计量经济学第三版庞皓课后习题答案

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3.1

(1)对百户拥有家用汽车量建立计量经济模型,用Eviews分析如下: ??Dependent Variable: Y Method: Least Squares Date: 05/24/15 Time: 22:28 Sample: 1 31 Included observations: 31

C 246.8540 51.97500 4.749476 0.0001 X2 5.996865 1.406058 4.265020 0.0002 X3 -0.524027 0.179280 -2.922950 0.0069 X4 -2.265680 0.518837 -4.366842 0.0002 R-squared 0.666062 Mean dependent var 16.77355

Adjusted R-squared 0.628957 S.D. dependent var 8.252535 S.E. of regression 5.026889 Akaike info criterion 6.187394 Sum squared resid 682.2795 Schwarz criterion 6.372424 Log likelihood -91.90460 Hannan-Quinn criter. 6.247709 F-statistic 17.95108 Durbin-Watson stat 1.147253 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000001

得到模型为

Y=246.8540+5.996865X2—0.524027X3—2.265680X4 对模型进行检验

1)可决系数是0.666062,修正的可决系数为0.628957,说明模型对样本拟合较好 2)F检验,F=17.95108>F(3.27)=3.65,回归方程显著。 3)t检验,t统计量分别为4.749476,4.265050,-2.922950,-4.366843,均大于t(27)=2,0518,所以这些系数都是显著的。 依据

1)可决系数越大,说明拟合程度越好

2)F的值与临界值比较,若大于临界值,则否定原假设,回归方程是显著的;若小于临界值,则接受原假设,回归方程不显著。

3)t的值与临界值比较,若大于临界值,则否定原假设,系数都是显著的;若小于临界值,则接受原假设,系数不显著。

(2)经济意义:人均GDP增加一万元,百户拥有家用汽车增加5.996865辆,城镇人口比重增加一个百分点,百户拥有家用汽车减少0.524047辆,交通工具消费价格指数每上升1,百户拥有家用汽车减少2.265680辆。

(3)模型改进:收集其他年份的截面数据进行分析

3.3

(1)用Eviews分析得 ??Dependent Variable: Y Method: Least Squares Date: 05/26/15 Time: 13:13 Sample: 1 18 Included observations: 18 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -50.48685 49.44365 -1.021099 0.3234 X 0.086214 0.029198 2.952725 0.0099 T 52.43607 5.176603 10.12943 0.0000 R-squared 0.951338 Mean dependent var 755.1222 Adjusted R-squared 0.944850 S.D. dependent var 258.7206 S.E. of regression 60.75813 Akaike info criterion 11.20269 Sum squared resid 55373.25 Schwarz criterion 11.35109 Log likelihood -97.82422 Hannan-Quinn criter. 11.22315 F-statistic 146.6246 Durbin-Watson stat 2.606756 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

①模型为:Y=-50.48685+0.086214X+52.43607T ②对模型进行检验:

1)可决系数是0.951338,修正的可决系数为0.944850,说明模型对样本拟合很好。 2)F检验,F=146.6246> F(2,15)=4.77,回归方程显著。

3)t检验,t统计量分别为2.952725,10.12943,均大于t(15)=2.131,所以这些系数都是显著的。

经济意义检验:模型估计结果说明,在假定其他变量不变的情况下,家庭月平均收入每增长1元,平均说来家庭书刊年消费支出会增长0.086214元;户主受教育年数每增长1年,平均说来家庭书刊年消费支出增加52.43607元。 (2)用Eviews分析: ①

Dependent Variable: Y Method: Least Squares Date: 05/28/15 Time: 22:30 Sample: 1 18 Included observations: 18 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. T 63.01676 4.548581 13.85416 0.0000 C -11.58171 58.02290 -0.199606 0.8443

R-squared 0.923054 Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared 0.918245 S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression 73.97565 Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid 87558.36 Schwarz criterion Log likelihood -101.9481 Hannan-Quinn criter. F-statistic 191.9377 Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 ②

Dependent Variable: X Method: Least Squares Date: 05/28/15 Time: 22:34 Sample: 1 18 Included observations: 18 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic T 123.1516 31.84150 3.867644 C 444.5888 406.1786 1.094565 R-squared 0.483182 Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared 0.450881 S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression 517.8529 Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid 4290746. Schwarz criterion Log likelihood -136.9753 Hannan-Quinn criter. F-statistic 14.95867 Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic) 0.001364 以上分别是Y与T,X与T的一元回归 模型分别是:

Y = 63.01676T - 11.58171 X = 123.1516T + 444.5888 (3)用Eviews分析结果如下: Dependent Variable: E1 Method: Least Squares Date: 05/29/15 Time: 20:39 Sample: 1 18 Included observations: 18 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic E2 0.086450 0.028431 3.040742 C 3.96E-14 13.88083 2.85E-15 R-squared 0.366239 Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared 0.326629 S.D. dependent var

755.1222 258.7206 11.54979 11.64872 11.56343 2.134043 Prob. 0.0014 0.2899 1942.933 698.8325 15.44170 15.54063 15.45534 1.052251

Prob. 0.0078 1.0000 2.30E-14 71.76693

S.E. of regression 58.89136 Akaike info criterion 11.09370 Sum squared resid 55491.07 Schwarz criterion 11.19264 Log likelihood -97.84334 Hannan-Quinn criter. 11.10735 F-statistic 9.246111 Durbin-Watson stat 2.605783 Prob(F-statistic) 0.007788 模型为:

E1 = 0.086450E2 + 3.96e-14

参数估计:斜率系数α为0.086450,截距v为3.96e-14

(4)由上分析可知,β2与α2的系数是一样的。回归系数与被解释变量的残差系数是一样的,它们的变化规律是一致的。 3.6

(1)预期估计各个参数的符号是X1,X2,X3,X4,X5的符号为正,X6的符号为负 (2)根据Eviews分析得到数据如下:

????Dependent Variable: Y Method: Least Squares Date: 05/27/15 Time: 22:40 Sample: 1994 2011 Included observations: 18

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. X2 0.001382 0.001102 1.254330 0.2336 X3 0.001942 0.003960 0.490501 0.6326 X4 -3.579090 3.559949 -1.005377 0.3346 X5 0.004791 0.005034 0.951671 0.3600 X6 0.045542 0.095552 0.476621 0.6422 C -13.77732 15.73366 -0.875659 0.3984 R-squared 0.994869 Mean dependent var 12.76667

Adjusted R-squared 0.992731 S.D. dependent var 9.746631 S.E. of regression 0.830963 Akaike info criterion 2.728738 Sum squared resid 8.285993 Schwarz criterion 3.025529 Log likelihood -18.55865 Hannan-Quinn criter. 2.769662 F-statistic 465.3617 Durbin-Watson stat 1.553294 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

①与预期不相符。

②评价:

可决系数为0.994869,可以认为拟合程度很好。 F检验,F=465.3617>F(5.12)=3,89,回归方程显著 T检验,X2,X3,X4,X5,X6 ,系数对应的t值分别为:1.254330,0.490501,-1.005377,0.951671,0.476621,均小于t(12)=2.179,所以所得系数都是不显著的。 (3)由Eviews分析得

????Dependent Variable: Y

Method: Least Squares Date: 05/27/15 Time: 22:42 Sample: 1994 2011 Included observations: 18

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. X5 0.001032 2.20E-05 46.79946 0.0000 X6 -0.054965 0.031184 -1.762581 0.0983 C 4.205481 3.335602 1.260786 0.2266 R-squared 0.993601 Mean dependent var 12.76667

Adjusted R-squared 0.992748 S.D. dependent var 9.746631 S.E. of regression 0.830018 Akaike info criterion 2.616274 Sum squared resid 10.33396 Schwarz criterion 2.764669 Log likelihood -20.54646 Hannan-Quinn criter. 2.636736 F-statistic 1164.567 Durbin-Watson stat 1.341880 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

①得到模型的方程为:

Y=0.001032 X5-0.054965 X6+4.205481 ②评价:

1) 可决系数为0.993601,拟合程度很好。

2) F检验,F=1164.567>F(5.12)=3,89,回归方程显著

3) T检验,X5 系数对应的t值为46.79946,大于t(12)=2.179,所以系数是显著的,

即人均GDP对年底存款余额有显著影响。 X6 系数对应的t值为-1.762581,小于t(12)=2.179,所以系数是不显著的,即居民消费价格指数对年底存款余额影响不显著。

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