新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译（1-10单元30篇） - 图文

新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

Unit

Catching crabs

atmosphere of the preceding summer semester, the impromptu ball games, the boating on the Charles River, the late-night parties had disappeared, and we all started to get our heads down, studying late, and attendance at classes rose steeply again. We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.

1-1 抓螃蟹

大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。 刚刚过去的夏季学期的轻松氛围、即兴球赛、查尔斯河上的泛舟以及深夜晚会都不见了踪影，我们开始埋头学习，苦读到深夜，课堂出勤率再次急剧上升。 我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。 当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。 我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。 以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。

还有别的事情让大家心情焦虑。 每个人都在心里盘算着过几个月毕业离校之后该找份什么样的工作。 并不总是那些心怀抱负、成绩拔尖的高材生才清楚自己将来要做什么，常常是那些平日里默默无闻的同学早早为自己下几个阶段的人生做好了规划。 有位同学在位于麦迪逊大道他哥哥的广告公司得到了一份工作，另一位同学写的电影脚本已经与好莱坞草签了合约。 我们当中野心最大的一位同学准备到地方上当一个政党活动家，我们都预料他最终会当上参议员或国会议员。 但大多数同学不是准备继续深造，就是想在银行、地方政府或其他单位当个白领，希望在20出头的时候能挣到足够多的薪水，过上舒适的生活，然后就娶妻生子，贷款买房，期望升职，过安稳日子。

感恩节的时候我回了一趟家，兄弟姐妹们免不了不停地问我毕业后有什么打算，我不知道该说什么。 实际上，我知道该说什么，但我怕他们批评我，所以只对他们说了别人都准备干什么。

父亲看着我，什么也没说。 夜深时，他叫我去他的书房。 我们坐了下来，他给我们俩各

1 In the fall of our final year, our mood changed. The relaxed 1.

2 But there was something else. At the back of everyone's 2. mind was what we would do next, when we left university in a few months' time. It wasn't always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. One had landed a job in his brother's advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script under provisional acceptance in Hollywood. The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. But most people were either looking to continue their studies, or to make a living with a white-collar job in a bank, local government, or anything which would pay them enough to have a comfortable time in their early twenties, and then settle down with a family, a mortgage and some hope of promotion.

3 I went home at Thanksgiving, and inevitably, my brothers 3. and sisters kept asking me what I was planning to do. I didn't know what to say. Actually, I did know what to say, but I thought they'd probably criticize me, so I told them what everyone else was thinking of doing.

4 My father was watching me but saying nothing. Late in the 4. evening, he invited me to his study. We sat down and he poured

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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

us a drink. 5 \ 6 \

7 \

5. 6. 7.

倒了杯饮料。 ―怎么样？‖他问。 ―啊，什么怎么样？‖

―你毕业后到底想做什么？‖他问道。 父亲是一名律师，我一直都认为他想让我去法学院深造，追随他的人生足迹，所以我有点儿犹豫。

过了会儿我回答说：―我想旅行，我想当个作家。‖

8 My father was a lawyer, and I had always assumed he 8. wanted me to go to law school, and follow his path through life. So I hesitated.

9 Then I replied, \ 9. 10 This was not the answer I thought he would expect.

Travel? Where? A writer? About what? I braced myself for 10. 我想这不是他所期待的答案。 旅行？去哪儿some resistance to the idea. 11 There was a long silence.

11. 接着是一段长长的沉默。

12 \

12. ―这想法有点意思，‖他最后说。

13 There was another long silence.

13. 接着又是一段长长的沉默。

14 \

14. ―我真有点希望自己在你这个年纪时能做这

15 I waited.

些事儿。‖

旅行？当作家？写什么呀？我做好了遭到他反对的心理准备。

16 \have plenty of time. You don't need to go into a 15. 我在等他把话说完。 career which pays well just at the moment. You need to find out

what you really enjoy now, because if you don't, you won't be 16. ―你还有很多时间，不必急于进入一个暂时报successful later.\

17 \

17. ―那我该怎么办？‖

18 He thought for a moment. Then he said, \it's late.

Let's take the boat out tomorrow morning, just you and me. 18. 他想了一会儿。 然后他说道：―瞧，现在太Maybe we can catch some crabs for dinner, and we can talk more.\

19 It was a small motor boat, moored ten minutes away, and

my father had owned it for years. Early next morning we set off 19. 那是一艘小小的机动船，停泊在离我们家约along the estuary. We didn't talk much, but enjoyed the sound of the seagulls and the sight of the estuary coastline and the sea beyond.

20 There was no surf on the coastal waters at that time of day,

so it was a smooth half-hour ride until my father switched off 20. 在这个时候沿海水域没什么风浪，船平稳地the motor. \rusty,

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酬高的行业。 你现在要搞清楚自己真正喜欢什么，如果你弄不清楚，以后就不可能成功。‖ 晚了。 我们明天早晨乘船出海去，就我们两个。 也许我们能抓点螃蟹当晚餐，我们还可以再谈谈。‖

十分钟路程的地方，是好些年前父亲买的。 次日清晨，我们沿着港湾出发，一路上没说多少话，只是默默地欣赏着海鸥的叫声，还有港湾沿岸和远处大海的景色。

航行了半个小时之后父亲把船停了下来。 他

新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

mesh basket with a rope attached and threw it into the sea. 21 We waited a while, then my father stood up and said,

说：―咱们在这儿试试运气吧，‖然后抓起一个系上绳子的生了锈的网状篓子抛到海里。

\me a hand with this,\and we hauled up the crab cage 21. 我们等了一会儿，父亲站起来对我说，―来帮onto the deck.

22 Crabs fascinated me. They were so easy to catch. It wasn't

just that they crawled into such an obvious trap, through a small 22. 螃蟹让我着迷，它们太容易抓了。 不仅仅是hole in the lid of the basket, but it seemed as if they couldn't be bothered to crawl out again even when you took the lid off. They just sat there, waving their claws at you.

23 The cage was brimming with dozens of soft shell crabs,

piled high on top of each other. \23. 篓子里挤满了几十只软壳螃蟹，一只压着一I wondered aloud to my father.

24 \watch them for a moment. Look at that one, there!

He's trying to climb out, but every time the other crabs pull him 24. ―你先观察一下，看那只螃蟹，那儿！它想爬back in,\

出去，但每次都被同伴拽了回去，‖父亲说。 只，堆得老高。 ―它们为什么不逃走啊？‖我满腹狐疑地问父亲。

因为它们顺着篓盖上的小孔爬进一个再明显不过的陷阱，更因为即便盖子打开了，它们似乎也懒得从里面爬出来，只会趴在那儿冲你挥动着蟹钳。

我一把。‖ 于是我们一起将蟹篓子拽上了甲板。

25 And we watched. The crab climbed up the mesh towards 25. 我们接着观察。 那只螃蟹顺着网眼向顶盖攀the lid, and sure enough, just as it reached the top, one of its fellow crabs reached out, clamped its claw onto any available leg, and pulled it back. Several times the crab tried to defy his fellow captives, without luck.

援，每当它爬到顶盖时，果然就会有另一只螃蟹举起蟹钳夹住它的腿把它拽下来。 这只螃蟹尝试了好几次想挣脱它的狱中同伴，但都没能成功。

26 \\26. ―快看！‖父亲说。 ―它开始对这种游戏感到with this game.\

不耐烦了。‖

27 Not only did the crab give up its lengthy struggle to escape, 27. 那只螃蟹不仅放弃了漫长的逃亡之战，而且but it actually began to help stop other crabs trying to escape. He'd finally chosen an easy way of life.

还帮着把其他想逃跑的螃蟹拽下来。 它最终选择了一种轻松的活法。

28 Suddenly I understood why my father had suggested 28. 我忽然明白了父亲为什么提议早上来抓螃catching crabs that morning. He looked at me. \back by the others,\you are and what you want in life. Look back at the classes you're taking, and think about which ones were most productive for you personally. Then think about what's really important to you, what really interests you, what skills you have. Try to figure out where you want to live, where you want to go, what you want to earn, how you want to work. And if you can't answer these questions now, then take some time to find out. Because if you don't, you'll never be happy.\ 29 He paused.

蟹。 他看着我说：―你可别被别人拽下来哦。 花点时间想想你是哪一类人，你这一生希望得到什么，回顾一下你在大学修的课程，想想有哪些课对你个人来说最有益。 然后再想想什么对你最重要，什么最使你感兴趣，你有什么技能。 琢磨一下你想在哪里生活，你想去哪里，想挣多少钱，想做什么样的工作。 如果你现在不能回答这些问题，你就得花点时间去找出答案。 你不这样做的话，永远都不会幸福的。‖ 29. 他停顿了一下。

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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

30 \ 31 \ 32 \ 33 \ 30. ―你想去旅行？‖他接着问我。 31. ―对，‖我回答说。 32. ―那就去申请护照吧。你想当作家？‖ 33. ―对。‖ 34 \choice. We've never had a writer in the 34. ―有趣的选择，我们家还没出过作家呢，‖他family,\ 35 My father started the motor and we set off back home. 说。 35. 我父亲发动了马达，我们返航回家。

Unit 1-2 We are all dying 我们都在走向死亡 1 I have some good news and some bad news for you (as the 1. 我给你带来一条好消息，还有一条坏消息。 坏消息是：我们都在走joke goes). The bad news—and I'm very sorry to be the （正如笑话所说的）bearer—is that we are all dying. It's true. I've checked it out. In 向死亡——很抱歉是我带来了这条坏消息。 这可是真的，我已经核实过了，事实上我已经三fact, I've double- and triple-checked it. I've had it substantiated 番五次地核实过了。 我也找到了证据，可是要and, well, there's no easy way to say it, we are dying. It's 说出这个事实实在是不容易，不过我们的确都something that I always kind of knew, but never really chose to 在走向死亡。 这件事我过去多少知道一点，但think about too much. But the fact is, within the next 70 or 80 不愿过多地去想它。 但事实是，再过70年或years—depending on how old you are and how long you 80年——这要取决于你现在年龄有多大，寿命last—we are all going to be either coffin dwellers or trampled ash 有多长——我们都会躺到棺材里，或者变成某in the rose garden of some local cemetery. We may not even last 个地方公墓玫瑰园里的灰尘，被人践踏。 我们that long. After all, we never quite know when the hooded, 甚至活不到这么老。 毕竟，我们从来就不清楚scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last-breath might come-a-calling. 那位戴着头巾、手持长柄镰刀、命人吐出最后It could be sooner than we'd like. I have watched death from the 一口气的死神什么时候会来召唤我们，有可能会比我们希望的要早。 其实我最近就曾经从局sidelines, quite recently in fact, and nothing underlines the 外人的角度观察过死亡，没有什么比朋友的早uncertainty and absolute frailty of humanity like the untimely exit 逝更能表明人生的无常和生命的脆弱了。 of a friend. 2 Scary. 3 Now that I have depressed you, here's the good news. Knowing that we are all budding crypt-kickers takes away all the uncertainty of life. We already know how the story ends. The prologue and epilogue are already typed in. All that's left is the middle bit and that's down to us. We get to choose the meat of the story. 4 So, all those plans that you have on the back burner, you 4 / 64

2. 真可怕。 3. 我已经让你够沮丧的了，现在告诉你那条好消息吧：知道了我们都在走向坟墓，我们就不再有人生无常的感觉了。 我们已经知道故事的结局，开场白和尾声也都确定了，剩下的就是介于两者之间的那些事儿了，这些事是我们作得了主的。 我们必须挑选故事情节。 4. 所以，那些被你搁置在一边的计划，即那些―当时机成熟时‖你会用生命来完成的伟大事业 新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

know, the great things you're going to do with your life \怎么办呢？可我发现时机永远不会有成熟的时time is right\候。 时间必须提前，必须马上行动，就在这一to be brought forward and done now, this minute, pronto, in a 刻，不能拖延，必须赶紧，而且越快越好。 不

管是你想写的小说，还是你一直在筹划的去大

hurry, as quick as your little legs will carry you. The novel that

峡谷的旅行，你心仪的工作，你想导演的伦敦

you want to write, the trip to the Grand Canyon you've always

西区话剧，你都必须现在就去做。 知道吗？我

planned to take, your mind's-eye dream-job, the West End play

们都在走向死亡。 这是已经定了的。

you want to direct—you have to do them now. We're dying, see. It's official.

5 So putting your dreams on the back burner until the circumstances are right means that they'll probably never be realized. Our only regrets in life are the things we don't do. We owe it to ourselves to go out and do them now before it's too late. Tomorrow? It's all a lie; there isn't a tomorrow. There's only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. It doesn't even exist. When you wake up in the morning it'll be today again and all the same rules will apply. Tomorrow is just another version of now, an empty field that will remain so unless we start planting some seeds. Your time, which is ticking away as we speak (at about 60 seconds a minute chronologically; a bit faster if you don't invest your time wisely), will be gone and you'll have nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of \

6 Have you ever noticed when you go to a buffet restaurant how they give you a bowl the size of a saucer and then say, \as much salad as you like but you can only go up once\like that small salad bowl. Like the hungry people waiting for their main course, we can cram as much into that tiny bowl as we can carry. I love watching people ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side of the bowl—like they're filling a skip—and then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklift truck to get it back to the table. They're not greedy. They just know that they only have one shot at it.

5. 因此，把自己的梦想搁置起来，等到时机成熟之后才开始实现它，这就意味着梦想可能永远都不会实现。 人生的遗憾莫过于还有事情没有做，我们有必要现在就去做这些事，不然就晚了。 明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。 明天甚至压根儿就不存在。 你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。 明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。 你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下嘀嗒嘀嗒地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了―本可以做‖、―本应该做‖、―本来会做‖的事情。 6. 你是否注意过，自助餐馆里服务员会给你一个茶杯碟大小的碗，并告诉你：―你想盛多少沙拉都可以，但只能盛一次‖？生活就像那只盛沙拉的碗，我们可以和那些饥肠辘辘等着主菜的人一样在那只小碗里装上尽可能多的沙拉。 我喜欢看人们巧妙地把黄瓜片插在沙拉碗的四周——就像往废料桶里堆东西那样——把沙拉堆得老高老高，最后不得不雇个叉车把沙拉拉回餐桌。 他们不是贪婪，而是明白自己只有一次机会。

7. 把你的碗盛满吧，我们在这个世上只走一遭，既然来了就好好利用这短暂的一生，就像

7 Fill your bowl. We come this way but once so let's make the 我们牢牢抓住一年一度去佛罗里达或西班牙度

假的机会那样。 在短暂的人生中填入尽可能多

best of the short stay. Like the once-a-year holiday to Florida or

的内容吧。 确保每天回家后你都会因为干了很

Spain. Fit as much into the short time there as you can. Make sure

多事而感到精疲力尽。

that you go back home knackered because you got so much done.

8. 如果你不想当邮递员就别当邮递员，放弃这

8 If you don't want to be a postman then don't be a postman. 份工作去当个画家、作家、滑雪运动员，干什Give it up and be a painter, a writer, a tobogganist, whatever. Just 么都行。 千万不要干自己明明就不喜欢的事don't be something that you patently do not want to be. 情。 9 And now is the time, not tomorrow. There is no time like the 9. 现在就开始行动吧，不要等到明天。 没有present. If you can't have what you want this very second the least 比现在更好的时间了。 如果在这一刻你不能得

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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

you can do is start the journey now, this minute, while the 到你想得到的东西，你至少可以趁灵感还在的inspiration is high. We all have the same amount of minutes, we 时候马上开始你的旅程，即刻起程。 我们有同all get the same 24 hours as Branson and Gates. It's just what we 样多的时间，我们和布兰森以及盖茨一样，每天都有24个小时。 决定我们这一生成败的是do with our time, how we invest it, that determines where our 我们把时间花在什么事情上，是我们如何来分lives may lead. 配时间。 10 So what I'm thinking is (and this is not molecular science) if we are dying and our allotted time is finite, why the hell aren't we doing all the things we want to do NOW? What's all this back-burner stuff? And why are we all waiting for the right time when we already know that the right time isn't going to show? The right time is the cheque that's permanently in the post, it never arrives. It's the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like a spanner. No amount of clock watching will change the inevitable. She's stood us up. 11 We wait; the right time never arrives. 12 So I say stop waiting and meet providence halfway. Start 10. 因此，我正在琢磨的是（这可不是分子科学）：如果我们正在走向死亡，而且分配给我们的时间是有限的，那么我们到底有什么理由不现在就去做所有想做的事情呢？ 这些被暂时搁置的事情到底又是什么呢？ 为什么明明知道成熟的时机永远不会到来，而我们却都还在等待呢？ 成熟的时机是一张支票，它永远都在邮寄的路上，永远都不会到来。 它就是那位让我们在合作社旁边像桥墩那样站着傻等的女孩，我们再怎么看表也无济于事，她失约了。 11. 我们傻等着，而成熟的时机却永远不会到来。 filling your life with the riches on offer so that when the reaper 12. 所以我要说，别再等待了，走到路上去迎接arrives, you'll have achieved so much, crammed your time so full 天意。 开始给你的生活增添所有你能得到的财that he'll fall asleep waiting for your life to flash before your eyes. 富，这样当死神到来时，你已经完成了那么多事，你的一生是那么的充实。 当生命在你眼前13 Act now or your time will elapse and you'll end up as a 回放时，死神等着等着就睡着了。 sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to in a dusty 13. 现在就行动吧，不然你的时间会流逝的，而photo album. 你最终将成为尘封的相册里的一位谁都叫不上14 Better to leave a biography as thick as a whale omelette than 名字的灰头土脸的穷亲戚。 an epitaph. 15 \Joe Smith ... hmmm. He didn't do much, did he?\ 14. 还是给人间留下一本像大煎蛋饼那么厚的传记吧，那可比仅仅留下一块碑铭强。 15. ―乔 ? 史密斯…… 嘿嘿，他没干过什么，对吧？‖

Unit 1-3 Rites of passage 通过仪式 生活是否如同对生活持宿命论看法的美国1 Is life just \1. author Elbert Hubbard wrote a hundred years ago, taking a rather 作家阿尔伯特 ? 哈伯德在一百年前所描述的那fatalistic viewpoint? Or is it an obstacle race, in which the 样，是―该死的事情一桩接着一桩‖？抑或是一contestants—human beings everywhere—have to show their 场障碍赛跑，其间每个参赛者，即世界各地的人们，不得不在生命的各个重要阶段展现自己6 / 64

新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

worth at certain crucial stages of their lives? 的价值？

莎士比亚的戏剧《皆大欢喜》中那个悲伤

2 The sad clown Jacques in Shakespeare's play As You Like It 2.

suggests that there are \的小丑雅克认为，人的一生要经历―七个年龄phenomenon of rites of passage in almost every society confirms 段‖，几乎每个社会都有的通过仪式也证明，我that we prefer to think of life in terms of these stages, such as 们往往是把生命分为这几个阶段来看待的，比childhood, middle age and old age.

如童年、中年和老年。

通过仪式是社会对个人从一个阶段走向另

3 A rite of passage is a formal recognition of change, imposed 3.

by society, of a move from one stage to another, the most 一阶段的正式的认可，其中被广泛认同的是由universally recognized one being the transition between childhood 少年步入成年时举行的成年礼。 成年礼有多种and adulthood. This can take very different forms. For example, in 形式。 例如，在犹太传统中，人生最重要的时Jewish tradition one of the most important moments in a person's 刻之一就是―犹太男孩成人仪式‖，人们为年满life, marked by a religious ceremony and a family feast, is the Bar 13岁的孩子举办宗教仪式和家宴，这标志着从Mitzvah, when children become responsible for their actions—at 此以后这个孩子要对自己的行为负责了。 13the age of 13. This is roughly the same age that children can be 岁也恰恰是许多国家规定开始承担法律责任的held legally responsible in many countries.

年龄。

美国中学生活结束前的毕业舞会是另一种

4 A very different rite of passage is the tradition of the prom at 4.

the end of American high school. This is a dance with a difference. 截然不同的通过仪式。 这次舞会非同寻常，学Students have to wear formal clothes—many for the first time in 生们不仅穿着正式（许多学生平生第一次这么their lives—and it is usual to hire an expensive limousine to arrive 穿），他们通常还乘坐着一辆租来的豪华轿车at the prom. It is as if, for one night, they behave like adults twice 到达舞会现场。 就在那一天晚上，他们似乎要their age—or at least look older than they really are.

5 Perhaps one of the most interesting rites of passage is the walkabout of Australian aborigines, when adolescents would be 5.

世界上最有趣的通过仪式之一或许就是澳

required to spend about six months walking alone through the 洲原住民的―徒步旅行‖了，还处于青春期的少wilderness, following the paths of their ancestors along the age-old 年必须在野外独自行走六个月，沿着划定国土\which mapped out the country. In so doing they 疆域的―歌之版图‖追寻祖先的足迹。 通过这样penetrated the heart of aboriginal culture—the oldest continuous 的仪式，他们深入到土著文化这一世界上最古culture in the world—and, in the process, discovered themselves 老而持久的文化的精髓之中，并在这一过程中too.

发现自我。

表现得和年龄是他们两倍的成年人一样，至少是看上去要比自己的实际年龄老。

Unit 2-1 Superman 超 人 战争爆发的那一年，我在温斯罗普的安1 The year the war began I was in the fifth grade at the Annie 1. F. Warren Grammar School in Winthrop, and that was the 妮 ? F. 沃伦文法学校读五年级，那年冬天我获得winter I won the prize for drawing the best Civil Defense signs. 了民防图标设计赛的冠军。 也就是在那个冬天，That was also the winter of Paula Brown's new snowsuit, and 波拉 ? 布朗买了新的防雪服，即便是13年后的even now, 13 years later, I can recall the changing colors of 今天，我仍然能清晰地记起那些精彩纷呈的日7 / 64

新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

those days, clear and definite as a pattern seen through a 子，它们历历在目，犹如万花筒里看到的图案那kaleidoscope.

样色彩斑斓。

我的家位于城里靠海湾的一侧，在洛根机场

2 I lived on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, 2.

opposite the Logan Airport, and before I went to bed each night, 对面的约翰逊大道上。 每天晚上睡觉前，我都I used to kneel by the west window of my room and look over 会跪在卧室朝西的窗户旁，眺望黑幽幽的海水那the lights of Boston that blazed and blinked far off across the 边波士顿城明亮闪烁的灯光。夕阳将粉色的余晖darkening water. The sunset flaunted its pink flag above the 洒在机场上空，浪涛的声音永远淹没在一架架飞airport, and the sound of waves was lost in the perpetual droning 机永无休止的嗡嗡声中。 我惊奇地望着跑道上of the planes. I marveled at the moving beacons on the runway 的移动信标，看着那些闪烁的红灯、绿灯像流星and watched, until it grew completely dark, the flashing red and 般升起、降落，直到机场变得一片漆黑为止。 机green lights that rose and set in the sky like shooting stars. The 场就是我的麦加，我的耶路撒冷。 我整夜都在airport was my Mecca, my Jerusalem. All night I dreamed of 做梦，梦见自己在空中飞行。 flying.

3.

那正是我梦想斑斓的岁月。 妈妈认为我需

3 Those were the days of my technicolor dreams. Mother 要大量的睡眠，所以我每天上床睡觉时一点儿都believed that I should have an enormous amount of sleep, and 不觉得累。 那是一天中最美好的时光，我可以so I was never really tired when I went to bed. This was the best 躺下，在昏暗的暮色中慢慢进入梦乡，脑子里制time of the day, when I could lie in the vague twilight, drifting 造出许多奇异的梦来。 我的飞行梦像达利的风off to sleep, making up dreams inside my head the way they 景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊should go. My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by 吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从天空中摔下来，Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a 虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and 喘不过气来。 当超人开始侵入我的梦乡，并教caught myself on the soft bed just in time. These nightly 给我飞行的技巧之后，我每夜的太空冒险便开始adventures in space began when Superman started invading my 了。 超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服，肩披随风飕飕dreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by 作响的斗篷，经常从我身边呼啸而过。他长得太in his shining blue suit with his cape whistling in the wind, 像我的舅舅弗兰克了，舅舅那会儿正跟妈妈和我looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with 住在一起。 当超人的斗篷神奇地旋转时，我好mother and me. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear 像能听见上百只海鸥的振翅声，上千架飞机的马the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of a thousand 达轰鸣声。 planes.

4.

我不是这个街区里唯一的超人崇拜者，在街

4 I was not the only worshipper of Superman in our block. 的另一头，那个脸色苍白、有点书呆子气的男孩David Stirling, a pale, bookish boy who lived down the street, 儿戴维 ? 斯特令和我一样，热爱飞行的纯粹的诗shared my love for the sheer poetry of flight. Before supper 意。 每天晚饭前，我们一起收听电台的超人故every night, we listened to Superman together on the radio, and 事，白天在上学的路上，我们自己设计出各种各during the day we made up our own adventures on the way to 样的冒险活动。 school.

5.

安妮 ? F. 沃伦文法学校是一座红砖楼，座

5 The Annie F. Warren Grammar School was a red-brick 落在远离主干道的一条黑色柏油街道上，学校四building, set back from the main highway on a black tar street, 周是光秃秃的铺着碎石的操场。 戴维和我发现surrounded by barren gravel playgrounds. Out by the parking lot 学校外面停车场附近有一个角落，那里是我们玩David and I found the perfect alcove for our Superman dramas. 超人游戏的绝佳场所。 那条长长的过道通向学The dingy back entrance to the school was deep-set in a long 校又黑又脏的后门，非常适合玩意外抓捕和快速passageway which was an excellent place for surprise captures 解救的游戏。

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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

and sudden rescues. 6. 课间休息时，我和戴维可以大展身手了。 我

们对在碎石操场上打棒球的男孩儿们视而不见，

6 During recess, David and I came into our own. We ignored 也不搭理那些在小山谷里一边玩躲球游戏一边

the boys playing baseball on the gravel court and the girls 咯咯傻笑的女孩儿们。 超人游戏让我们变得像giggling at dodge-ball in the dell. Our Superman games made us 两个逃犯似的，但也给了我们一种虚幻的优越outlaws, yet gave us a sense of windy superiority. We even 感，我们甚至找谢尔登 ? 费恩来充当恶棍。他是found a stand-in for a villain in Sheldon Fein, the sallow 街区里一个脸色苍白、胆小怕事的孩子，没有男mamma's boy on our block who was left out of the boys' games 孩儿愿意和他玩，因为一有人追他他就哭，而且because he cried whenever anybody tagged him and always 老是自己摔倒在地，擦伤他那胖胖的膝盖。 managed to fall down and skin his fat knees.

7.

一开始我们还得教谢尔登怎么扮演他的角

7 At first, we had to prompt Sheldon in his part, but after a 色，可没过多久他就变成了一位发明虐刑的专while he became an expert on inventing tortures and even 家，甚至私下里悄悄实施他的刑罚。 他常常扯carried them out in private, beyond the game. He used to pull 下苍蝇的翅膀，揪掉蚱蜢的腿，并把这些残废了the wings from flies and the legs off grasshoppers, and keep the 的昆虫囚禁在瓶子里，藏到床底下，这样他就可broken insects captive in a jar hidden under his bed where he 以偷偷把它们拿出来，看着它们痛苦挣扎的样could take them out in secret and watch them struggling. David 子。 戴维和我只在课间休息的时候和谢尔登玩，and I never played with Sheldon except at recess. After school 放学后我们就让他回家跟他的妈妈、棒棒糖以及we left him to his mamma and his bonbons and his helpless 那些无助的昆虫为伴。 insects.

8.

那时候，弗兰克舅舅住在我们家，等着参军。

8 At the time my Uncle Frank was living with us while 我肯定他和隐姓埋名的超人长得特别像。 戴维

waiting to be drafted, and I was sure that he bore an 却看不出我舅舅和超人有多么相像，但他承认弗extraordinary resemblance to Superman incognito. David 兰克舅舅是他这辈子所见过的最强壮的人，而且couldn't see the likeness as clearly as I did, but he admitted that 他会变很多戏法，比如用餐巾一盖上糖果，糖就Uncle Frank was the strongest man he had ever known, and 没了，他还能倒立行走。 could do lots of tricks like making caramels disappear under napkins and walking on his hands.

Unit 2-2 Cultural Childhoods 不同文化的童年 1 When I look back on my own childhood in the 1970s and 1. 每当我回顾20世纪七八十年代我的童年1980s and compare it with children today, it reminds me of that 时光，并将它与现在孩子的童年相比较时，famous sentence \past is a foreign country: They do things 就会想起句名言：―往昔是异国他乡，那里有differently there\(from L. P. Hartley's novel The Go-Between). 着不同的习俗（‖可参见L.P.哈特利的小说《传Even in a relatively short period of time, I can see the enormous 信人》） 。甚至在相对短暂的一段时间内，transformations that have taken place in children's lives and in the 我也能够察觉到儿童的生活以及人们对待儿ways they are thought about and treated. 童的方式上所经历的巨大变化。 2 Looking further back I can see vast differences between 2. 回顾更久远的岁月，我可以看到现在和contemporary and historical childhoods. Today, children have few 古代童年生活的巨大差别。如今的儿童责任9 / 64

新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

responsibilities, their lives are characterized by play not work, school 很少，他们生活的主要内容是玩耍而非工作，not paid labour, family rather than public life and consumption 上学而非劳动，在家里呆着而不是和外界交instead of production. Yet this is all relatively recent. A hundred 往，消费而非生产。这种变化也是最近才显years ago, a 12 year old working in a factory would have been 现出来的。一百年前，12 岁的孩子在工厂打perfectly acceptable. Now, it would cause social services' 工是完全可以接受的事情，而现在，这会招intervention and the prosecution of both parents and factory owner. 3 The differences between the expectations placed on children

today and those placed on them in the past are neatly summed up by 3. 有两位美国作家，芭芭拉·埃伦里奇和迪two American writers, Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English. 尔德丽·英格利希，她们简要地概括了过去和Comparing childhoods in America today with those of the American 现在人们对儿童的期待的差异。在比较美国colonial period (1600–1776), they have written: \现在的儿童和殖民地时期（1600–1776）的儿old who can tie his or her shoes is impressive. In colonial times, 童时，她们写道：―今天，如果一个四岁的孩four-year-old girls knitted stockings and mittens and could produce 子能自己系鞋带就很了不起了。而在殖民地intricate embroidery: At age six they spun wool. A good, industrious 时期，四岁的女孩会织长筒袜和连指手套，little girl was called 'Mrs instead of 'Miss' in appreciation of her 能做复杂的刺绣，六岁就能纺毛线了。一个contribution to the family economy: She was not, strictly speaking, a 善良勤快的女孩被称为?夫人‘而不是?小姐‘，child.\

4 These changing ideas about children have led many social

scientists to claim that childhood is a \4. 对儿童的看法不断变化着，这使得许多this term to mean that understandings of childhood are not the same 社会科学家宣称童年是一种―社会建构‖。他everywhere and that while all societies acknowledge that children 们用这个术语来说明不同的地区对童年的理are different from adults, how they are different and what 解是不一样的，虽然所有社会都承认儿童与expectations are placed on them, change according to the society in 成年人有区别，至于他们之间有何不同，人which they live.

5 Social anthropologists have shown this in their studies of

peoples with very different understandings of the world to Western 5. 社会人类学家在研究那些跟西方国家持ones. Jean Briggs has worked with the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic 有不同世界观的民族时也表明了这个观点。and has described how, within these commUnit ies, growing up is 琼·布里格斯研究过加拿大北极地区的伊努伊largely seen as a process of acquiring thought, reason and 特人，她描述了在这些社会群落中成长是怎understanding (known in Inuit as ihuma). Young children don't 样大体上被看成是一个获得思想、理性和理possess these qualities and are easily angered, cry frequently and are 解力（伊努伊特人称之为 ihuma）的过程。incapable of understanding the external difficulties facing the 小孩子不具备这些素质，所有才容易生气，commUnit y, such as shortages of food. Because they can't be 常常会哭，无法理解群落所面临的诸如食物reasoned with, and don't understand, parents treat them with a great 短缺之类的外在困难。由于无法跟他们讲理，deal of tolerance and leniency. It's only when they are older and 即便讲了他们也不明白，父母对他们很宽容、begin to acquire thought that parents attempt to teach them or 很温和。一直要等到他们年龄大一点，并开discipline them.

6 In contrast, children on the Pacific island of Tonga, studied by

Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by their parents and older 6. 相反，根据海伦·莫顿的研究，太平洋岛siblings. They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults 国汤加的儿童经常挨父母和哥哥姐姐的打。because they lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or 人们认为儿童和成年人相比更像疯子，因为poto as the Tongans call it). They are regularly told off for being 他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力（汤加人称

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来社会服务机构的介入，其父母和工厂主会被起诉。

这是为了表彰她对家庭经济的贡献，严格说来她不是一个孩子了。

们对儿童又有何期待，不同的社会给出了不一样的答案。

始有自己的思想时，父母才会尝试着去管教他们，约束他们。

新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shouted at, or 之为 poto）。小孩子经常因为笨手笨脚而挨beaten. Children are thought of as mischievous; they cry or want to 骂，他们连摔跤都会被嘲笑、呵斥，甚至被feed simply because they are naughty, and beatings are at their most 打。人们认为儿童很顽皮，都是因为淘气他severe betweenthe ages of three and five when children are seen as 们才哭闹，或者要东西吃。在大人看来，三particularly wilful. Parents believe that social competence can only 至五岁的儿童尤其任性，因此他们打这个年be achieved through discipline and physical punishment, and treat 龄段的孩子也打得最狠。父母们相信，只有their children in ways that have seemed very harsh to outsiders.

靠训导和体罚才能使孩子获得社会能力，所以他们用一种在外人看来非常严厉的方式对

7 In other cases, ideas about children are radically different. For 待孩子。 example, the Beng, a small ethnic group in West Africa, assume that

very young children know and understand everything that is said to 7. 在其他的例子中，有关儿童的观念则截them, in whatever language they are addressed. The Beng, who've 然不同。例如，西非的一个叫孟加拉的很小been extensively studied by another anthropologist, Alma Gottlieb, 的族群认为，不管说什么、用什么语言说，believe in a spirit world where children live before they are born and 小孩子都能听明白，并且能理解。另一位人where they know all human languages and understand all cultures. 类学家阿尔玛·戈特利布对孟加拉族进行了广Life in the spirit world is very pleasant and the children have many 泛的研究，孟加拉族人认为小孩子出生前居friends there and are often very reluctant to leave it for an earthly 住在灵界，在那里他们通晓人类所有的语言，family (a fictional account of a spirit child's journey between the 能理解所有的文化。灵界的生活很惬意，小spirit and the earthly world is given in Ben Okri's novel, The 孩子在那里有很多朋友，他们通常极不愿意Famished Road). When they are born, they remain in contact with 离开那儿，来到地球上的家庭中（本·奥克雷this other world for several years, and may decide to return there if 的小说《饥饿之路》就描述了一个小孩在灵they are not properly looked after. So parents treat young children 界和人世之间往返的故事） 。他们出生后仍with great care so that they're not tempted to return, and also with 然与那个世界保持长达数年的联系，如果没some reverence, because they're in contact with the spirit world in a 有得到良好的照顾，他们就可能要返回灵界。way that adults aren't.

因此，父母们悉心照料孩子，以免他们受到诱惑，回归灵界，而且对他们也有几分敬畏，

8 There's a tendency to view children in the UK, and in the 因为他们具备大人所不具备的通灵的本领。 Western world in general, as incompetent and dependent. But this

isn't the case throughout the world. In many societies children work 8. 在英国及其他西方国家，越来越多的人and contribute to the family in whatever way they can from a very 认为儿童缺乏能力，依赖性强。但也不是全early age. A good example of this is childcare. In the UK, it is illegal 世界的人都持这种看法。在很多社会里孩子for a child under the age of 14 to look after another child 从小就开始工作，寻找各种机会为家里挣钱。unsupervised,

because

they're

deemed

incompetent

and 以看管孩子为例，在英国，14岁以下的儿童

irresponsible. In other cultures, this is not the case. Michelle Johnson 在没有成人监督的情况下照看其他孩子是非has written about the Fulani of West Africa describing how by the 法的，因为人们认为他们缺少看孩子的能力age of four, girls are expected to be able to care for their younger 和责任心。而在其他文化里，情况并非如此。siblings, fetch water and firewood and by the age of six will be 米歇尔·约翰逊曾写过西非的富拉尼族女孩四pounding grain, producing milk and butter and selling these 岁就得照看年幼的弟弟妹妹，要打水、拾柴，alongside their mothers in the market.

9 Across the world, among the Yanamam? of the Amazonian

rainforest, another anthropologist, Napoleon Chagnon, has shown 9. 另一位人类学家拿破仑·沙尼翁证实了在how different these children's childhoods are from Western ones, 世界的另一端，地处亚马逊雨林的亚那马莫and also how differently boys and girls grow up in comparison with 族孩子的童年与西方孩子的童年有什么不other parts of the world. He has written how a Yanamam? girl is 同，以及那里的男孩儿女孩儿们跟世界其他expected to help her mother from a young age and by the age of ten 地方的男孩儿女孩儿的成长方式的差异。他

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六岁就得舂米、挤奶、做黄油，并和妈妈一起到市场上去贩卖这些东西。

新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

will be running a house. By the age of 12 or 13 she is probably 写道，亚那马莫族女孩儿很小就得帮妈妈做married and will have started to have babies. Boys on the other hand, 家务，到十岁就开始管家。到十二、三岁时have far fewer responsibilities. They don't marry until later than girls 可能就结婚生子了。男孩儿的责任则要少得and are allowed to play well into their teens. Western notions of 多，他们比女孩儿晚结婚，可以玩到十八九childhood simply do not \in these cases, where children's 岁。西方的童年观在这里根本不适用，因为competence and responsibilities are understood very differently. 10 Social anthropologists ask questions about how childhood,

and the role of children, is seen within the commUnit ies they study, 10. 社会人类学家探寻的是在他们所研究的rather than how it fits into Western ideas about childhood. By doing 族群里人们是如何看待童年，以及儿童扮演this they seek to avoid imposing outside ideas onto people with very 的角色问题，而不是研究那些地区的童年观different understandings of the world or of making value judgments 是否符合西方的观念。他们这么做是为了避on other people's ways of raising their children. While Westerners 免把外界的观念强加给那些持不同世界观的might take exception to eight- year-old girls working or to 人身上，或者是为了避免对其他民族养育孩12-year-old girls marrying, within their own commUnit ies such 子的方式作价值观方面的判断。西方人可能activities are seen as a normal and positive part of childhood. Indeed, 会反对八岁的女孩儿打工，反对12岁的女孩seen through the eyes of non-Westerners, many \结婚，但在他们自己的族群里，这些事情被childcare practices are seen as extremely bizarre and possibly 视为童年生活的一个积极的常态。的确，在harmful to children. Placing children in rooms of their own, refusing 非西方人看来，许多―正常的‖西方育儿方式to feed them on demand, or letting them cry rather than 极其怪异，可能对孩子是有害的。让孩子在immediately tending to them, are viewed very negatively in many 自己的屋里呆着，想吃东西的时候不给他们societies and lead some to think that Westerners don't know how to 吃，或者任由他们哭闹而不赶快去安抚他们，look after children properly.

11 Childhood is a changing social phenomenon, of continual

fascination and concern. Looking at it from a cross-cultural 11. 童年是一种处于变化之中的社会现象，perspective shows the wide variety of childhoods that exist across 具有持续的吸引力，并且不断受到关注。从the world and warns against interfering in or criticizing people 跨文化角度来看待这个问题能展示出世界上whose lives, and understandings of the world, are very different to 各种各样的童年生活，并警示我们不要随意our own. All societies recognize that children are different to adults 干涉或指责那些生活方式及世界观跟我们不and have particular qualities and needs; what anthropologists and 一样的人。所有的社会都承认儿童和成年人other social scientists are interested in are the ideas that each society 是不同的，他们有自己独特的品性和需求；has about the nature of childhood and the impact these views have 人类学家和社会科学家感兴趣的是每个社会on children's lives.

对儿童的天性都有什么样的看法，以及这些看法又如何影响儿童的生活。

这些在很多社会里都是不对的事情，会让人觉得西方人根本不懂得如何照看孩子。 这里的人们对儿童的能力和责任有着完全不同的理解。

Unit 2-3 Childhood around the world 世界各地的童年 1 My Jewish grandmother used to live close by. She was a 1. 以前，我的犹太奶奶和我住得很近。 她marvelous cook and there would always be something happening in 做得一手好菜，厨房里从来没有消停的时候。 12 / 64

新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

the kitchen. When a religious festival was approaching, she used to 每逢宗教节日临近，她都要忙上一整天，为家be busy all day preparing a sumptuous family dinner for the 人准备丰盛的晚宴。 小时候我一直和爷爷奶evening. As a child, I would often stay with my grandparents and so 奶在一起，也就成了奶奶的帮厨。 那时我对I was her helper. I used to feel really proud going to the larder to 自己能到储藏室把鸡蛋完好无损地取回来感fetch the eggs, carrying them back carefully so as not to drop them. 到非常自豪。 储藏室里五味俱全，里面有面The larder smelled of everything all at once, flour, spices, honey, 粉、香料、蜂蜜、食用油、柴禾。 我总在观oil, wood. I would watch her every move and she would describe 察奶奶的动作，她会把手头的每一样活都细细everything she was doing in detail so that I would learn.―Pass me 地给我解释，教我怎么做。 她经常会说―把那that fella there‖, she would said, pointing to a frying pan or an 东西递给我‖，手指着一个炒菜锅或是一颗洋onion. Everything was important. Deborah, England

葱。 每件事都很重要。 黛博拉 英国

2 I spent my childhood with my grandmother. I have a funny 2. 我的童年是跟奶奶过的，说起她就让我想memory of her. She used to smoke cigarettes that she rolled herself 起一段有趣的往事。 她经常用报纸卷烟抽。 in a piece of newspaper. When she was not home, I decided to try 有一天她不在家，我想学她的样，就用报纸卷the same. I rolled a piece of newspaper without tobacco inside. 了一个烟卷，但里面没放烟丝。 我点燃报纸Then I lit the roll and tried to smoke it. It burned quickly all the way 卷，放到嘴里吸，报纸很快就烧到了我的鼻头to my nose. I was so embarrassed. Even now, my family talks about 上。 我觉得很丢脸，至今家里人还时常提起that incident. Myeong Ok Lee, South Korea

这件糗事。 李明宇 韩国

3 When I was a child, I would play with stray cats and dogs in 3. 我小时候常和附近的流浪猫、流浪狗玩。 the neighbourhood.

4. 我训练它们，我们一起玩―老师和学生‖、

4 I trained them. We played games which could be called ―医生和病人‖、―售货员和顾客‖、―抢劫犯和他―teachers and students‖, ―doctors and patients‖, ―sellers and 们的头儿‖等游戏。 buyers‖, ―robbers and their leader‖, and so on.

5. 我回家时后面跟了一帮―朋友‖，妈妈吓坏

5 One day when I came home with ―my friends‖ following me, 了。 她冲我直嚷嚷，我只好答应她以后再也my mother was shocked. She shouted at me, and I promised that it 不带它们回家了。 可是后来有一次，她又发would never happen again. However, she found me once again in 现我在自己屋里和好几只狗一起玩―合唱队与my room with my dogs playing a game: ―the chorus and the 乐团‖的游戏。 奥尔加 俄罗斯 orchestra‖. Olga, Russia

6. 小时候，我们没钱买玩具。 有一天，我

6 When I was a small boy, we didn't have any money to buy toys. 们没花一分钱就得到了一个大玩具。 一架俄But one day we got a big toy without paying any money at all. A 罗斯飞机因为燃油耗尽迫降在操场的沙地上，Russian plane, low on fuel, made an emergency landing in the sand 这对我们这个只有几百号人的寂静的小村庄on our playground. It was such exciting news for a small, sleepy 来说可是个激动人心的消息。 因为以前没见village with a population of several hundred people. As no one had 过飞机，全村的人都到操场围观。 我父亲和ever seen a plane before, the entire population of the village came 镇公所的几个官员逮捕了飞行员，那架飞机则to see the plane in our playground. My father and other town 永远地留在了沙地里，成了我们最喜爱的玩officials arrested the pilot, but his plane stayed in that sand forever. 具。 我们常坐在驾驶座上，好像自己与那位It became our favourite toy. We would sit in the pilot's seat, and 糟糕的俄罗斯飞行员不同，是世界上最棒的飞pretend that, unlike the Russian pilot, we were the best pilots in the 行员。 意德兹 土耳其 world. Yildiz, Turkey

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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译

Unit 3-1 How we listen

我们是怎样听音乐的

1 We all listen to music according to our separate capacities. 1. 我们都按照各自不同的能力来听音乐。 但But, for the sake of analysis, the whole listening process may 为了便于分析，如果把听的整个过程分成几个become clearer if we break it up into its component parts, so to 组成部分，那么这个过程会更清晰一些。 从某speak. In a certain sense we all listen to music on three separate 种意义上来说，我们听音乐有三个不同的层次。 planes. For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: 由于缺乏更好的术语，我们姑且把它们命名为：(1) the sensuous plane, (2) the expressive plane, (3) the sheerly （1）感官层次；（2）表现层次；（3）纯音乐musical plane. The only advantage to be gained from 层次。 把听的过程机械地分割为以上三个假想mechanically splitting up the listening process into these 的层次，唯一的好处是让我们更清楚地了解自hypothetical planes is the clearer view to be had of the way in 己是怎样听音乐的。 which we listen.

2. 听音乐最简单的方式是为了去获取乐声带

2 The simplest way of listening to music is to listen for the 来的纯粹的愉悦感，这是音乐的感官层次。 在sheer pleasure of the musical sound itself. That is the sensuous 这个层次上，我们只是听音乐，不做任何思考。 plane. It is the plane on which we hear music without thinking, 我们打开收音机，一边做着其他的事情，一边without considering it in any way. One turns on the radio while 心不在焉地沉浸在音乐中。 乐声本身的魅力带doing something else and absent-mindedly bathes in the sound. A 我们进入一种无需思考的美妙心境。 kind of brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music.

3. 令人意外的是，许多自认为是合格的音乐爱好者在听音乐时过多地使用了这一层次。 他们

3 The surprising thing is that many people who consider 去听音乐会是为了忘却自我。 他们把音乐当成themselves qualified music lovers abuse that plane in listening. 一种慰藉，一种逃避，由此他们进入了一个可They go to concerts in order to lose themselves. They use music 以忘却日常生活的理想世界。 当然，他们也没as a consolation or an escape. They enter an ideal world where 有在思考音乐。 音乐允许他们离开现实，到另one doesn't have to think of the realities of everyday life. Of 一个地方去做梦，因为音乐而做梦，做有关音course they aren't thinking about the music either. Music allows 乐的梦，却从没有真正欣赏过音乐。 them to leave it, and they go off to a place to dream, dreaming

because of and apropos of the music yet never quite listening to it. 4. 的确，乐声的魅力是一种强大而原始的力

量，但是你不该让它占据你过多的兴趣空间。 4 Yes, the sound appeal of music is a potent and primitive 感官层次是音乐的一个重要层次，非常重要，force, but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share 但并不是音乐的全部。 of your interest. The sensuous plane is an important one in music, a very important one, but it does not constitute the whole story.

5. 音乐存在的第二个层次就是我所说的表现层次。 一提到这个问题，我们马上就进入到一

5 The second plane on which music exists is what I have called 个颇具争议的领域。 作曲家总是设法避开有关the expressive one. Here, immediately, we tread on controversial 音乐表现方面的讨论。 斯特拉温斯基不是曾经ground. Composers have a way of shying away from any 声称他的音乐是一个―物体‖，是一件有自我生命discussion of music's expressive side. Did not Stravinsky himself 的―东西‖，除了纯音乐性的存在之外没有任何别proclaim that his music was an \的含意吗？斯特拉温斯基这种不妥协的态度可its own, and with no other meaning than its own purely musical 能源于这样的一个事实：有那么多的人尝试着existence? This intransigent attitude of Stravinsky's may be due to 从众多的音乐作品中读出完全不同的含意。 确the fact that so many people have tried to read different meanings 实，要准确地说出一部音乐作品的含意已经很

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into so many pieces. Heaven knows it is difficult enough to say 难了，要肯定并确定地说出来，还要使每个人precisely what it is that a piece of music means, to say it 对你的解释都感到满意，是难上加难。 但我们definitely, to say it finally so that everyone is satisfied with your 不该因此走到另一个极端，不能去剥夺音乐―表explanation. But that should not lead one to the other extreme of 现‖的权利。 denying to music the right to be \

6. 可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴

6 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach's 曲集》中的48个赋格主题。 依次地、一个个Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme, one after 地听听其中的每一个主题，你很快就会意识到another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different 每个主题都反映了一个不同的情感世界，你很world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more 快也会意识到你越觉得某个主题美妙，就越难beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word 找到令你完全满意的字眼来描述它。 是的，你that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will 当然知道那个主题是欢快的还是悲伤的。 换句certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will be 话说，你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主题的情感able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of 框架。 那么就更仔细地听一下这个悲伤的主题emotional feeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a 吧，要明确悲伤的性质。 是悲观厌世的悲伤，little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it 还是无可奈何的悲伤？是时运不济的悲伤，还pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or 是强颜欢笑的悲伤？ smilingly sad?

7. 假设你很幸运，能用许多词句充分表达你对

7 Let us suppose that you are fortunate and can describe to your 选中主题的确切理解。 但这仍然无法保证其他own satisfaction in so many words the exact meaning of your 人对你的理解都感到满意，他们也完全没有必chosen theme. There is still no guarantee that anyone else will be 要感到满意。 重要的是，每个人能亲自感受某satisfied. Nor need they be. The important thing is that each one 个主题的表现力，或以同样的方式去感受一部feels for himself the specific expressive quality of a theme or, 完整的音乐作品独特的表现力。 如果是一部伟similarly, an entire piece of music. And if it is a great work of art, 大的音乐作品，就别指望每次去听它都能给你don't expect it to mean exactly the same thing to you each time 带来相同的感受。 you return to it.

8. 音乐存在的第三个层次是纯音乐层次。 除

8 The third plane on which music exists is the sheerly musical 了令人愉悦的乐声及其所表现的情感之外，音plane. Besides the pleasurable sound of music and the expressive 乐也因其音符本身以及对音符的处理而存在。 feeling that it gives off, music does exist in terms of the notes 多数听众都没有充分认识到音乐的这第三个层themselves and of their manipulation. Most listeners are not 次。 sufficiently conscious of this third plane.

9. 对我们所有人来说，更加充分地认识这个纯

9 It is very important for all of us to become more alive to 音乐层次非常重要。 毕竟乐曲使用的是实实在music on its sheerly musical plane. After all, an actual musical 在的音乐材料。 聪明的听众一定要做好准备，material is being used. The intelligent listener must be prepared to 随时提升自己对音乐材料以及这些材料的使用increase his awareness of the musical material and what happens 的理解。 他必须要更加有意识地倾听音乐的旋to it. He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies, the 律、节奏、和弦及音色。 但最重要的是，为了tone colors in a more conscious fashion. But above all he must, in 能够跟上作曲家的思路，他还必须了解一些音order to follow the line of the composer's thought, know 乐形式方面的知识。 去听所有这些成分就是在something of the principles of musical form. Listening to all of 纯音乐层次上欣赏音乐。 these elements is listening on the sheerly musical plane.

10. 让我重复一遍，我仅仅是为了讲解得更清楚

10 Let me repeat that I have split up mechanically the three 才把听音乐的三个层次机械地分割开来的。 事separate planes on which we listen merely for the sake of greater 实上，我们从来都不会只在其中的一个层次上

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clarity. Actually, we never listen on one or the other of these 听音乐。 我们其实是把它们联系起来，同时在planes. What we do is to correlate them—listening in all three 三个层次上听音乐。 这并不需要付出多少脑ways at the same time. It takes no mental effort, for we do it 力，因为我们是凭本能这么做的。 instinctively.

11. 也许，用去剧院看戏来作类比，能使这种本

11 Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit 能的联系更加明白易懂。 在剧院里，你能注意the theater will make this instinctive correlation clearer. In the 到男女演员、服装和布景、声音和动作。 这些theater, you are aware of the actors and actresses, costumes and 东西组合在一起，会让我们觉得剧院是一个令sets, sounds and movements. All these give one the sense that the 人愉悦的地方，它们构成了我们欣赏戏剧的感theater is a pleasant place to be in. They constitute the sensuous 官层次。 plane in our theatrical reactions.

12. 戏剧的表现层次来自于你看舞台表演时获

12 The expressive plane in the theater would be derived from 得的感受。 它激起你的怜悯、兴奋或是愉悦。 the feeling that you get from what is happening on the stage. You 正是这种笼统的感觉，除了听台词所感受到的，are moved to pity, excitement, or gaiety. It is this general feeling, 主要是存在于舞台上的某种情感的东西，与音generated aside from the particular words being spoken, a certain 乐的表现性相类似。 emotional something which exists on the stage, that is analogous to the expressive quality in music.

13. 剧情以及剧情的发展相当于我们所说的纯音乐层次。 剧作家塑造和发展戏剧人物的方

13 The plot and plot development is equivalent to our sheerly 式，和作曲家创造和发展主题的方式是一样的。 musical plane. The playwright creates and develops a character in 你能否成为一个聪明的听众，取决于你对剧作just the same way that a composer creates and develops a theme. 家或音乐家处理艺术材料的手段的了解有多According to the degree of your awareness of the way in which 深。 the artist in either field handles his material will you become a more intelligent listener.

14. 显然，看戏的人从来就不会单独注意到这其中的一个元素。 他是同时注意到了一切。 听

14 It is easy enough to see that the theatergoer never is 音乐的道理也是一样的，我们同时地、不假思conscious of any of these elements separately. He is aware of 索地在三个层次上倾听音乐。 them all at the same time. The same is true of music listening. We simultaneously and without thinking listen on all three planes.

Unit 3-2 The mystery of Girl with a Pearl Earring 《戴珍珠耳环的少女》之谜 《戴珍珠耳环的少女》是荷兰画家约翰尼1 The painting Girl with a Pearl Earring is one of the greatest 1. works by the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, and one of the 斯 ? 维梅尔最伟大的作品之一，也是世界上最受best loved paintings in the world. It shows a striking young 欢迎的画作之一。 画里有一位引人注目的年轻woman wearing an exotic costume and a turban, peering over her 女子，身穿异国服饰，戴着头巾，她侧身回眸，shoulder straight out at the viewer. Set against a dark and 望着欣赏画作的观众。 画面的背景一片漆黑，unspecified background, our eyes are drawn to her pearl earring, 我们的视线被吸引到女子所佩戴的珍珠耳环上，the focal point of the painting. But after more than a century of 那耳环也是整幅画的焦点。 这幅画在被世人研study, the work poses some fascinating questions. Who is the 究了一个多世纪后，仍然留存着一些饶有趣味的16 / 64

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young woman? Is the painting a portrait of a real person, or a 问题待人们解答。 那位年轻女子是谁？这幅画sitter representing more general attributes of womanhood? How 到底是一幅真人肖像画，还是一幅表现女人普遍old is she meant to be? Is the pearl real? What's the significance of 特征的模特画？她有多大年纪？那颗珍珠是真the turban? What is she thinking as she stares out at us? 2 In general, very little is known about Vermeer. We know he was born in 1632, spent his entire life in Delft, and died in 1675. 2.

总的来说，有关维梅尔的记载很少。 我们

We know his work includes paintings of religious and 知道他出生于1632年，一辈子都住在代尔夫特，mythological themes, domestic interiors and landscapes. He never 于1675年逝世。 我们知道他的画作包括宗教及seems to have been wealthy, perhaps because he produced 神话题材的画，室内家居画以及风景画。 他好relatively few paintings. His other well-known works include Girl 像从来没富有过，可能是因为作品相对较少的缘Reading a Letter at an Open Window, and Woman with a Water 故。 他的其他名画包括《在窗前读信的女孩》Jug.

和《拿着水罐的女人》。

我们还知道，虽然他来自于一个新教家庭，的吗？她戴的头巾有什么特殊含义吗？她回眸看着我们的时候到底在想些什么？

3 We also know that although he came from a Protestant 3. convert to Catholicism before they married and had 14 children. 4 As far as the Girl with a Pearl Earring is concerned, it seems that it wasn't meant to be a portrait, but a study of expressions, 4.

family, he married a Catholic girl Catharina, who insisted that he 却娶了一位信仰天主教的女孩凯瑟琳娜，凯瑟琳

娜坚持要他改信天主教，然后才肯跟他结婚，婚后他们育有14个孩子。

《戴珍珠耳环的少女》这幅画似乎不是被当

facial characteristics or other interesting features. It's true that the 作肖像画来画的，而是一幅表现人物表情、面部girl's face would probably not be considered beautiful in a 特征，以及其他一些特点的习作。 的确，少女conventional sense. If it had been a portrait, a painter would have 的那张脸在传统意义上或许算不上漂亮。 如果worked harder to convey the sitter's beauty, even if it meant 是一幅肖像画，画家会花更多的力气来表现被画slightly distorting the truth! This kind of study was popular in 者的美貌，即便那么做会有些背离事实！这种肖Holland at the time, and would have been easy to sell. We don't 像画当时在荷兰很流行，而且可能也更容易出know, however, if this painting was ever sold during Vermeer's 售。 然而，我们并不知道这幅画在维梅尔生前lifetime. We don't even know if it was commissioned by 是否卖出去过。 我们甚至不清楚它是不是维梅Vermeer's patron, van Ruijven. If so, the model might have been 尔的资助人范 ? 鲁文的委托之作。 如果是的话，one of his daughters who was about the same age as the sitter. We 画中的模特有可能是维梅尔的一个年龄相仿的know less about the Girl with the Pearl Earring than any of 女儿。 我们对《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的了解比Vermeer's works. Indeed, the unexplainable lack of background 对维梅尔的其他作品都少。 实际上，这种无法information may even contribute to the worldwide popularity the 解释的背景资料的缺失甚至会使得该画更受欢painting enjoys.

迎。

正因为如此神秘，这幅画先是成了一部小说

5 With so much mystery, the painting has been the theme of 5.

first, a novel and later, a film, both of which attempt to answer 的主题，而后又被一部电影所采纳。它们都试图some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, which is 揭开有关这幅画的一些谜题，其中一个是：女孩immediately more appropriate to the medium of the novel or the 那双睁得大大的眼睛，以及那一丝神秘的微笑，film: Are her wide eyes and enigmatic half-smile innocent or 到底是天真还是诱惑？像小说或电影这类媒介seductive?

更适合作出回答。

崔西 ? 雪佛兰于1999年出版的小说向我们

6 Tracy Chevalier's novel, published in 1999, tells us the story 6.

of Griet, a 16-year-old Dutch girl who needs to start work in order 讲述了一位16岁的荷兰女孩格里特的故事。 她to support her family. She becomes a maid in Vermeer's 必须去工作来养活家人，于是成了维梅尔家的一household, with its five children, grandmother, a long-time 名女仆，和维梅尔的五个孩子、一位老佣人以及

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servant, and Catharina, Vermeer's volatile wife. While Griet goes 他喜怒无常的妻子凯瑟琳娜生活在一起。 在他about her duties, she attracts the attention not only of a butcher's 家干活的时候，格里特不仅被一个屠夫的儿子彼boy, Pieter, but also of the painter himself. Despite their different 得看上了，也引起了画家本人的注意。 尽管他backgrounds and class, he invites her into his studio and engages 们有着不同的背景，隶属于不同的阶级，但维梅her in his world.

尔还是邀她进画室，并让她走入自己的世界。

起初，格里特只是帮维梅尔跑跑腿，干些杂

7 At first Griet merely runs errands and performs tasks for 7.

Vermeer. But gradually, his relationship with her changes. 活。 可渐渐地，他们的关系发生了变化。 维梅Vermeer recognizes Griet as having visual talent and artistic 尔发现了格里特的视觉才能和艺术潜质，开始让promise, and takes her on as his studio assistant. Griet is wary of 她做画室助手。 格里特清楚自己在维梅尔家的her position in the Vermeer household but revels in being 地位，一直谨小慎微，但她还是对画家鼓励她学encouraged to develop her skills. Her role is to grind paints and 习绘画技巧而感到高兴。 她的工作是帮维梅尔develop the colours which Vermeer will use for his paintings and 磨颜料、调颜色，有模特生病的时候，她担当模when a model falls ill, she takes her place. Catharina has long 特之职。 凯瑟琳娜很久之前就被禁止进入画室been forbidden to enter the studio, so the apprenticeship takes 了，所以格里特的学徒生涯是在秘密中进行的。 place in secret. Griet and Vermeer grow closer, although their 格里特和维梅尔的关系日见亲密，虽然他们之间feelings are never stated explicitly.

的感情从未被挑明过。

可是，维梅尔的那位有钱的资助人范 ? 鲁文

8 But then Vermeer's patron, the wealthy van Ruijven, who is 8.

attracted by Griet, insists that the maid and he be the subjects of 喜欢上了格里特，他坚持要维梅尔在他定的下一Vermeer's next commissioned work. Griet and Vermeer are 幅画里为他和格里特画张双人像。 格里特和维reluctant to agree because of her strict modesty and the scandal 梅尔都不情愿，因为格里特本人很矜持庄重，还caused by the last occasion van Ruijven was painted with a young 因为范 ? 鲁文最近和一位年轻女子一起画像时woman. Eventually, Vermeer compromises and agrees to paint 传出了绯闻。 最终，维梅尔作了一点妥协，他Griet on her own, wearing Catharina's pearl earrings. But while he 答应为格里特画一幅单人像，并让她戴上凯瑟琳is painting her, Vermeer sees Griet's hair, which takes some of her 娜的珍珠耳环。 作画的时候，维梅尔看着格里modesty away and, deeply embarrassed, she runs to Pieter for 特的头发，那一头秀发让她少了几分矜持庄重，comfort.

9 One day Vermeer's daughter discovers that Griet has been modelling for her father, and tells her mother. Filled with 9.

维梅尔的女儿发现格里特在给他父亲当模

jealousy, Catharina storms into the studio and demands to see the 特，就把这事告诉了她妈妈。 凯瑟琳娜顿生醋painting. Griet is embarrassed when Vermeer accuses Catharina 意，冲进画室，要求看那幅画。 维梅尔则指责of not understanding art, and decides to leave the Vermeer 凯瑟琳娜不懂艺术，此时的格里特处境很尴尬，household.

她决定离开维梅尔家。

格里特为此感到十分难堪，跑到彼得那里寻求安慰。

10 Ten years later we understand that Griet has married Pieter, 10. 我们知道，十年后格里特嫁给了彼得，还为and has had children with him. In the meantime, Vermeer has 他生了孩子。 同时，维梅尔也去世了。他在遗died and in his will, has left the earrings to Griet. She sells them to 嘱里把珍珠耳环留给了格里特。 在与彼得结婚settle the debt due to the Vermeers by the butcher's shop when 时，格里特把珍珠耳环卖了，用来偿还彼得家的Griet and Pieter got married.

肉铺欠维梅尔的债。

11 Tracy Chevalier's talent was to bring to life for modern 11. 崔西 ? 雪佛兰的才华在于她把几个世纪前readers the story of a young woman in a small city many centuries 一位生活在小城市的年轻女子的故事栩栩如生ago, and above all, to speculate on the answers to some of the 地展现在了现代读者的眼前；最重要的是，她对

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questions which the painting provokes. 于那幅画所引发的某些问题给出了自己的思考。 12 The novel was a best-seller, and consequently was made into 12. 这本小说很畅销，所以在2003年被改编成a film of the same name in 2003. Vermeer was played by Colin 了同名电影。 维梅尔由科林 ? 弗思扮演，格里Firth, and Griet by Scarlett Johannson. The film shows very 特由斯嘉丽 ? 约翰松扮演。 电影在描述维梅尔effectively the tension between the two when Vermeer pierces 为格里特穿耳洞，为了让她戴上他妻子的珍珠耳Griet's earlobes so she can wear his wife's pearl earrings for the 环，然后来画那位资助人要的画时，非常到位地portrait commissioned by his patron. It ends with a scene not 表现出他俩之间的紧张状态。 电影的结尾是小described in the novel, with the pearl earrings being mysteriously 说里没有的，那副珍珠耳环被神秘地送到了格里delivered to Griet, and we're left wondering if she ever marries 特的手中，至于她是否会嫁给彼得，电影留下了Pieter. 悬念。 13 The painting can be found in the Mauritshuis Museum in 13. 这幅画现在收藏于荷兰海牙的莫瑞泰斯皇The Hague, Holland. It has been described as the Mona Lisa of 家美术馆。 正是因为它像现馆藏于巴黎的列奥the north, precisely because, like Leonardo da Vinci's painting, 纳多 ? 达 ? 芬奇的画作一样，画了一位面带神秘now in Paris, it appears to be a simple likeness of a woman with 微笑的女人，那微笑蕴藏着多层意义和疑问，它an enigmatic smile, yet which contains levels of meanings and 被誉为北方的《蒙娜丽莎》。 仅仅一幅画就催questions. The fact that a single painting can generate a 生了一部备受推崇的小说，以及一部制作精良的thoroughly rewarding novel and a well-composed film 影片，这说明了《戴珍珠耳环的少女》之谜的巨demonstrates our fascination in the mystery of the Girl with a 大魅力。 Pearl Earring.

Unit 3-3 The top five paintings in Western art 西方艺术史上最好的五幅画作 史上最伟大的画作有哪些？每个人都有他自1 Which are the greatest paintings of all time? Everybody has 1. their favourites, and choosing a short list from the huge array of 己最喜爱的作品，但要从数不胜数的西方艺术精masterpieces in Western art is likely to be a frustrating—and 品中选出几幅最好的，可能是一件费力不讨好的ultimately not very useful—task. But here are five paintings 事情。 不过，下面这五幅画可能在任何人的选单which would be high up on anybody's list. 上都会高居榜首。 其中最有名的、一眼就能认出来的可能就会2 Perhaps the most famous, and instantly recognizable, of all 2. is Leonardo's Mona Lisa, now in the Louvre in Paris. The 是列奥纳多的《蒙娜丽莎》，现藏于巴黎的卢浮longer you look at this painting, the more the mystery grows. 宫。 你看着这幅画越久，它就变得越神秘。 这Who is this person, whose eyes follow us wherever we are? As 位目光始终追随着我们的画中人到底是谁？正如a famous critic once said, she seems older than the rocks among 一位著名评论家所说的，她看上去比她坐着的石which she sits. 头还要古老。 《宫女》是迪戈 ? 贝拉斯克斯1656年绘制的3 Las Meninas was painted in 1656 by Diego Velázquez. It 3. hangs in the Prado Museum in Madrid, and is one of the most 作品，它悬挂在马德里普拉多美术馆中。它是西analyzed works in Western painting. Like a snapshot, it shows a 方绘画史上被分析得最多的画作之一。 这幅画像large room in the palace of King Philip IV of Spain, and 一张快照，展示了西班牙腓力四世皇宫里的一间19 / 64

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presents a number of people from the court: the king's daughter 大屋子，还有屋里的许多宫廷人物：有国王的女Margarita, surrounded by her maids, a bodyguard, two dwarfs 儿玛格丽塔，簇拥着她的一群宫女，一名护卫，and a dog. In the background is Velázquez himself, working on 两个侏儒和一条狗。 后面是贝拉斯克斯本人，他another painting and looking out towards the viewer. The 正在画另一个作品，他把目光投向了观众。 这幅picture seems to be telling us that art and life are an illusion.

画好像在告诉我们，艺术和生活不过是一种幻觉。 《星夜》无疑是文森特 ? 凡 ? 高最著名的画作

4 The Starry Night is without question one of Vincent van 4.

Gogh's best-known paintings. It shows the view at night from 之一。 它展现了从法国南部圣雷米普罗旺斯的一the room in the mental hospital in Saint Rémy de Provence, in 家精神病院的房间里看到的夜空景象，凡 ? 高在一the south of France, where he was staying after a severe 次严重的精神崩溃后住在了那里。 这幅画也反映breakdown. It also reflects something of the mental turmoil 了他当时所经历的精神混乱。 目前在纽约的大都from which he was suffering at the time. It can be viewed in the 会艺术博物馆里可以看到这幅画。 Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

5.

另一幅著名的现代杰作是挪威艺术家爱华

5 Another well-known modern masterpiece is The Scream by 德 ? 蒙克所画的《呐喊》。 它展示了血红色的天the Norwegian artist, Edvard Munch. It shows a figure in 空下一位痛苦异常的人。 有人认为他并不是在呐apparent agony in front of blood red sky. It's thought that he is 喊，而是捂着耳朵，保护自己不受到喊声的伤害，not screaming himself, but protecting himself from a scream, 他极力把自然界令人痛苦的声音挡在耳外。 这幅struggling to keep out the distressing noise of nature. Some of 画名声远扬，部分是缘自它从奥斯陆国家艺术馆this painting's notoriety is due to the number of times it has been 被盗的次数。 stolen from its home in the Oslo National Gallery.

6.

最后一幅重要画作是毕加索的《阿维农少

6 Last but not least, Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was 女》，该画完成于1907年，描绘了妓院里的五个completed in 1907, and shows five prostitutes in a brothel. 妓女。 该画被誉为现代艺术史上最有影响力的作Within the history of modern art, it's held to be one of the most 品，也是立体主义画派的先锋之作。立体主义画influential, and a precursor of the Cubist style, which featured 派的特点是运用许多几何图形和多重视点，使画geometric shapes and a plural viewpoint of features on different 里的人物处于多个平面之中，展现出在单一平面planes and which would otherwise be invisible. It can now be 中无法看见的特征。 该画现藏于纽约现代艺术博seen in the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

物馆。

Unit 4-1 Work in corporate America 在美国大公司工作 现在的孩子要是有人跟他们说长大后要―去1 It is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank 1. and dispirited when informed that they will someday have to 工作来谋生‖，往往会表现出一脸的茫然和沮丧，\这并不奇怪。 问题在于，他们想象不出美国的大visualize what work is in corporate America. 公司里都有哪些工作。 不久以前，当家长说他要去工作了，孩子很2 Not so long ago, when a parent said he was off to work, the 2. child knew very well what was about to happen. His parent was 清楚他去做什么。 他不是去做东西就是去修理东going to make something or fix something. The parent could 西。 父亲可能会带着孩子去他干活的地方，让他take his offspring to his place of business and let him watch 20 / 64

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