2019届高考英语一轮复习专项提升训练：短文填空与六选四专项提升

2019届高考英语一轮复习专项提升训练

短文填空与六选四专项提升训练

（上海卷适用）

一、六选四 1.A. If we see a line moving faster, we might switch without having enough extra information. B. About one in five people grew impatient at the back of the queue and switched to the other line in the hope of speeding things up. C. Do you hold your nerve and stay put, switch to another line in the hope it moves faster, or give up altogether? D. Based on his study, Buell says people should think hard about switching queues when they are the last in a line. E. In an unpublished working paper on the research, Buell notes that people tend to feel unhappiest at the back of a queue for the first 10 seconds or so. F. Although the number of people behind you has nothing to do with how long you are going to wait, it shapes your behavior. No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. ①__________ This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they have found in a new study, they suggest people think twice before switching queues. The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked into consumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as “last-place aversion,” the discomfort people feel when they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret.

Buell began by observing people at a multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an online survey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. They started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave. ②__________On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved.

“When we join a queue, we tend to make the most rational choice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. ③__________Unfortunately, we can often get it wrong,” said Buell.

④__________After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortably

until someone else joins behind them. “Remember that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you hang around long enough,” Buell said.

2.Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. I truly express my respect for Shan and his team for their contributions. B. With regard to cultural heritage restoration, Shan said the museum opened a restoration hospital at the end of 2016. C. A total of 600 people from all walks of life, including over 100 foreign guests, participated in the activity. D. I will learn more about Chinese culture from the magnificent ancient objects. E. Our design teams often study consumer demands and create cultural items that are nice to look at and practical to use. F. Traditional craftsmanship is combined with modern methods, and the lives of ancient cultural objects will be lengthened by the so-called doctors. Make traditional treasures come alive

The Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Beijing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions.①__________ On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure(基础设施), restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and promoting the Palace Museum’s cultural items. “The abundant collection of cultural objects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items available,” Shan said. “②__________” Throughout 2017, the total sales of Palace Museum’s cultural items have been more than 1 billion yuan ($158million). Explaining the huge success of Palace Museum’s cultural souvenirs, Shan said: “The museum opened a shop on the e-commerce website Taobao in 2008, but sales remained neither high nor low for years, as more than 80 percent of the souvenirs sold in stores in the past were not related to our museum.” “Therefore, I wanted to change the situation. Now, souvenirs from the Palace Museum cover almost every aspect of life. After all, what matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are to people’s daily lives.”

③__________Around 200 “doctors” are employed to analyze, examine, detect flaws or damage in ancient objects and restore them using more than 100 pieces of specialized equipment, including 3-D printers and scanners. The restoration

hospital covers 13,000 square meters and boasts the nation’s most advanced restoration workshops.

John Aquilina, Malta’s ambassador to China said that Shan’s speech showed a totally different Palace Museum to foreign people. “China enjoys a long and profound culture and many of the national treasures have been preserved at the Palace Museum. It is no easy task to preserve them well. ④__________”

3.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models. B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. C. It is how to use imagination creatively that troubles us. D. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? E. But if you begin to enter this field, imitation proves useful. F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.

In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ①__________

Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.

②__________If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. ③__________

Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.

④__________The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.

Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”

4.Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A.Age really should be treated as just a number. B.Felt age might play a role in more than just how you feel. C. Feeling young is about maintaining vitality as you get older. D.Self-felt age has the potential to change, so interventions (干预) may be possible. E.And other studies suggest that there could be more benefits to thinking yourself younger, besides a longer life. F.People who feel younger than the number of years they have on the clock get more pleasure than people who feel their age. Feel Young at Heart and You’ll Enjoy a Longer Life

Age-liars and birthday-deniers... you’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says.

①__________ Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.

Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for the study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older than they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”

Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.

The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “ ②__________Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health messages promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging,” the authors write in the study.

The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. ③__________One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.

There you have it. ④__________

5.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. When you are done with your task then reward yourself. B. Make sure you only rest for 10 minutes. C. Or you can work harder and start an even bigger project. D. Set a kitchen timer and say to yourself that you only have to do this work for 10 minutes. E. When you sort papers, do the laundry or do the dishes, be fully there. F. You don’t always have to do just one thing at a time in silence. Ways to Be More Efficient

Not all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?

I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.

Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.

Do it attentively. ①__________ Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scrubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.

Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house.

②__________ When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) . Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.

Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. ③__________ I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.

④__________ Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.

6.Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A.For OpenClassrooms,the company will certainly make profits as a technology provider. B. And it can explain why more and more people tend.to apply for online

courses. C. It's the exact same degree that you would get at IESA, except that you won't see any teachers. D.That's why every week you will get to video chat with a teacher. E. For OpenClassrooms, the company will surely enjoy a reputation for its technology. F. OpenClassrooms lets you work and study at the same time, and pay a lot less. You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup OpenClassrooms is offering the first State-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs (massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program. There are three learning pants in engineering, design and marketing. Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.① __________IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCs for this program. On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes.As always,it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC.②__________. This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible.So with these new MOOC students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.

③__________The startup already offers a course for ￡20 per month, but you need to pay ￡300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. It's unclear how much OpenClassrooms will keep, but it should be more than ￡20 per month.

For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay ￡6,950 per year. ④__________Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.

It's an interesting new direction for OpenClassrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this Kind of degree as well.

7

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. Watling Street’s origins are lost in prehistory. B. But Shakespeare can still be connected to the road. C. In fact, it is hard to find a character from the British imagination who cannot be linked to Watling Street in some way. D. It is one of the few permanent fixtures of this island and one of the first lines on the map.

E. Here characters including Sherlock Holmes and Batman have been brought to life. F. It is Watling Street — and there is no road in the English-speaking world more steeped in stories. The road that led to 1,000 stories In his new book Watling Street, John Higgs explores one o fBritain’s oldest roads — and how it inspired countless stories, from the Canterbury Tales to Great Expectations to Star Wars.

Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, written in the late 14th Century, tells the story of a group of medieval pilgrims travelling from London to Canterbury. Six hundred years later, the Star Wars movies were filmed on the same road.① .

We now think of Watling Street as the A2 and the A5 motorways, which run acrossBritainfrom Anglesey in north-west Wales to Dover in south-east Englandin a way that joins two opposite sides at an angle. But the road has existed throughout all of British history. ② . It has been a Neolithic (新石器时代的)pathway, a Roman road, one of the four medieval (中世纪的)royal highways, a main road in the age of coach travel and a road today usually with traffic jams. It is a place that reflects its own history, always being

rewritten.③ . James Bond drives along the road in Ian Fleming’s novel Moonraker. Doctor Who appears suddenly at different points along it in different historical eras. It is part of Robin Hood’s plans in the medieval narrative poem A Little Geste of Robin Hood and his Meiny. Miss Havisham’s decaying Gothic house in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is based on Restoration House in Rochester, which stands just yards from Watling Street. In the 12th-Century Histories of the Kings of Britain, Geoffrey of Monmouth tells how a young Merlin released the dragons that caused King Vortigem’s tower to fall. This was at Dinas Emrys in Snowdonia, on the route of the original, pre-Roman road throughWales. For many years it was believed that William Shakespeare wrote a play called The Widow of Watling Street', it was included in early collections of his work. It is now thought that the real author of that play was Thomas

Middleton.④ .Before the Romans bridged the Thames, the original route of Watling Street crossed the river where Westminster Palace now stands. The route would have run close to where Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre in Southwark later stood.

8Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements.

B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.

C. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.

D. Individual differences are most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work. E. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work. Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer.① For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.

People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. ②

Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.③ The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”. Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. ④ Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to definite advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”. 二、短文填空 9

A. tissue B. treated C. potential D. engineering E. environment F.

limited G. procedure H. commercial I. promising J. expanding K. internal Scientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures(钉合或缝合). It’s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical① . The glue is made from a modified(改良的)human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.

According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural② and relaxing of the organ or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds③ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that ④ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.

The⑤ applications are powerful – from treating serious ⑥ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries. MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural ⑦ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.

For now the trials are ⑧ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly ⑨ . If the MeTro can be further developed into a ⑩ product, it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.

10Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. potentially B. filmed C. dropped D. commonly E. treats F. sympathy G. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confident

Puppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of Humans

Dogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facialexpression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent onemotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have foundthat dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention.Puppy dog eyes, in which the ① is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, wasfound to be the most ② used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether thedogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening

their eyes invites③ andaffection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be④ that the production offacial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeingfood ⑤ did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are⑥ to humans’ attention and thatexpressions are ⑦ active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” Theresearchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog wastied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were ⑧ throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her bodyturned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they

⑨ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were⑩ .“Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years andduring that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”shesaid. 11

A. involuntary B. features C. suspect D. track E. peculiar F. signalsG. store H. permits I. unlock J. sustain K. scale The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial ① helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional ② , whether through a(n) ③ blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.

Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to ④ worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) ⑤ outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, ⑥ tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to⑦ the homescreen.

Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces

are⑧ to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record,⑨ and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast⑩ promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust. 12

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