2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读二十七

Manhattan embraces road pricing

曼哈顿实行道路收费

NYC should copy Singapore rather than London

纽约应该效仿新加坡，而不是伦敦

New York’s congestion is among the worst in the world,according to an advisory panel’s report published in January last year.Crossing midtown by car is soul-destroying.In2016the average speed was4.7miles per hour,not much quicker than a brisk stroll.

根据咨询小组去年1月发布的一份报告显示，纽约是世界上最拥堵的城市之一。开车穿过市中心是对灵魂的摧残。2016年，纽约市汽车的平均速度为每小时4.7英里，比起走路快不了多少。

But relief is in sight.On April1st(no,really),state lawmakers agreed

to implement congestion-pricing,making New York the first big American city to do so.By2021vehicles will have to pay to enter Manhattan south of60th street.

但情况似乎将得到缓解。4月1日（不是愚人节开玩笑，这是真的），州立法者同意实行拥堵收费，这将使纽约成为美国首个实行拥堵收费的大城市。到2021年，必须交费才能开车进入曼哈顿60街以南的区域。

Similar proposals go back50years but have always stalled.The Regional Plan Association proposed road-pricing in1996.Michael Bloomberg’s 2007plan was not even debated on the state legislature floor.This time, with Andrew Cuomo,the state governor,at the wheel and Bill de Blasio, New York’s mayor,riding shotgun,it looks as if this time is different.

类似的提议可以追溯到50年前，但一直没有进展。区域计划协会在1996年提出了道路收费。迈克尔·布隆伯格2007年（关于道路收费）的计划甚至没能在州立法机构的辩论中提出。这一次，有了纽约州州长安德鲁·科莫的主导以及纽约市市长比尔·德布拉西奥的协助，情况似乎有所不同了。（注：at the wheel本意是在驾驶室，这里引申为主导；riding shotgun本意为在副驾驶，引申为协助。）

Much of the detail,including how much drivers will have to pay,how they will pay and how often they will pay,have yet to be decided.A“traffic mobility review board”will be set up to work all this out.

许多细节（包括司机应该支付多少钱、如何支付以及多久支付一次）尚未确定。未来将成立一个“交通流动性审查委员会”来解决所有这些问题。

New Yorkers living in the fee zone who make less than$60,000a year will be exempt.Other drivers,including motorcyclists,the city’s civil servants, disabled drivers,the trucking industry,New Jersey’s governor and commuters,all want discounts,credits or exemptions,too,which bodes ill.

居住在收费区内的、年收入低于6万美元的市民将免于交费。其他司机（包括摩托车驾驶员、市政府公务员、残疾司机、卡车司机、新泽西州的州长和通勤者）也都希望得到折扣、补助或豁免，这不是一个好兆头。

If done right,congestion-pricing could be expanded beyond Manhattan. New York can learn from other cities.Singapore,for instance,which has had pricing for decades,adjusts prices regularly.

如果效果好的话，拥堵收费可以扩展到曼哈顿以外的地区。纽约可以向其他城市学习。例如，已经实行拥堵收费几十年的新加坡会定期调整价格。

It can also learn from mistakes.London,which rolled out its pricing in 2003,bizarrely is only starting to charge on-demand car hires like Uber. Stockholm exempted too many vehicles,which caused a drop in fee revenue.

纽约还可以从别人的错误中吸取教训。伦敦于2003年就推行了拥堵收费，但奇怪的是，它只对像优步这样的按需汽车租赁公司收费。斯德哥尔摩由于对太多的车辆免除了费用，导致其拥堵收费的收入不断下降。

Other car-clogged cities considering tolls,including Los Angeles, Philadelphia,Portland,San Francisco and Seattle,are watching New York.

A mayor-appointed task force in Boston recommended a$5fee,but so far Marty Walsh,the mayor,is pumping the breaks.

考虑实行道路收费的其他拥堵城市（包括洛杉矶、费城、波特兰、旧金山和西雅图）正在关注着纽约。波士顿市由市长任命的一个特别工作组建议以5美元作为收费标准，但到目前为止，市长马蒂·沃尔什仍未采取行动。

“We really have to be a good example,”says Nicole Gelinas of the Manhattan Institute,a New York think-tank.Moody’s,a credit-rating agency,said the plan is a“credit positive”for the city,the state and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.The only possible roadblock to the scheme is New Yorkers themselves—54%oppose fees.

纽约智库曼哈顿研究所的妮可·格里纳斯说：“我们真得做个好榜样了。”信用评级机构Moody’s表示，收费计划对于纽约市、纽约州以及大都会交通局来说都是有“积极作用”的。收费计划唯一的障碍可能是纽约人自己——54％的人反对收费。

(红色标注词为重难点词汇)

重难点词汇：

congestion[k?n'd??st??n]n.拥挤；拥塞；淤血

implement['?mpl?m?nt]vt.实施，执行；实现，使生效n.工具，器具；手段bizarrely[bi'za:li]adv.奇形怪状地；怪诞地

recommend['r?k?'m?nd]vt.推荐，介绍；劝告；使受欢迎；托付vi.推荐；建议

roadblock['rodblɑk]n.路障；障碍物vi.设置路障

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