英语常用同义词辨析

常用英语同义词辨析

在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面对常用的一些英语同义词进行辨析。 1.路

way: Wherever there is room for an object to proceed, there is a way. road: A road is a prepared way for traveling with horses or vehicles. path: A way suitable to be traveled only by foot passengers or by animals. route: A route is a line of travel, and may be over many roads.

street: A street is in some centre of habitation, as a city town or village, when it

passes between houses of dwellings.

avenue: A avenue is a long, broad and imposing(庄严) or principal street. 2.时代

(期,时期)period: It indicates any passage of time, great or small. / an extent of

time of any length.

the happiest period in my life我一生中最快乐的时期 a period of economic prosperity经济繁荣时期

time(s) (时代): It refers to a period in history.

in ancient times， in Victoria time (新时代)

epoch(纪元): It indicates a long period of time marked by events or development

of a particular kind.

The first flight into space marked a new epoch in the history of mankind.

era: It refers to a very long period of time marked by a particular feature. in a great new era of world revolution

age(时期): It shows a particular /a fairly definite period in history.

the Bronze Age, Iron Age

3.战斗

(打仗) fight: It is a bodily struggle

(奋斗,斗争)struggle: An effort of any kind to overcome difficulty. (战斗) battle: A fight between armed forces.

(战役) campaign: A series of related military operations in a war.

(战争) war: A period of fight between countries or states when weapons are used

and many people are killed.

(对抗) combat: A fight, conflict, controversy. 4.牧师

(教士,牧师)priest: A person, esp. a man specially trained for various religious

duties and ceremonies, in the Christian church, esp. in the Roman Catholic church

(牧师)minister: A member of clergy, esp. Protestant churches.

(牧师)clergy(pl): The officially appointed leader of the religious activities of a

particular church or temple.

clergyman: clergymen(pl) a member of clergy.

(牧师)pastor: A Christian religious leader in charge of a church and its members,

esp. in a Protestant church.

(教区牧师)vicar: A priest in charge of an area(parish) in the church of England. father: A little of respect for a priest, esp. in the Roman Catholic. 5.服装

clothing(collect): (formal) General term of clothes.

clothes(no singular): Coverings of the body such as coats, dresses, suits, shoes,

hats.

garment(formal): A suit of clothes used by actors./a single article of clothing. costume: 1) The fashion of dress peculiar to a people, nation, class, period, etc.

2) A dress worn by actors in a play.

uniform: worn by all members of the community.

dress: 1) A kind of outer garment worn by women (连衣裙).

2) worn on special occasions (礼服) evening dress/ morning dress suit: A set of outer clothes to be worn together. evening suit/swimming suit coat: A garment with sleeves worn on top of other clothes from rain, heat, etc. overcoat: A warm coat worn in the street. 6.哭

cry: The most general one. (哭泣) weep: To let flow tears.

(抽泣 抽嗒) sob: To weep or sigh with short quick breaths.

(哭天抹泪 涕泪交流) snivel: To sniffle and cry in a irritating manner.

(哭嚎 又哭又闹) blubber: To cry loudly noisily. (发出低声报怨声) whine: To make a low complaining cry. (嚎哭) bawl: To utter loud cries (always in bad sense). (痛哭) wail: To cry aloud from pain or sorrow.

(呻吟) moan: To make a low, miserable sound in pain or sorrow. (呻吟) grown: To make a low sound of pain, unhappiness or disapproval (哀悼) mourn: To feel or show sadness or sorrow for someone who has died. (哀悼) lament: To express great sorrow or regret. 7.美丽 漂亮

good-looking: Having an attractive appearance in a strong, healthy way used for

men and women not things.

beautiful: (a woman or a thing) Suggesting symmetry of features or perfection

of proportion, elegance and mobility.

beautiful flowers, a beautiful girl/voice/city/face beautiful weather.

handsome: Of attractive appearance applies to men.

a handsome fellow/actor/horse/buildings/young man.

pretty: (a girl, or a small thing) Suggesting liveliness and sweetness, pleasing or

nice to look at.

a pretty little woman/garden, a pretty girl/ picture/piece of music, lovely: (something) So beautiful that it makes you feel good to look at it or even

to think about it. The garden looks lovely.

fair: Beautiful( of woman in poet) light in color esp., skin hair.

gorgeous: (persons or things) (informal) Extremely beautiful or handsome. 8.拉 拖

pull: The most general one.

draw: It implies a smoother, steadier motion and generally a lighter force than

pull.

drag: It usually refers to horizontal motion or motion up an incline (slope) and it

suggests laborious efforts over rough ground or against friction, resistance or gravity.

The escaped prisoner was dragged out of his hiding place. haul: It implies continuous pulling or dragging of heavy or bulky objects. The fisherman is hauling a net.

tug: It applies to hard often sudden violent effort to pull. He tugged at my sleeve to ask directions. jerk: To pull suddenly.

He jerked out the knife that was stuck in the wound. tow: To pull by a rope or chain.

We towed the car to the nearest garage.

wrench: To pull hard with a twisting or turning movement. 9.旋转

turn: The most general one.

spin(自转): To turn quickly around a central point. It emphasizes the continuity

and waitresses work in restaurants ,hotels, cafe and snack bars. 男女服务员在餐馆，旅 馆，咖啡馆，快餐馆里招待顾客。

While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge peaches.

当我们在等咖啡的时候，那个领班侍者拎来满满一大篮子特大的桃子。 The millionaire had a staff of 30 servants. 这个富翁有仆从30名。 In poor countries, live-in servants are present in home not only of the wealthy but also of middle-class families.

在贫穷国家，不仅富裕家庭，而且中等阶级家庭也有常住的佣人。 The queen was always surrounded by her attendants. 女王身边总有仆从跟随。

The attendants went out backwards. 随从倒退着出了房间。 57. 发声的，口头的

? vocal(adj.)--“发声的”。指拥有发音的能力。

verbal(adj.)--“言辞的”。正式用语。指笔头表达。非正式英语中也表示

口头表达。

oral(adj.)--“口语的”。指口头表达和交流。

spoken(adj.)--“口语的”。指口头表达和交流，此时与oral一词无区别，

但spoken可以构成复合形容词，表示以一种特定方式讲话。

colloquial(adj.)--“口语的”。指普通的、非正式的通俗语言。 例：The snake is not a vocal creature. 蛇不是发声动物。 He was very vocal in his objections. 在反对时他嗓门很大。

Let's have oral practice. 让我们作口头练习。

You had an oral examination, didn't you? 你考了口试，是吗？ This word is used in spoken language. 这个词用于口语。 She is a soft-spoken woman. 她是一个说话柔和的女人。 This is a colloquial expression. 这是通俗用语。

He studies English colloquial style. 他研究口语体的英语。 58. 因为，由于

because: 表示直接造成的原因或理由，在这组同义词当中语气最强，常用于回答Why所引出的问句。E.g.:

He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.

as: 表示较为明显或被认为是已知的理由，语意不如because强，常翻译为“鉴于、由于”。E.g.:

As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.

for: 表示补充说明、解释或推理的原因，并无直接的因果关系，语意最弱，且少用于口语中，也不用于句首。E.g.:

I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. It must have rained last night, for the ground is so wet now. since: 表示大家都了解的原因，常译为“既然”。E.g.: Since the job is urgent, let’s start working at once. 59. 活的

alive: a postmodifier (后置修饰语) living: a premodifier (前置修饰语)

live: broadcast while actually being performed (现场直播的)；也可表示“活

生生的”。

E.g.: He is the greatest living scientist. He is the greatest scientist alive.

We’ll watch the live broadcast of the World Cup tonight. There is a dead fish among those live fishes. 60. 声音

voice: 嗓音，说话声或歌声。 sound: 泛指一切声音。 noise: 噪音、喧闹声、嘈杂声。

E.g.: He always speaks in a hoarse (嘶哑的) voice.

She is a soprano (女高音) with excellent voice. I can hear the sounds of bird singing in the morning. Don’t make any noise! 61. 除了

besides: 表示添加，“除??之外还??”，等同于in addition (to)，所除去的对象包括在整体内，在否定句中可与except/but互换。

except: 表示从同类的人或事物中除去一部分，所除去的不包括在整体内。

except for: 常用以表示对一个人或事物进行总体评价后再从某个细节、局部去修正观点，所排除的跟所提及的不属同一类别。 E.g.: Class Two will go for an autumn outing besides Class One.

I know nothing besides (=but/except) what I’ve told you. I can come any day except Thursday.

He is quite a good student except for his carelessness.

Your article is quite good except for a few mistakes in spelling and grammar. 62. 孤独的

alone: 表示客观上的“单独”或“唯有，仅有”，通常不作定语，只作表语或状语，可与by oneself互换。

lonely: 表示因单独生活、行动或没有亲朋伴侣而内心感到寂寞，既可作表语，也可作定语，带有浓厚的感情色彩。还可以表示某个地方比较“荒凉”。 E.g.: Though I lived alone, I didn’t feel lonely.

She is used to collective life and feels lonely when she if left alone. He lives in a lonely mountain village. 63. 拿

take: 从说话地点拿走

bring: 从别处把某人或某东西拿到说话地点来 fetch: 到别处去把某人或某物带来、取来，双程动作。 E.g.: Take this letter to the post office. He brought a friend with him. Fetch me a dictionary from the library. 64. 在……上面

on: 与物体接触的上方 over: 在正上方，直上

above: 泛指上方、高处 65. 在……下面

beneath: 与物体接触的下方，与on相对。 under: 在正下方，直下，与over相对。 below: 泛指下方、低处，与above相对。

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