初中英语动词时态复习讲义以及被动语态

初中英语动词时态复习讲义以及被动语态

初中英语动词时态复习讲义 一般现在时第三人称词尾变化： 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es 一般现在时的用法 1） 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. 2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . 4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun.。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 二. 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。 例如：Where did you go just now? After a few years,she started to play the piano. 2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。 例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.。 3）一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。 一般将来时的构成：助动词will+动词原形 在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll，wii not常简缩为won’t。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。 例如：She’ll go to play basketball.。 二、一般将来时的用法

1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。例如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. 2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。 例如：I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。 3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。 例如：I think she’ll go back home for supper. 三、be going to +不定式，表示将来。 1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。 例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? The play is going to be produced next month。2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。 例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 过去将来时的构成1、would/should+动词原形 2、 was/were going to+动词原形 二、过去将来时的用法： 1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock. 一、现在进行时的构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词 二、动词V-ing的构成形式 规则 原形 -ing形式 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing listen spend listening spending 三、现在进行时的用法： 1、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,right now,at this moment等时间壮语连用。 例如： We are waiting for you now.。 2一些持续性动词用于进行时，表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。 例如：Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时 一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)

二、过去进行时的用法： 1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。 例

如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. 昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。 2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。 例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.。 3、在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。 例如：It was raining when they left the station. 4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。 例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity . 一、现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词 二、过去分词的构成： 在动词词尾加-ed；三、现在完成时的用法 1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。 例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？ You have already grown much taller.。 2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army . They have learned English for eight years 3、现在完成时需注意的问题： ○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close, come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。 例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误） He has been in the army for five years.(正确) 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for

a month. 4比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week， ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员） 过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时 一、过去完成时的构成：助动词had＋动词过去分词 二、过去完成时的用法： 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。 例如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。 2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。 例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here . 我来这儿之前在美国住 过两年。 3、表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。 例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。 各种时态的被动语态举例 一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：

初中英语动词时态复习讲义以及被动语态

1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词

His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词

A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词

A new factory was being built in our city at that time.

Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 5、一般将来时的被动语态:

(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词

(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词. Some new factories will be built in our city this yearYour watch is going to be mended in an hour.

. 6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.

She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city. He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词 Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already.

8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词 He said that some new factories had been built in the city. I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .

9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done 例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this. 五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态

1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。. 主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries. 被动语态：英语被说。 English is spoken in many countries... 主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year. 被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year. 不用被动语态的动词

1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, dissapear, … A traffic accident ________(happen) just now

2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become… Peking Opera ________ (sound) beautiful 3. : The pen _________ (write) very fast. This kind of sweater _______ (sell) well. —What are on show in the museum?

—Some photos _________(take) by American children. This coat _________(wash) well.

1. The rivers smells terrible. People must dirty things into it .

A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop form throwing 2. Paper first invented in China . A. is B. are C. was D. were

3. — Do you like the flower ? — Yes , it sweet .

A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells 4. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow .

A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. covered with 5. The light in the room before you leave .

A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off 6. the kind of question often in your class , Ann ?

A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask 7. The bridge in three weeks .

A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds 8. The old men and the children must in our country .

A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take good care of D. be taken good care of 9. Paul doesn’t have to be made He always works hard . A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

10. The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class .

A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at 11. We that the English test next Monday .

A. are told , gives B. tell , will give C. are told , will be given D. told , is going to be given 12. Great changes place in China since 1978 .

A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took 13. the red pencil-box by your father last week ?

A. Has , bought B. Was , bought C. Does , buy D. Did , buy 14. Mary many songs at the party .

A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing 15. trees usually in April ?

A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. Do , plant D. Were , planted 16. When we got there , the broken road repaired .

A. is being B. was being C. has been D. / 17. The windows of the room once a week .

A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning 18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests .

A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with 19. The young tree the stick .

A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with 20. A present me by my friend on my birthday .

A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to 21. By was the book ?

A. who , wrote B. whom , write C. whom , written D. whom , writing 22. Films about crime and violence（暴力与犯罪）by young children .

A. should not see B. should be not seen C. should not be seen D. should be seen 23. In warm weather fruit and meat long .

A. can’t be kept B. don’t keep C. is not kept D. aren’t keeping 24. Half the world’s telephone calls in English .

A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made 25. That building now .

A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds 26. The trees in our school every Friday afternoon .

A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water

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