自考《英语二》2012年出版最新讲义第五章

《英语二》

Unit 5 Keeping Your Dreams Alive Text A Life is Difficult

A Famous Quote

You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.

—— C. S. Lewis 无论年纪多大，都可以有新目标、新梦想。

—— C. S. 刘易斯 New Words

transcend v. to be or go beyond the usual limits of something 超出，超越（通常的界限） incessantly adj. non-stop 不停地；持续不断地

noisily adv. in the way of making a lot of noise 喧闹地

subtly adv. in the way that is not very noticeable or obvious 不易察觉地；不明显地；微妙地

enormity n. the very great size, effect, etc. of something; the fact of something being very serious 巨大；深远影响；严重性

burden n. a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work （义务、责任等的）重担，负担

belief n. a strong feeling that something/somebody exists or is true; confidence that something/somebody is good or right 相信；信心

unique adj. being the only one of its kind; very special or unusual 唯一的；独一无二的；独特的 affliction n. pain and suffering or something that causes it 折磨；痛苦 especially adv. more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circumstances than in others 尤其；特别；格外

tribe n. （in developing countries） a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc. living in a particular area and often led by a chief 部落

species n. a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name 种，物种（分类上小于属） discipline n. the ability to control your behaviour or the way you live, work, etc. 自制力；遵守纪律

confront v. to deal with a problem or difficult situation 处理，解决（问题或困境）

evoke v. to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind 引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象） grief n. a feeling of great sadness, especially when somebody dies （尤指因某人去世引起的）悲伤，悲痛，伤心

guilt n. the unhappy feelings caused by knowing or thinking that you have done something wrong 内疚；悔恨

anxiety n. the state of feeling nervous or worried that something bad is going to happen 焦虑；忧虑

anguish n. severe pain, mental suffering or unhappiness 剧痛；极度痛苦；苦恼 despair n. the feeling of having lost all hope 绝望

uncomfortable adj. anxious, embarrassed or afraid and unable to relax （使）焦虑的，尴尬的，害怕的，不自在的

physical adj. connected with a person's body rather than their mind 身体的；肉体的；躯体的

equal adj. to be as good as something else or do something to the same standard as somebody else 比════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

得上；敌得过

conflict n. a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument 冲突；争执；争论

engender v. to make a feeling or situation exist 产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）

pose v. to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with 造成（威胁、问题等）；引起；产生

distinguish v. to recognize the difference between two people or things 区分；辨别；分清

wisdom n. the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have 智慧；才智；精明

mentally adv. connected with or happening in the mind 精神上；智力上；思想上

spiritually adv. in the way that is connected with the human spirit, rather than the body or physical things 精神上；心灵上

desire n. to want something; to wish for something 渴望；期望

deliberately adv. done in a way that was planned, not by chance 故意；蓄意；存心 instruct v. to teach somebody something, or show them how to do something 教授；指导

dread v. to be very afraid of something; to fear that something bad is going to happen 非常害怕；极为担心

Phrases and Expressions

moan about to complain about something in a way that other people find annoying 抱怨

a series of several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other 一系列；连续

because of for the reason of 因为

as well as in addition to somebody/something; too 除?之外

cutting edge the newest, most advanced stage in the development of something （处于某事物发展的）尖端，最前沿，领先阶段

call forth to produce a particular reaction 引起；使产生 重点词汇

transcend v. to be or go beyond the usual limits of something 超出，超越（通常的界限）

eg: Such matters transcend man's knowledge, i.e. we cannot know about them. 这些问题人类是无法了解的。 衍生

transcendent adj. extremely great; supreme 卓越的；至高无上的 eg: a writer of transcendent genius 杰出的天才作家

burden n. a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work （义务、责任等的）重担，负担

eg: bear/carry/shoulder a heavy burden 负有/负起/肩负/重担

affliction n. pain and suffering or something that causes it 折磨；痛苦 eg: help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人 衍生

afflict v. [usu. passive 通常用於被动语态]

~ sb./sth. （with sth.） cause trouble, pain or distress to sb./sth. 使某人/某物苦恼﹑ 疼痛或悲痛 eg: She is afflicted with （i.e. suffers from） arthritis. 她患关节炎。 Severe drought has afflicted the countryside. 严重的干旱使乡村深受其害。 构词

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

词根 flict = to strike 打击 afflict v. 折磨 affliction n. 痛苦 conflict n. 冲突 inflict v. 使遭受 infliction n. 痛苦

species n. a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name 种，物种（分类上小于属） eg: pandas and other endangered species 熊猫和其他濒危物种

confront v. to deal with a problem or difficult situation 处理，解决（问题或困境） be confronted with sth.

eg: Customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice. 顾客面临众多选择。 衍生

confrontation n. （instance of） angry opposition 对抗；对抗的事物

eg: a confrontation between the government and the unions 政府与工会之间的对抗

instruct v. to teach somebody something, or show them how to do something 教授；指导 ~ sb. （in sth.）

eg: instruct a class （in history） 教某班级（历史） 衍生

instructor n. person who instructs; trainer 教员；教练；指导员 eg: a driving instructor 驾驶教练

instruction n. ~ （in sth.） process of teaching; knowledge or teaching given （对知识的）教授，传授；（传授的）知识；教导

eg: In this course, students receive instruction in basic engineering. 在本课程中，学生能学到基础工程学的知识。 构词

词根 struct = to build 建造，建立 structure n. 构造，结构 construct v. 建设 construction n. 建设 destruction n. 毁灭

destructive adj. 有破坏力的 instruct v. 指导 instruction n. 教导

superstructure n. 上层建筑 Life Is Difficult P1

Life is difficult.

This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult — once we truly understand and accept it — then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters. P2

Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

P3

Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share. P4

Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them? P5

Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems. Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems. P6

What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, or despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we can call them problems. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. P7

Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, \actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems. 链接

Hold fast to dream ---Langston Hughes

Hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想 For if dreams die 梦想若是消亡

Life is a broken-winged bird 生命就象鸟儿折了翅膀 That can never fly 再也不能飞翔 Hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想 For when dreams go 梦想若是消丧

Life is a barren field 生命就象贫瘠的荒野 Frozen only with snow 雪覆冰封，万物不再生长 语法点睛

（一）名词从句

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

1. 本质：句子（S + V） 分别充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，便构成了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。这四种从句本质都有名词的性质，所以统称名词性从句。

2. 经研究发现，名词从句就是用三种句子（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）来分别充当另外一个句子的四种句子成分，但做了一定的调整。演化如下： 1）陈述句做成分，在其前加引导词that。

陈述句 English is important. That English is important is an undoubted fact. I know that English is important. My idea is that English is important. I hold the opinion that English is important. 2）一般疑问句做成分，在其加引导词whether, 并变倒装语序为正装语序。 一般疑问句 Will he come to my party? Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me. I don't know whether/if he will come to my party. My question is whether he will come to my party. I have a question whether he will come to my party. 3）特殊疑问句做成分，倒装变正装即可。 特殊疑问句 What should we do? What we should do is to work hard at English. I don't know what we should do To hold our dream is what we should do. There is a question what we should do. 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 3.课文里出现的名词从句

1）Once we truly know that life is difficult — once we truly understand and accept it — then life is no longer difficult.

2）Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters. 3）Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.

4）They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.

5）What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one.

（二）强调句

1.结构： It is + 被强调的部分 + that + 句子的其他部分

\

\ \ 2.课文里出现的强调句

1）Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure.

2）It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually.

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

结局，应该放在最后。

Text B New Words

lately adv.recently; in the recent past 最近；新近；近来；不久前

insurmountable adj.（of difficulties, problems, etc.） that cannot be dealt with successfully （困难、问题等）无法克服的，难以解决的，不可逾越的

challenge n.a new or difficult task that tests somebody's ability and skill 挑战；艰巨任务

battle v.to try very hard to achieve something difficult or to deal with something unpleasant or dangerous （与?）搏斗；（与?）斗争

desperation n.the state of being desperate 绝望；拼命；铤而走险 value v.to think that somebody/something is important 重视；珍视

wand n.a straight thin stick that is held by somebody when performing magic or magic tricks 魔杖 cheerfully adv.happily, and showing it by the way that you behave 快乐地；高兴地；兴高采烈地 quote v.to repeat the exact words that another person has said or written 引用：引述

unreceptive adj.unwilling to listen to or accept new ideas or suggestions （对新观点、建议等）不愿倾听的，不愿接受的

inspiration n.a person or thing that makes you want to be better, more successful，etc.鼓舞人心的人（或事物）

contact v.to communicate with somebody，for example by telephone or letter 联系，联络（如用电话或信件）

imagine v.to think that something is probably true 料想；认为

uncaring adj.not sympathetic about the problems or suffering of other people 冷漠的；无同情心的 life-threatening adj.that is likely to kill somebody 可能致命的；威胁着生命的

recovery n.the process of becoming well again after an illness or injury 恢复；痊愈 Phrases and Expressions

start over to begin again 重新开始

on one's feet completely well or in a normal state again after an illness or a time of trouble （困境后）恢复，完全复原；（病后）痊愈

struggle with to fight against somebody/something in order to prevent a bad situation or result 斗争；抗争

walk out on to suddenly leave somebody that you are having a relationship with and that you have a responsibility for 遗弃，抛弃，离开（某人）

bring about to make something happen 导致；引起

fight back to resist strongly or attack somebody who has attacked you 奋力抵抗；还击 重点词汇

insurmountable adj.（of difficulties, problems, etc.） that cannot be dealt with successfully （困难、问题等）无法克服的，难以解决的，不可逾越的

eg: The problems are not insurmountable.问题不是无法解决的。 衍生

surmount v.overcome 克服（困难等）；战胜

eg: We had many problems to surmount before we could start the project.我们得克服许多困难才能着手做这项工作。

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

构词：

前缀sur （超，上）+词根 mount（登上） sur-

surface n.表面 surmount v.超越 surplus adj.多余的 survive v.幸存 mount

mount n.山丘 v.登上 mountain n.山

mountainous adj.多山的 surmount v.超越

insurmountable adj.难以克服的 dismount v.下车，下马

challenge n.a new or difficult task that tests somebody's ability and skill 挑战；艰巨任务 eg: She likes her job to be a challenge.她喜欢艰巨的工作。 其他用法

challenge v.question the truth, rightness or validity of （sth.）; dispute 怀疑（某事）的真实性﹑正确性或有效性；提出异议

eg: This new discovery challenges traditional beliefs.这项新的发现对传统观念提出了异议。

challenging adj.offering problems that test sb.'s ability; stimulating （为考验某人的能力）提出难题的；激励的；挑战的

eg: a challenging job, test, assignment, etc.激励人的工作﹑考验﹑任务等 desperation n.the state of being desperate 绝望；拼命；铤而走险

eg: In desperation, we had to borrow the money.绝望中，我们不得不借钱。 衍生

desperate adj.feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger 感到绝望而不惜冒险的；拼命的；不顾一切的

eg: She wrote me a desperate letter.她给我写了一封信表示因绝望而不惜孤注一掷。

quote v.to repeat the exact words that another person has said or written 引用；引述 eg: He's always quoting verses from the Bible.他经常引用《圣经》中的章节。 衍生

quotation n.group of words taken from a book, play, speech, etc.and used again, use by sb.other than the original author 语录；引文；引用语

eg: She finished her speech with a quotation from Shakespeare.她讲话结束时引用了莎士比亚的语录。 recovery n.the process of becoming well again after an illness or injury 恢复；痊愈

eg: make a quick, speedy, good, slow, etc recovery （from illness） （从疾病中）很快﹑迅速﹑完全 缓慢??康复 衍生：

recover v.get back the use of （one's faculties, health, etc.） 恢复（能力﹑健康等） eg: recover one's sight, hearing, etc.恢复视力﹑听力等 构词 词根cover = 盖；盖子 uncover v.揭开盖子；揭露 discover v.发现

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

discovery n.发现 recover v.恢复 recovery n.恢复 hardcover n.精装本

softcover n.软封面；平装（书） 链接

Begin Again — Bob Perks

To begin again means that you won't give up. To begin again means you're trying.

You can either start over and live your life Or spend the rest of your life slowly dying. It is never the falling that makes us fail. It is never the pain or the crying. You can never fail in life, my friend, Unless you give up trying. P1

It seems lately that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly insurmountable challenges in their lives.A few have lost their jobs and some have failed marriages.All too many have health issues or are battling cancer. P2

I don't know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship.But it is difficult, to say the least, to offer words of hope when all they feel is hopelessness.They expect answers, some magic waving of a wand, or a roadmap to get them back on their feet again. P3

I have often struggled with what to say.Mostly because I have faced many of the same challenges in my own life, I remember how empty I felt after someone cheerfully offered words like, %up!\ P4-P12

Yes, even those who were quick to quote the Bible to me found me quite unreceptive at the time. Now, as an inspiration writer, being thought of as a resource of hope or a good （or bad） example of what to do in life, I have even more people contacting me. So, what do I say?

\ \

\ \

\them?\

\ P13-p14 It almost sounds too simple.I imagine in the darkest hours of one's life, those words would seem useless or uncaring.But it is indeed the answer.

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

All life challenges bring about an ending — and the chance for a beginning.A job loss presents an opportunity to start over somewhere else and maybe even in another career. P15-P17

A failed marriage does not mean you are through loving or being loved.It means there are others just like you needing to be loved.Find them.

A life-threatening disease does not mean giving up.It means starting a new path to recovery and discovering within yourself the ability to fight back and win.

And if you are a person of faith, even death does not mean it's over.It means, \ 点滴语法

非谓语动词——不定式to do

1.含义：在句中能充当除谓语之外的任何成分，可以当做名词、形容词和副词使用。 2.不定式的功能 1）做主语

eg: To err is human; to forgive is divine. 犯错人皆难免，宽恕则属超凡。

To love the sake of being loved is human, but to love for the sake of loving is angelic. 因为被爱而爱，是人之常情；因为爱而爱则难能可贵。 形式主语

It is +形容词+ to do 结构

eg: It's better to love someone you can't have than to have someone you can't love. 与其拥有一个你不爱的人，倒不如爱一个你无法拥有的人。

It's possible to give without loving, but it is not possible to love without giving. 我们可以付出而不爱，但不可能爱而不付出。 2）做宾语

（1）动词 + to do

eg: I hope to see you again. （2）动词 + 疑问词 + to do eg: I wonder who to invite. Show us what to do.

（3）动词 + it + 宾语补语 + to do

eg: I think it hard to answer the question in one go. He feels it challenging to be a marketing supervisor.

Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map. 3）宾语补语

动词 + 宾语 + to do

eg: Allow me to drink to your success!

They don't allow people to smoke in the theater. 4）定语

名词 + to do

eg: I had no place to live in.

I don't think he is the best man to do the job. 5）形容词 + to do

eg: He is easy to fool.他很容易被骗。 He is afraid to be fooled.他很害怕被骗。

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

6）作状语

（1）目的状语

eg: I'd climb the highest mountain, just to see you smile; I'd swim the ocean, just to hold your hand; I'd run a million miles, just to be with you forever.

我愿意翻越最高的山脉，就是为了目睹你的微笑；我愿意横渡海洋，就是为了与你牵手；我愿意横跨万里，只是为了与你永远共度此生。

I quote others in order better to express my own self. 我引用别人的话，是为了更好地表达自己。 （2）结果状语 only to do

eg: We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left. 我们匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现货车刚刚出站。 so?as to do

eg: Her story is so sad as to arouse our sympathy. 她的经历如此悲惨，以至于引起了我们的同情。 ?enough to do

eg: He is old enough to go to school. 他足够大了，该上学了。 too?to do

eg: The tea is too hot to drink. 这茶太烫，喝不了。

3.课文中出现的含有不定式的句子：

To begin again means that you won't give up. To begin again means you're trying.

I don't know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship.

But it is difficult, to say the least, to offer words of hope when all they feel is hopelessness. They expect answers, some magic waving of a wand, or a roadmap to get them back on their feet again. Yes, even those who were quick to quote the Bible to me found me quite unreceptive at the time. A job loss presents an opportunity to start over somewhere else and maybe even in another career. It means there are others just like you needing to be loved.Find them.

It means starting a new path to recovery and discovering within yourself the ability to fight back and win.

Exercises

Checking Your Comprehension Section A

Directions: Read the following statements and mark Y （for Yes） if the statement agrees with the information given in the text; N （for No） if the statement contradicts the information given in the text; NG （for Not Given） if the information is not given in the text.）

（ ） 1.More and more friends of the author are facing some seemingly insurmountable challenges in their lives.

[答疑编号506430050401]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】第一段第一句直接给出了答案。It seems lately that more and more of my

════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/7z3v.html