2019届高三英语二轮复习 专题能力提升练十七 阅读理解1 含答案

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专题能力提升练 十七

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(2015·浙江六校联考)

When we asked Oprah to pick the 10 books she had read in the past decade that had mattered to her most, she was momentarily stumped. For someone who describes herself as “inspired, challenged, and sustained” by books, it was almost impossible for Oprah to stay within our limit of 10. Still, she offered up the following, but she emphasized that it was only a sampler of delightful titles that have also managed to teach her—and all of us—a few things.

1. Discover the Power Within You By Eric Butterworth 256 pages; Harper One

Advice from the internationally known spiritual teacher. 2. A New Earth By Eckhart Tolle 316 pages; Plume

There’s a reason Oprah picked this for her Book Club in 2008—and

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that she gave audience members Post—it pens along with their copies. So much wisdom, so little time! A real-life guide to living your best life.

3. The Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver 576 pages; Harper Perennial

This novel is about a family involved in the political trouble of postcolonial Africa. It established Kingsolver as one of our wisest observers of history, politics, and human nature.

4. Night By Elie Wiesel

120 pages; Hill and Wang

A memoir(回忆录)of a childhood suffered in concentration camps during the Holocaust. It’s horrific but uplifting. “I gain courage from his courage, ”Oprah says.

5. A Fine Balance By Rohinton Mistry 624 pages; Vintage

A Dickensian novel about India during the Emergency. Like the aftermath of September 11, it teaches us about cultures we haven’t understood. “It takes us out of our own little shell and exposes us to a whole other world out there, ”Oprah says.

6. East of Eden

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By John Steinbeck 608 pages; Penguin

This classic is about good and evil as played out in a late-19th-century California ranch family. If you didn’t read it in high school, read it now. If you did, reread it!

7. The Story of Edgar Sawtelle By David Wroblewski 576 pages; Harper Collins

A kind of Hamlet on the prairie, this is the wrenching(令人痛苦的)story of a mute boy and his dog. Oprah compares it to East of Eden and To Kill a Micking bird.

8. The Pillars of the Earth By Ken Follett 973 pages; Penguin

About the challenges of building cathedrals in 12th-century England. This novel couldn’t be more different in setting, time, and plot from the author’s breakthrough success—Eye of the Needle. Oprah declares it simply “great”.

9. The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison 224 pages; Penguin

How to choose among the great Morrison’s novels? Start with this

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one about a girl who thinks she has to have blue eyes to be beautiful. Oprah considered it one of the best in a crowded Morrison field.

10. The Known World By Edward P. Jones 400 pages, Harper Collins

When this book was published in 2003, it shocked everybody with its description of slave-owning blacks before the Civil War. A daring, unusual examination of race.

【文章大意】当我们让奥普拉给出一些读书的建议时, 她推荐了10本她读过的书.如果你是个想自我完善的人, 那就读这些书吧! 1. The passage is mainly about______.

A. ten books that have made greatest difference to Oprah B. an inspiring, challenging and sustainable woman C. Oprah’s picks from what has taught her a few things D. the unwillingness of Oprah to share books within a limit of 10 【解析】选A.主旨大意题.根据第一段When we asked Oprah to pick the 10 books she had read in the past decade that had mattered to her most, she was momentarily stumped和以下对10本书的介绍可知, 文章是关于奥普拉推荐的十本深受影响的书.

2. Why did Oprah add A Fine Balance to her list? A. Because she gained courage from it.

B. Because it tells about wisdom of human nature.

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C. Because it’s a guide to living a best life. D. Because culture of a different world is exposed.

【解析】选D.细节理解题.根据5. A Fine Balance中的内容可知, 这本书带领我们看到另一个世界.

【规律方法】在解答这类试题时, 一般要采用寻读法, 带着问题(主要是关键词)找相关句子, 这样可以做到有的放矢, 快速而又准确, 省时省力.

3. What makes Oprah declare The Pillars of the Earth great? A. The advice on discovering the power. B. The story of a mute boy and his dog. C. The challenges of building cathedrals. D. The good and evil in a California family.

【解析】选C.细节理解题.根据8. The Pillars of the Earth中的About the challenges of building cathedrals in 12th-century England可知答案为C. 4. In which book was the story set before the Civil War? A. The Bluest Eye. C. A New Earth.

B. East of Eden. D. The Known World.

【解析】选D.细节理解题.根据最后一段When this book was published in 2003, it shocked everybody with its description of slave-owning blacks before the Civil War可知答案为D.

(2015·浙江重点中学模拟)

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You never see them, but they’re with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you’re traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They’re known as the black box.

When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine(潜水艇)detected the device’s homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.

In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U. S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device(装置)was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane—the area least subject to impact—from its original position in the landing wells(起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.

Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which

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tracks pilots’ conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft’s final moments. Placed in an insulated(隔绝的)case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2, 000℉. When submerged, they’re also able to emit signals from depths of 20, 000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they’re still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane’s black boxes were never recovered.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍的是黑匣子的发明及用途等. 5. In Paragraph 1, the author wants to say the black box______. A. is an necessary device on an airplane B. comes from a comic book C. can prevent disasters

D. can control the function of an airplane

【解析】选A.推理判断题.根据第一段可知, 它们记录了你要去哪里, 航行速度及飞机是否一切运行正常.它们几乎能经受住任何灾难, 可以看出黑匣子在飞机上的重要性, 可以说是飞机上必不可少的设备. 6. From the black box on the Yemeni airliner ______ could be found. A. the scene of the crash and the degree of the damage

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B. the total number of passengers on board C. data for analyzing the cause of the crash D. homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash

【解析】选C.细节理解题.根据第二段the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. 以及the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed. 可知, 黑匣子在分析事故原因方面起着很重要的作用. 7. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965? A. New materials became available by that time. B. The early models often got damaged in the crash. C. Too much space was needed for its device. D. The early models didn’t provide the needed data.

【解析】选B.细节理解题.根据第三段可知, 早期的模型往往无法承受撞击, 所以在1965年又被重新设计了.故选B.

8. The black boxes were painted orange or yellow to______. A. distinguish them from the colour of the plane B. warn people to handle them with care C. make them easily identified D. obey the international standards

【解析】选C.细节理解题.根据第三段. . . be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. 可知, 被刷成橙色或黄色来提高能见度.根据常识, 我们知道在飞机失事时要找到黑匣子, 黑匣子就一定要显眼, 所以刷成橙

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色和黄色容易被人发现.

9. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447? A. There is still a good chance of their being recovered. B. There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed. C. They have stopped sending homing signals. D. They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.

【解析】选A.推理判断题.根据最后一段可知, 专家认为, 法航447航班在2009年6月1日坠毁在巴西附近, 它的黑匣子位于水中很深的地方, 但仍然有可能被发现.由此可判断出有可能找到黑匣子.

In 1974, I graduated from Skyline High School in Oakland, a student with low SAT scores. Allowed to send my results to three colleges, I chose M. I. T. and Villanova, knowing such fine schools would never accept a student like me. I couldn’t afford university fee anyway. I finally went to Chabot, a community college in nearby Hayward, because it accepted everyone and was free.

For thousands of students, Chabot was our Columbia University. The college had a nursing program that churned out graduates, sports teams, and parking for a few thousand cars—all free but for the effort and the cost of used textbooks.

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requirements at Chabot that we could go on to a university. I was able to go on to the State University in Sacramento and study no other subject but my major, theater arts.

A public speaking class was unforgettable for a couple of reasons. First, the homework forced us to get over our self-consciousness. Second, another student was a stewardess. She was studying communications and was very beautiful. She lived not far from me, and she offered me a lift to class.

In Herb Kennedy’s Drama in Performance, I read plays like “The Hot L Baltimore” and “Desire Under the Elms, ”then saw them in the theatre. I got to see the plays, through student rush tickets. Those plays filled my head with dreams. I got an A.

President Obama hopes to make two years of free community college accessible for up to nine million Americans. I’m guessing the new Congress will squawk at the $60 billion price tag, but I hope the idea sticks, because more veterans, from Iraq and Afghanistan this time, as well as another generation of mothers, single parents and workers who have been out of the job market, need lower obstacles between now and the next chapter of their lives. High school graduates without the finances for a higher education can postpone taking on big loans and maybe luck into the class that will redefine their life’s work. Many lives will be changed.

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Chabot College is still in Hayward, though some teachers are no longer there. I drove past the college a few years ago with one of my kids and summed up my two years there this way: “That place made me what I am today. ”

【文章大意】本文主要叙述了作者自己在夏柏特社区学院学习的经历, 他把自己现在的一切都归功于这所社区学院. 10. Why did the writer finally go to Chabot College? A. Because he was too poor to afford university fee. B. Because he graduated from Skyline High School. C. Because he didn’t want to study in fine schools. D. Because Chabot College is a famous university.

【解析】选A.细节理解题.根据第一段可知, 作者选择了麻省理工学院(M. I. T. )和维拉诺瓦大学, 但自己明白这么好的大学根本不可能录取低分的学生, 再者当时也负担不起大学学费.最后作者去了夏柏特学院, 一所社区学院, 因为这所学院录取所有的学生, 而且学费全免. 11. What may the writer be according to the passage? A. An actor. B. A nurse C. A driver. D. A teacher.

【解析】选A.推理判断题.根据第三段中的. . . my major, theater arts和第五段的内容可知, 作者的专业是戏剧艺术, 由此可判断出A项正确.

【误区警示】本题可能会误选B, 依据是第二段中的The college had a

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nursing program that churned out graduates, 其实联系上下文可知这并不是作者所学的专业.

12. The underlined words “are desirous” in the third paragraph can be replaced by______. A. want

B. refuse D. continue

C. remember

【解析】选A.词义猜测题.根据上下文可知, 这句话的意思是: 同学中有士兵、中年男士和女士, 他们上学的目的是想要改善工作状况.故答案A项正确.

13. When the writer was in Chabot College, he______. A. got a job in the State University B. always drove a girl to the school C. saw a lot of plays for free D. was well prepared for a university

【解析】选D.细节理解题.根据第三段可知, 在夏柏特社区学院, 学生们达到基础教育的要求, 然后就可以进入一所综合性大学, 最终作者进入了州立大学, 由此可知, 在夏柏特社区学院作者为进入综合性大学做好了准备.

14. The writer wrote the passage to______. A. prove community colleges are the best B. prove he is a fine student at college C. show his respect for his teachers

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D. show his thanks to Chabot College

【解析】选D.目的意图题.根据文章内容可知, 作者主要叙述了自己在社区学院学习的经历, 最后一段最后一句话That place made me what I am today点明了作者写这篇文章的目的, 故答案D项正确.

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