2018年高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档：专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破(六) Word版含答案

题型突破(六)推理判断之观点态度和写作意图题

A

(2017·扬州、泰州、南通、淮安、宿迁、徐州六市二调)

There are endless motivations for human behaviour，from the basic drives for food to more complicated ones，such as sympathy，envy and anger.But none of these explain behaviours that we call compulsions(强迫症)．They come from a need that is desperate and tortured(折磨)．They may bring relief，but they bring little enjoyment，and while one part of our brain desperately wishes to stop them，another is afraid of stopping.

I used to view compulsions as foreign and almost frightening.But in the course of my research，two things happened.First，when I got to know people who were compulsive，their behaviour didn’t seem unreasonable at all.Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers(另类人)，the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal.

Over any year，many of us find ourselves in the control of a compulsion that falls short of something that is disabling enough to qualify as a mental disorder—in fact，some compulsions are adaptive，helping us lead our lives or perform our jobs more effectively.

Like many people，maybe you feel forced to reach for your smart phone as soon as you wake up in the morning.Fortunately a growing number of experts have begun to succeed in distinguishing addictions from compulsions.

An addiction begins with a flash of pleasure accompanied with danger; it’s fun to gamble or to drink，and it also puts you at risk.Addictions involve acting without planning or even thought，driven by an urge for immediate http://www.77cn.com.cnpulsions，in contrast，are all about avoiding unpleasant outcomes.They are behaviours we repeat many times to relieve the anxiety brought on by the possibility of negative consequences.But the actual behaviour is often unpleasant—or at least not particularly rewarding，especially after many rounds of it.

Behind every compulsion is the need to avoid what causes you pain or http://www.77cn.com.cnpulsive behaviour is not necessarily a mental disorder.Some forms of it can be，and people in its control deserve to be diagnosed and helped.But many are expressions of psychological needs we all feel：to be at peace and in control，to feel connected and to matter.And if those are mental illnesses，we’re all crazy.

1．From the first two paragraphs，we know that .

A．compulsions can bring relief as well as enjoyment

B．compulsive people will prefer unreasonable behaviour

C．compulsions may be an understandable response to anxiety

D．compulsive people must be frightening and behave differently

答案 C

解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers(另类人)，the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal.”可知，强迫症可能是焦虑的一种可以理解的反应。故选项C正确。

2．The main difference between addictions and compulsions lies in .

A．human relationships B．financial rewards

C．internal drives D．social expectations

答案 C

解析细节理解题。根据第五段的前四句可知，上瘾症和强迫症的主要区别在于内驱力。故选项C符合题意。

3．What’s the author’s attitude towards compulsion?

A．Objective. B．Negative.

C．Doubtful. D．Cautious.

答案 A

解析观点态度题。综合全文尤其是最后一段的第一、二句及最后一句可知，作者对于强迫症的态度是客观的。故选项A符合题意。

B

(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模)

①On a field roughly the size of an American football field，a player wearing a helmet avoids a defender.He then swings a stick with a net on its end toward the goal.This sweeping motion sends a rubber ball flying from the net past a goalkeeper for a score.

②The player—pumping his fists in celebration—has just scored a goal in lacrosse，a sport that has elements of hockey，soccer and American football.But lacrosse differs from those sports in its unique mixture of stick-handling skills and physical contact.Often referred to as “the fastest game on two feet”，lacrosse is such an exciting sport that new fans and players quickly find themselves hooked.

In men’s lacrosse，two teams of 10 players compete over four periods lasting 15 minutes each.Except the goalkeeper，each team fields three attackmen，three mid-fielders and three defensemen.As in soccer，players cannot touch the ball with their hands.So players use their stick，called a crosse，to keep the ball in play.While running across the field，they cradle the ball in the

net，competing to shoot a lacrosse ball into the opposing team’s gate.

The modern game of lacrosse originated from the long-stick game played by the Iroquois(易洛魁人)．Mohawks，part of the Iroquois nation，taught the game to French Canadians in Montreal in 1750.This led to a series of contests between the Iroquois and the Canadians with the Iroquois winning 17 years in a row.Although they lost the games，the Canadian players never falter(犹豫) in their love of the game. ③

In America，lacrosse is the fastest-growing sport at both the high school and college levels.Some coaches have said this popularity may be due to two factors—the game’s relative safety compared with other sports and its fast-paced action.Prep school coach Bob Shriver says，“It’s just fun.It has more scoring than soccer，more people than basketball.It just gets in your soul.”④

Apparently，the passion for lacrosse isn’t limited to America.The number of member countries in the Federation of International lacrosse has grown to 56.Members include such diverse countries as Uganda，Jamaica and Malaysia，which proves that once someone grabs a crosse，they will get hooked!

4．Where can the sentence “Today，lacrosse is kno w n as Canada’s official summer sport！”most probably be put?

A．①B．②C．③D．④

答案 C

解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“taught the game to French Canadians...Canadian players never falter(犹豫) in their love of the game”可知，此处指出了长曲棍球是如何在加拿大人中流行起来的以及加拿大人对这种运动的喜爱，而题干中的这句话亦与加拿大和长曲棍球有关，所以它放在③处最合适，既阐述了这种运动对现在的加拿大的影响，又对本段的内容进行了总结。

5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The basic rules of lacrosse.

B．Lasting time of lacrosse.

C．The characteristics of lacrosse.

D．Different players of lacrosse.

答案 A

解析段落大意题。根据第三段的内容尤其是“two teams of 10 players”“over four periods lasting 15 minutes each”“players cannot touch the ball with their hands”“cradle the ball in the net...opposing team’s gate”可知，本段是围绕着长曲棍球比赛的规则展开的。

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