (platform)

操作平台 operating platform

装卸平台platform for loading & unloading 楼梯平台 stair landing 客梯 passenger lift 货梯 goods lift

客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift 液压电梯 hydraulic lift 自动扶梯 escalator

观光电梯 observation elevator 电梯机房 lift mortar room

电梯坑 lift pit 电梯井道 lift shaft

j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 Bricks and Tiles砖和瓦 红砖 red brick 粘土砖 clay brick

瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile) 防火砖 fire brick 空心砖 hollow brick 面砖 facing brick 地板砖 flooring tile 缸砖 clinkery brick 马赛克 mosaic

陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete 琉璃瓦 glazed tile

脊瓦 ridge tile

石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)

波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石 石膏 gypsum

大理石 marble

汉白玉 white marble 花岗岩 granite 碎石 crushed stone

毛石 rubble

蛭石 vermiculite 珍珠岩 pearlite 水磨石 terrazzo 卵石 cobble 砾石 gravel

粗砂 course sand 中砂 medium sand 细砂 fine sand

Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土 波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥)Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement 火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement 白水泥 white cement 水泥砂浆 cement mortar 石灰砂浆 lime mortar

水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar 保温砂浆 thermal mortar 防水砂浆 water-proof mortar

耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar

耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar 沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar

纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar 麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar

灰缝 mortar joint

素混凝土 plain concrete 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete 细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete 泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete

炉渣混凝土 cinder concrete

Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料 水刷石 granitic plaster 斩假石 artificial stone 刷浆 lime wash 可赛银 casein

大白浆 white wash

麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base

喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash

分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned 板条抹灰 lath and plaster

Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉 沥青卷材 asphalt felt

沥青填料 asphalt filler 沥青胶泥 asphalt grout

冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer 沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic 沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum 石棉板 asbestos sheet 石棉纤维 asbestos fiber Timber 木材 裂缝 crack 透裂 split 环裂 shake 干缩 shrinkage 翘曲 warping 原木 log

圆木 round timber 方木 square timber 板材 plank 木条 batten 板条 lath

木板 board

红松 red pine 白松 white pine

落叶松 deciduous pine 云杉 spruce

柏木 cypress

白杨 white poplar 桦木 birch 冷杉 fir 栎木 oak 榴木 willow 榆木 elm 杉木 cedar 柚木 teak

樟木 camphor wood

防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板 plywood

三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood

企口板 tongued and grooved board 层夹板 laminated plank

胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber

纤维板 fiber-board 竹子 bamboo

Metallic Materials 金属材料 黑色金属 ferrous metal

圆钢 steelbBar 方钢 square steel 扁钢 steel atrap

型钢 steel section (shape) 槽钢 channel

角钢 angle steel

等边角钢 equal-leg angle 不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle 工字钢 I-beam

宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam 丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)

冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧 hot-rolled 冷轧 cold-rolled 冷拉 cold-drawn 冷压 cold-pressed 合金钢 alloy steel 钛合金 titanium alloy 不锈钢 stainless steel

竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar

变形钢筋 deformed bar 光圆钢筋 plain round bar 钢板 steel plate

薄钢板 thin steel plate

低碳钢 low carbon steel 冷弯 cold bending

钢管 steel pipe (tube)

无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 黑铁管 iron pipe

镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 铸铁 cast iron 生铁 pig iron

熟铁 wrought iron

镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire 钢丝网 steel wire mesh

多孔金属网 expanded metal

锰钢 managanese steel

高强度合金钢 high strength alloy steel

Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属 金 gold

白金 platinum 铜 copper

黄铜 brass 青铜 bronze 银 silver 铝 aluminum 铅 lead

Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料 聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene 尼龙 nylon

聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate 聚苯乙烯 polystyrene 丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin 乙烯基酯 vinyl ester 橡胶内衬 rubber lining 氯丁橡胶 neoprene 沥青漆 bitumen paint 环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint 氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer 防锈漆 anti-rust paint

耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint

耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint 水玻璃 sodium silicate

树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar 环氧树脂 epoxy resin

Building Hardware 建筑五金 钉子 nails

螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail

环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail 螺丝 screws

平头螺丝 flat-head screw 螺栓 bolt

普通螺栓 commercial bolt 高强螺栓 high strength bolt 预埋螺栓 insert bolt 胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt 垫片 washer Paint 油漆 底漆 primer

防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer 防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint 调和漆 无光漆 透明漆 银粉漆

mixed paint flat paint varnish

aluminum paint

磁漆 enamel paint 干性油 drying oil 稀释剂 thinner 焦油 tar

沥青漆 asphalt paint

桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil 红丹 red lead 铅油 lead oil 腻子 putty

k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语 Discipline 专业 建筑 architecture

土木 civil

给排水 water supply and drainage

总图 plot plan 采暖通风 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning) 电力供应 electric power supply 电气照明 electric lighting 电讯 telecommunication

仪表 instrument

热力供应 heat power supply 动力 mechanical power 工艺 process technology 管道 piping

Conventional Terms 一般通用名词 建筑原理 architectonics 建筑形式 architectural style 民用建筑 civil architecture 城市建筑 urban architecture 农村建筑 rural architecture 农业建筑 farm building 工业建筑 industrial building 重工业的 heavy industrial 轻工业的 light industrial

古代建筑 ancient architecture 现代建筑 modern architecture

标准化建筑 standardized buildings 附属建筑 auxiliary buildings 城市规划 city planning 厂区内 within site

厂区外 offsite 封闭式 closed type 开敞式 open type

半开敞式 semi-open type

模数制 modular system 单位造价 unit cost

概算 preliminary estimate 承包商 constructor, contractor 现场 site

扩建 extension 改建 reconstruction 防火 fire-prevention

防震 aseismatic, quake-proof 防腐 anti-corrosion 防潮 dump-proof 防水 water-proof 防尘 dust-proof 防锈 rust-proof

车流量 traffic volume

货流量 freight traffic volume 人流量 pedestrian volume 透视图 perspective drawing 建筑模型 building model

Architectural Physics 建筑物理

照明 illumination

照度 degree of illumination 亮度 brightness 日照 sunshine

天然采光 natural lighting 光强 light intensity 侧光 side light 顶光 top light 眩光 glaze 方位角 azimuth 辐射 radiation 对流 convection 传导 conduction 遮阳 sun-shade

保温 thermal insulation 恒温 constant temperature 恒湿 constant humidity 噪音 noise

隔音 sound-proof

吸音 sound absorption

露点 dew point 隔汽 vapor-proof

Name Of Professional role 职务名称 项目经理 project manager (PM) 设计经理 design manager

首席建筑师 principal architect 总工程师 chief engineer 土木工程师 civil engineer 工艺工程师 process engineer 电气工程师 electrical engineer 机械工程师 mechanical engineer 计划工程师 planning engineer 助理工程师 assistant engineer 实习生 probationer 专家 specialist, expert 制图员 draftsman 技术员 technician Drafting 制图

总说明 general specification 工程说明 project specification

采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted 图纸目录 list of drawings 平面图 plan

局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale

．．．平面示意图 schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图 sectional plan of... 留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes 剖面 section

纵剖面 longitudinal section

横剖面 cross (transverse) section 立面 elevation

正立面 front elevation 透视图 perspective drawing 侧立面 side elevation 背立面 back elevation 详图 detail drawings 典型节点 typical detail 节点号 detail No. 首页 front page

图纸目录及说明list of contents and description 图例 legend 示意图 diagram 草图 sketch

荷载简图 load diagram

流程示意图 flow diagram 标准图 standard drawing ．．．布置图 layout of ... 地形图 topographical map

土方工程图 earth-work drawing 展开图 developed drawing 模板图 formwork drawing

配筋 arrangement of reinforcement 表格 tables

工程进度表 working schedule

技术经济指标technical and economical index 建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures 编号 coding

序列号 serial No.

行和栏 rows and columns 备注 remarks 等级 grade

直线 straight Line 曲线 curves

曲折线 zigzag line 虚线 dotted line 实线 solid line 影线 hatching line

点划线 dot and dash line

轴线 axis

等高线 contour Line 中心线 center Line 双曲线 hyperbola

抛物线 parabola 切线 tangent Line 尺寸线 dimension Line 园形 round 环形 annular 方形 square 矩形 rectangle

平行四边形 parallelogram 三角形 triangle 五角形 pentagon 六角形 hexagon 八角形 octagon 梯形 trapezoid 圆圈 circle 弓形 sagment 扇形 sector

球形的 spherical 抛物面 paraboloid 圆锥形 cone

椭圆形 ellipse, oblong

面积 area 体积 volume 容量 capacity 重量 weight 质量 mass 力 force 米 meter 厘米 centimeter 毫米 millimeter

公顷 hectate

牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter 千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 英尺 foot 英寸 inch 磅 pound 吨 ton

加仑 gallon 千磅 kip

平均尺寸 average dimension

变尺寸 variable dimension

外形尺寸 overall dimension 展开尺寸 developed dimension 内径 inside diameter 外径 outside diameter

净重 net weight 毛重 gross weight 数量 quantity

百分比 percentage 净空 clearance 净高 headroom 净距 clear distance

净跨 clear span

截面尺寸 sectional dimension 开间 bay 进深 depth 单跨 single span 双跨 double span 多跨 multi-span

标高 elevation, level

绝对标高 absolute elevation

设计标高 designed elevation 室外地面标高 ground elevation 室内地面标高 floor elevation 柱网 column grid

坐标 coordinate 厂区占地 site area 使用面积 usable area 辅助面积 service area 通道面积 passage area 管架 pipe rack

管廊 pipeline gallery 架空管线 overhead pipeline 排水沟 drain ditch 集水坑 sump pit 喷泉 fountain 地漏 floor drain 消火栓 fire hydrant 灭火器 fire extinguisher

二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher 卤代烷灭火器 halon extinguisher

2. STRUCTURE 结构专业 a. Load 荷载

拔力 pulling force

标准值 standard value 残余应力 residual stress

冲击荷载 impact load, punch load 残余变形 residual deflection

承压 bearing

承载能力 bearing capacity 承重 bearing, load bearing 承重结构 bearing structure 脆性材料 brittle material 脆性破坏 brittle failure

抵抗力 resisting power, resistance 吊车荷载 crane load

分布荷载 distributed load 风荷载 wind load

风速 wind velocity, wind speed 风压 wind pressure 风振 wind vibration 浮力 buoyance, floatage

符号 symbol, mark

负弯矩 negative moment, hogging moment

附加荷载 additional load 附加应力 additional stress 副作用 side effect, by-effect 刚度 rigidity

刚度比 ratio of rigidity 刚度系数 rigidity factor 刚接 rigid connection 刚性节点 rigid joint 恒载 dead load

荷载传递 transmission of load 固端弯矩 fixed-end moment 活荷载 live load 积灰荷载 dust load 集中荷载 concentrated load 加载, 加荷 loading 剪力 shear, shearing force 剪切破坏 shear failure 剪应变 shear strain 剪应力 shear stress 简支 simple support

静定结构 statically determinate structure

截面模量 modulus of section,section modulus 静力 static force

静力分析 static analysis

局部压力 local pressure, partial pressure 局部压屈 local bulkling 绝对值 absolute value

均布荷载 uniformly distributed load

抗拔力 pulling resistance 抗剪刚度 shear rigidity

抗剪强度 shear strength, shearing strength 抗拉强度 tensile strength 抗扭 torsion resistance 抗扭刚度 torsional rigidity 抗弯 bending resistance

抗弯刚度 bending rigidity

抗压强度 compressive strength,compression strength 可靠性 reliability

可靠性设计 reliability design 拉力 tensile force

拉应力 tensile stress, tension stress 拉应变 tensile strain, tension strain 临界点 critical point 临界荷载 critical load

临界应力 critical stress 密度 density

离心力 centrifugal force 摩擦力 friction force

摩擦系数 frictional factor 挠度 deflection

内力 internal force, inner force

扭矩 moment of torsion, torsional moment 疲劳强度 fatigue strength

偏心荷载 eccentric load, non-central load 偏心距 eccentric distance, eccentricity 偏心受拉 eccentric tension

偏心受压 eccentric compression 屈服强度 yield strength 使用荷载 working load 水平力 horizontal force

水平推力 horizontal thrust

弹塑性变形 elastoplastic deformation 弹性 elasticity, resilience, spring 塑限 plastic limit

弹性变形 elastic deformation 塑性变形 plastic deformation

弹性模量 modulus of elastic, elastic modulus

体积 volume, bulk, cubature, cubage

土压力 earth pressure, soil pressure 弯矩 bending moment, moment

弯曲半径 radius at bent, radius of curve 位移 displacement

温度应力 temperature stress 温度作用 temperature action 系数 coefficient, factor 雪荷载 snow load 压应变 compression strain 压应力 compression stress 应力集中 concentration of stress 预应力 prestressing force, prestress 振动荷载 vibrating load, racking load 支座反力 support reaction 自重 own weight

作用 action, effect

作用点 point of application,application joint

b. Ground Base and Foundation 地基及基础 板桩 sheet pile, sheeting pile

板桩基础 sheet pile foundation 饱和粘土 saturation clay

冰冻线 frost line, freezing level

不均匀沉降 unequal settlement, differential settlement

残积土 residual soil

沉积物 deposit, sediment 沉降 settlement

沉降差 difference in settlement 沉降缝 settlement joint 沉井 sinking well, sunk well 沉箱 caisson

持力层 bearing stratum 冲积 alluviation

锤夯 hammer tamping

档土墙 retaining wall, breast wall 底板 base slab, base plate, bed plate 地板 floor board

地基 ground base, ground

地基承载力 ground bearing capacity

地基处理 ground treatment, soil treatment 地基稳定 base stabilization 地梁 ground beam, ground sill 地漏 floor drain

地下工程 substructure work,understructure work

地下室 basement, cellar 地下水 ground water

地下水位 groundwater level, water table 地下水压力 ground water pressure

地质报告 geologic report 垫层 bedding, blinding

独立基础isolated foundation, individual foundation 端承桩 end-bearing pile 筏式基础 raft foundation 粉砂 silt, rock flour 粉质粘土 silty clay

粉质土 silty soil

扶壁式档土墙 buttressed retaining wall 腐蚀 corrosion

覆土 earth covering 刚性基础 rigid foundation 沟盖板 trench cover 固结 consolidation

灌注桩 cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile 护坡 slope protection, revetment 护桩 环墙 灰土 回填

guard pile ring wall lime earth

backfill, backfilling

回填土 backfill, backfill soil 混凝土找平层 concrete screed 火山灰水泥 trass cement 基槽 foundation trench 基础 foundation, base

基础底板 foundation slab

基础埋深 embedded depth of foundation 基础平面图 foundation plan

地基勘探 site exploration, site investigation 基坑 foundation pit 集水坑 collecting sump 阶形基础 stepped foundation 结合层 binding course, bonding course 井点 well point

井点排水 well point unwatering 开挖 excavation, cutting 勘测 exploration and survey 勘测资料 exploration data 沥青 bitumen, asphalt, pitch

联合基础 combined foundation

卵石 cobble, pebble 埋置 embedment

毛石基础 rubble foundation 锚筋 anchor bar

锚桩 anchor pile

密实度 compactness, density, denseness 摩擦桩 friction pile, floating pile 粘土 clay 粘质粉土 clay silt

碾压 roller compaction, rolling 排水 drainage, dewatering 排水沟 drainage ditch

排水孔 weep hole, drain hole

排水设备 dewatering equipment

普通硅酸盐水泥 ordinary Portland cement 群桩 grouped piles

容许沉降 permissible settlement 容许承载力 allowable bearing

软土 soft soil

砂垫层 sand bedding course, sand cushion

砂土 sandy soil, sands 砂质粉土 sandy silt

设备基础 equipment foundation 水泥搅拌桩 cement injection

素土夯实 rammed earth, packed soil 碎石桩 stone columns

弹性地基 elastic foundation

弹性地基梁 beam on elastic foundation 填方 fill, filling

填土 earth-fill, earth filling, filling 条形基础 strip foundation 土方工程 earthwork

挖方 excavation work, excavation 箱形基础 box foundation 压实 compaction, compacting 压实系数 compacting factor 验槽 check of foundation subsoil 预制混凝土桩 precast concrete pile 中砂 medium sand

重力式档土墙 gravity retaining wall 桩承台 pile cap 钻孔桩 bored pile

钻探 exploration drilling, drilling,

最终沉降 final settlement

c.Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构 板缝 slab joint

板厚 thickness of slab

板式楼梯 cranked slab stairs 板跨度 span of slab

薄壁结构 thin-walled structure 薄腹梁 thin wedded girder 保护层 protective coating 臂式吊车 boom crane, boom hoist 边梁 edge beam, boundary beam 变截面 variable cross-section 变形缝 movement joint 变形钢筋 deformed bar 初凝 initial setting, pre-setting 次梁 secondary beam

大型屋面板 precast ribbed roof slab 单层厂房 one-storied factory

单筋梁 beam with single reinforcement 单跨 single span 单向板 one-way slab

垫块 cushion block 垫梁 template beam

吊车梁 crane beam, crane girder 顶棚抹灰 ceiling plastering

端跨 end span, tail bay

多跨连续梁 multi-span beam 翻边 upstand

反梁 upstand beam

分布钢筋 distribution-bar 封闭式箍筋 closed stirrup 附加钢筋 additional bar 刚架 rigid frame, stiff frame

钢筋 reinforcement, steel bar, bar 钢筋表 Bar Schedules

钢筋笼 steel reinforcement cage 钢筋间距 spacing of bars, bar spacing

钢筋网 bar-mat reinforcement, mesh reinforcement 钢筋砖 reinforced brick 勾缝 joint pointing 构架 frame, gallows

构件 member, structural member 构造 construction

构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement

构造柱 onstructional column, tie column

构筑物 structure

箍筋 hoop reinforcement, hooping 箍筋间距 stirrup spacing

固定端 fixed end, retained end

固端梁 fixed-end beam, fixed beam 过梁 lintel, breast summer 混凝土强度等级 grade of concrete 机制砖 machine-made brick 剪力墙 shear wall

简支梁 simply supported beam 经济跨度 economic span

经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement 劲性钢筋 stiff reinforcement

劲性钢筋混凝土结构 steel composite construction 径向钢筋 radial reinforcement 抗剪钢筋 shear reinforcement 抗拉钢筋 tension reinforcement

受压钢筋 compression reinforcement 可见裂缝 visible crack

刻痕钢丝 indented steel wire

坑 pit, hollow, delve

空斗墙 rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall 空心板 hollow slab

空心砖隔墙 hollow tile partition

跨度 span 框架 frame

框架剪力墙结构 frame-shear wall structure 拉接钢筋 tie bar 栏杆 railing, banister 栏杆立柱 railing post 老化 aging

累积误差 accumulated error 肋形楼板 ribbed floor slab

冷拔低碳钢丝 cold-drawn low-carbon wire 冷脆性 cold shortness, cooling brittleness 冷弯 cold bending 冷轧 cold rolling 离析 segregation

梁垫 beam pad, template, pad 梁挠度 beam deflection

楼梯斜梁 string, stringer

螺旋楼梯 spiral stair, winding staircase 马鞍形壳 saddle shell

锚固 anchoring

门框, 门樘 door frame 门式刚架 portal frame

面砖, 墙面砖 facing tile, wall tile 耐火混凝土 fire-resisting concrete

排架 bent, bent frame

女儿墙 parapet wall, parapet 配筋率 reinforcement ratio 配箍率 stirrup ratio 砌块 block

圈梁 ring beam, tie beam, bond beam 山墙 gable

深梁 deep beam

伸缩缝 expansion joint 实腹梁 solid web girder 实腹柱 solid web column 竖向钢筋 vertical reinforcement 双向配筋 two-way reinforcement 素混凝土 plain concrete

筒中筒结构 tube-in-tube structure 网状钢筋 steel mesh reinforcement

围堰 cofferdam, coffer

无梁楼盖 flat slab, flat plate系梁 tie beam

预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力构件 prestressed component

预制 prefabrication 预制板 precast slab

预制构件 prefabrication component

预制装配式结构 prefabricated construction 折板 folded plate, folded slab 折板结构 folded-plate structure 主筋 main reinforcement, main bar 主梁 main beam, girder

柱距 column spacing, post spacing 装配式结构 fabricated structure 纵梁 longitudinal beam 纵剖面 longitudinal section

纵向钢筋 longitudinal bar

d. Steel Structure 钢结构

薄壁型钢 light-gauge steel section, hollow steel section 不等肢角钢 unequal angle steel 槽钢 channel, channel steel

背对背角钢组合 angles back to back

不锈钢 stainless steel

除锈 rust-removal

粗制螺栓 rough bolt, black bolt 带钢 strip steel, band iron

单面焊 single weld, one-side welding

地脚螺栓 foundation bolt, anchor bolt,holding down bolt 点焊 spot welding, point welding 电动葫芦 electric hoist

等边角钢 equal angle, equal leg angle 对接焊, 对焊 butt welding 腹板 web plate, web 腹杆 web member 腹板加劲件 web stiffener 杆 rod, bar

钢板 steel plate

钢管 steel tube, steel pipe 钢桁架 steel truss 钢框架 steel frame 钢梯, 爬梯 steel ladder 高强度螺栓 high strength bolt 格构柱 lattice column

工字梁 I-girder, I-beam 工字钢 I-steel

工字形截面 I-shaped cross-section 焊缝 welding seam

焊接 welding

焊接长度 weld length 焊条 welding rod 桁架 truss

红丹底漆 red lead primer 红丹漆 red lead paint

加劲肋 stiffening rib, rib stiffener 加劲板 stiffening plate 角钢 angle steel

节点 joint, node

节点板 gusset plate, gusset 节点位移 joint displacement 节间长度 panel length

紧固螺栓 clamp bolt, fastening bolt 精制螺栓 turned bolt 可焊性 weldability

空腹桁架 open-web truss 空间桁架 space truss

肋板 ribbed panel, ribbed slab

连接板 connecting plate, joint plate

檩条 purline

螺母 screw nut, nut 螺栓 bolt

螺栓孔 bolt hole

螺纹 screw thread, thread 螺纹长度 length of thread

螺纹钢 screw-threaded steel, twisted steel 拉杆 tie rod, tension rod 满焊 full weld 铆钉 rivet

锰钢 manganese steel

喷砂 sand blasting

轻钢结构 lightweight steel construction 三角架 tripod

上弦 top chord, upper chord

上弦横向水平支撑 upper lateral bracing

上弦纵向水平支撑upper longitudinal bracing 平面桁架 plane truss

实腹刚架 solid web rigid frame 塔架 pylon bent

特种钢 special steel 调和漆 mixed paint

贴角焊 fillet weld, fillet welding 托架 bracket

网架结构 grid structure 屋架 roof truss, principal 无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe 系杆 tie rod, tie bar, tie

下弦 bottom chord, lower chord

下弦横向水平支撑 bottom lateral bracing 斜撑 diagonal brace, diagonal bracing 型钢 section steel, shaped steel

悬索 suspended cable, suspension cable 压力焊 pressure welding

仰焊 overhead welding, inverted welding 翼缘 flange

翼缘板 flange plate, cover plate 轧制型钢 rolled steel section 支撑 bracing, strutting 铸铁管 cast iron pipe

组合槽钢 built-up channel

组合截面built-up section,compound section 自动焊接 automatic welding

e. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计 鞭梢效应 whipping effect 场地类别 site classification 场地土 site soil

单自由度体系single-degree of freedom system 底部剪力法 equivalent base shear method 地震 earthquake, seism

地震烈度 earthquake intensity, seismic intensity 地震烈度区划图 map of seismic intensity zoning 地震影响系数 seismic influence coefficient 地震作用 earthquake action

多自由度体系 multi-degree of freedom system 反应谱 response spectrum 抗震 earthquake resistance

抗震缝 seismic joint, aseismic joint 抗震构造 aseismic construction 抗震设防 earthquake fortification 抗震设计 seismic design 共振 resonance

基本周期 foundamental period

里氏震级 Richter magnitude 烈度 intensity

设计近震 design near earthquake 设计远震 design far earthquake

时程分析法 time history method 液化 liquefaction

振型 vibration mode

振型分解法 modal analysis method 震源 earthquake focus 震中 earthquake epicenter 自由度 degree of freedom

自振周期 natural period of vibration f. General Words for Design 设计常用词汇 安装 installation, erection 报价 offer, quoted price 报价单 quotation

壁柱 pilaster, mural column

变更 alteration, variation, modification 变形 deformation 标高 elevation, level 标准 standard, criterion 标准大样 standard detail 标准图 standard drawing

补充规定 additional regulations

补充说明 additional remarks

补充条件 supplementary conditions 不对称 asymmetry

布置 arrangement, layout

布置图 layout plan, layout 材料 material

材料表 bill of materials

材料强度 strength of materials 参见详图 referring to detail drawing 参考点 reference point 参数 parameter

操作平台 operating platform 草图 sketch, draft, rough drawing 侧向刚度 lateral rigidity 侧向稳定 lateral stability

侧向约束 lateral restraint

侧向支撑 lateral bracing, side bracing 拆除 demolition, removal

长细比 slenderness ratio

厂房 factory building, mill building 超静定 statical indetermination 承包 contract 承包商 contractor

等效截面 equivalent section 底标高 bottom elevation

电梯 lift, elevator, electric lift

电梯井 elevator hoistway, lift well, lift shaft 电梯机房 elevator machine room 方案 scheme, plan, programme

方案设计 schematic plan 方案图 schematic drawing

防爆 explosion protection,explosion-proofing 防潮层 damp-proof course

防冻 freezing prevention, frost protection 防冻剂 antifreeze compound 防腐 preservation

防腐剂 preservative, preservative agent 防滑 slip-resistance

防滑处理 deslicking treatment 防滑条 non-slip insert

防火 fire prevention, fire proofing 防火材料 fireproof material 防火分区 fire compartment

防水 waterproofing

防水材料 waterproof material 防水砂浆 waterproof mortar 防酸 acid proofing 方形 square

防锈 rust prevention 防锈剂 anti-rust agent

防振 vibration protection

分配系数 distribution coefficient 风化 weathering, efflorescence 风向 wind direction 附图 attached drawing 附注 note, annotation

高层建筑 high-rise building 高差 difference in elevation 高跨比 ratio of rise to span 高宽比 depth-width ratio 高耸结构 high-rise structure 隔断 partition, divider 工程 project, engineering 工程量 quantities

工程量表 工业厂房 工业建筑 公称直径

bill of quantities

industrial factory building industrial architecture nominal diameter

公式 formula

公司 company, corporation

拱 arch

共振 resonance, sympathetic vibration 管架 pipe rack

规范 regulation, code

规格 specifications, standards 规模 scale, scope

国家规范 national regulation

国家标准 national standards 合同 contract

横向变形 transverse deformation 横向刚度 lateral rigidity 化工厂 chemical plant

货梯 freight elevator, goods lift

极限承载能力 ultimate bearing capacity 纪要 summary

计算书 calculation sheet 技术资料 technical data

剪刀撑, 交叉撑 X-brace, cross brace 简图 sketch, diagram 简支梁 simple beam

交叉 intersection, crossing 交点 intersection point

铰接 hinged connection, hinge joint, pin connection 结构变形 structural deformation

结构图 structural drawing 结构形式 structural style 结构稳定性 structural stability 结论 conclusion, verdict 截面 section

界限 limits, bounds, demarcation line 紧急出口 emergency exit

精确度 accuracy, precision, excatitude, 局部破坏 local failure, partial failure 矩形 rectangular 抗冻 frost resisting

抗风柱 wind resistance column 立面 elevation, facade 粒径 particle diameter

连续梁 continuous beam 两铰拱 two-hinged arch 裂缝 rift, crack, crevice 楼梯 stair

楼梯间 staircase 楼梯扶手 stair rail

楼梯净空 stair headroom

楼梯平台, 休息平台 landing, pace, stair landing 楼梯坡度 pitch of stair, slope of stair 楼梯踏步 stair step 铝合金 aluminum alloy

铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window 民用建筑 civil architecture 摩擦 friction

耐火等级 fire resistance rating 耐久性 durability, endurance 爬梯 cat ladder

疲劳破坏 fatigue failure 频率 frequency

平面布置 plan layout 平台 terrace, platform, deck 平台栏杆 platform railing 剖面 section

剖面图 sectional drawing 侵蚀 corrosion, erosion 倾覆 overturning, toppling 人孔 manhole

容许误差 allowable error, permissible error

容许值 permissible value, allowable value 晒图 blueprinting

上部结构 superstructure

设计要求 design requirements 设计资料 design data 伸缩缝 expansion joint

室外楼梯 exterior stair, outside stairway 双向板 two-way slab 水平撑 horizontal brace 踏步 step 踏步板 tread

弹簧 spring

填充材料 filling material 填充墙 filler wall

挑板 cantilever slab

挑檐 projecting eaves, overhang eaves

停车场 car park, parking lot 通用构件 standard member 通用图 standard drawing 通用详图 standard detail

统一标准 unified standards

统一构件 unified structure element

投标 bid, tender 招标 bidding

图集 collective drawings, collection of drawings 图签 title block

温差 temperature difference

稳定性 stability, steadiness

污水处理 sewage disposal, sewage treatment 先张法预应力 pretensioned prestressing 现行标准 currently effective standards 详图, 大样 detail drawing, detail 橡胶止水带 rubber waterstop 消防 firefighting, fire protection 斜率 slope 卸荷 unloading

卸货平台 discharging platform, unloading platform 悬臂 cantilever

悬臂板 cantilever slab

悬臂梁 cantilever beam, overhanging beam

悬挂 hanging suspension 压缩机 compressor

压缩模量 modulus of compression 延性 ductility, ductileness

业主 client, owner

一览表 table, schedule, list

有效截面 effective section

预应力损失 loss of prestress, prestressing loss 圆形 circular shape, round

圆柱 circular column, round column 约束 confinement, restraint, constraint 约束条件 constrain condition 展开图 developed drawing 栈桥 landing stage, loading bridge 罩棚 awning

折减系数 reduction factor 折算高度 reduced height 支座 support, pedestal 直爬梯 vertical ladder 止水带 water stop

中和轴 neutral axis 重心 center of gravity 周期 period, cycle

转弯半径 turning radius

转动惯量 rotational inertia

装卸平台 loading and unloading platform

g. General Words for Construction施工常用词汇 拌和料 mixture

标准级配 standard grading 补强 strengthening, stiffening 测量 survey, measurement 拆模 form removal 尺寸 dimension, size 抄平 leveling 处理 treatment

搭接 lap joint, lapping, overlap joint 搭接长度 splicing length 打底 bedding, priming

打夯, 夯实 ramming, tamping 打桩 pile driving, piling, driving 粗砂 coarse sand

捣实 rodding, tamping

地质勘测 geological exploration, geological survey

吊装 hoisting

定位 locating, positioning 堆料区 stacking area 洞口 opening

放大 enlargement, amplification 放线 setting out

放样 lofting, setting out

分层夯实 compaction in layers 分层回填 back-filling in layers 蜂窝麻面 voids and pits 改建 reconstruction, alteration 改造 transformation, remodeling 钢模 steel mould

钢套管 steel thimble, steel sleeve

工厂预制构件 factory-made component 骨料, 集料 aggregate

骨料级配 gradation of aggregate 骨料粒径 aggregate size 贯入度 penetration

灌浆 grouting, grout jection

和易性 workability

后张法 post-tensioning method

含水量 water content, moisture content 混凝土剥落 scaling of concrete

混凝土外加剂 concrete additive, concrete agent 混凝土浇筑 pouring of concrete 级配 gradation, grading

加固 reinforcement, strengthening 加腋 haunching

间距 spacing, pit

建设 building, construction

建筑安装工程construction and installation work 建筑材料 building materials

建筑结构 building structure

建筑设计院 architecture design institute 建筑施工 building construction 检修人孔 inspection manhole 浇筑 pouring, placing, depositing 脚手架 scaffold, scaffolding 结构标高 structural elevation 进度估计 progress estimate 净高 clear height 净距 clear distance

净空 clearance

绝对标高 absolute elevation, absolute level 竣工 completion

竣工图 “As Built” drawing 开工 commencement of work 扩建 extension, enlargement 离析 segregation

临时设施 construction site facilities 临时道路 temporary road 麻面 hungry spots

埋入长度 embedment length 面层 coat, coating 抹灰 plastering, rendering 抹灰面层 finish plaster 模板 form, shutter board 模板工程 formwork

喷涂 spray coating, spraying

膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt, expansion anchor 平整 leveling

平整场地 leveling of ground

坡道, 斜坡道 ramp, slope ramp, slope way

起吊 hoisting 砂浆 mortar 升板 lift slab

升板法施工 lift slab construction

施工 construction

施工单位 construction organization 施工缝 construction joint, working joint 施工图 construction drawing 时效 aging

试样 sample, test sample 收缩 shrinkage, contraction

水灰比 water-cement ratio 水泥 cement

水泥抹面 cement plaster 水泥砂浆 cement mortar

坍落度 slump

梯子 ladder, stepladder

提升模板climbing form,climbing shuttering 温度缝 temperature joint

水泥砂浆找平 cement mortar screeding

误差 error, inaccuracy 细骨料 fine aggregate 细石混凝土 fine concrete

现场预制 site prefabrication

现浇混凝土 cast-in-place concrete

相对标高 relative elevation, relative level 徐变 creep 养护 curing

永久变形 permanent deformation 预留孔 preformed hole, prepared hole 预埋件 embedded parts, embedded inserts 预埋螺栓 embedded bolt, inserted bolt 找平 leveling, screeding

找平层 leveling coat, leveling course 振捣 vibration

振捣棒 poker vibration, vibrating needle, vibrator 支模 form erecting, erection of shuttering 最佳级配 optimum gradation 坐标 coordinate

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