考研阅读逐句译2000年第5篇

唐静 考研阅读逐句译2000年第5篇第1句 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.

词汇：（从今天开始，词汇按照牛津双解的方式进行，我也主要摘录自牛津双解，为了区别，用红色标注要解释的词汇） ambition //n. ~ (to be/do sth)

1 (a) [U, C] strong desire to achieve sth 雄心，野心，志气，抱负，志向

*filled with ambition to become famous, rich, powerful, etc 立志要成名, 发财, 有权势等

(b) [C] particular desire of this kind 雄心，野心，志气，抱负，志向 *have great ambitions 有远大的志向 2 [C] object of this desire 目标，夙愿

*achieve/realize/fulfil one's ambitions 达到目标[实现抱负/得偿夙愿]

distinction //n.

1 [C, U] ~ (between A and B ) difference or contrast between one person or thing and another 差别，对比

*He drew a quite artificial distinction between men and women readers. 他把男读者和女读者硬是人为地区分开来。 2 (fml 文)

(a) [U] separation of things or people into different groups according to quality, grade, etc （事物或人按其质量、品质、等级等的）区分 *without distinction (ie regardless) of rank 不分级别

(b) [C] detail that separates in this way （按此方式划分的）类别, 等级 *distinctions of birth and wealth 按出身和财富划分的类别.

3 [C] mark of honour; title, decoration, etc 荣誉的标志; 荣衔、勋章等

*an academic distinction, eg a doctor's degree 学术上的荣衔（如博士学位） * win a distinction for bravery 因表现英勇而获得勋章. 4 [U] quality of being excellent or distinguished 优秀; 卓越 *a writer, novel, work of distinction 优秀的作家、小说、作品

* She had the distinction of being the first woman to swim the Channel. 她卓尔不群, 因为她是第一个横渡英吉利海峡的女子。

destiny //n.

1 [U] power believed to control events 命运

*Destiny drew us together. 命运把我们连在一起了。

2 [C] that which happens to sb/sth (thought to be decided beforehand by fate) 定数，天命

*It was his destiny to die in a foreign country. 他注定要客死异国。

* events which shaped his destiny 决定他命运的事件。 deem //v.

v [Tf, Tnt esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Cn.a esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Cn.n] (fml 文) consider; regard 认为，视为

*He deemed that it was his duty to help. 他认为他有责任加以援助。 * She was deemed (to be) the winner. 人们认为是她获胜。 * It is deemed advisable. 这认为是可取的。

* I deem it a great honour to be invited to address you. 要我向诸位讲几句话, 我觉得非常荣幸。

behalf //n.

(idm 习语) on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf; (US) in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb; in the interest of sb 做某人的代表或代言人，为某人之利益

*On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示谢意。

* Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. 肯不在场, 所以我代表他领奖。

* The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child. 法定监护人应该维护这个孩子的利益。

* Don't be uneasy on my behalf, ie about me. 不要为我担心。

结构：

If ambition is to be well regarded,（if引导的条件状语从句） //the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—（主句的主语及其破折号中的同位语）//must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices （主句的谓语）//made on ambition’s behalf（过去分词短语作定语）.

译文：

如果正确看待雄心壮志，那么它带来的回报——财富、声誉、对命运的掌握——则应该被认为是值得为之付出牺牲的。

翻译思路：宏观阅读能力——skimming

快速阅读的基本方法是skimming和scanning。skimming（略读，跳读）就是为了获取文章的大意。那最简单的“略读”方式就是1）看文章的首段、末段、每一段的首句或者末句；还有时候可以2）适当注意每一段内“表转折和表因果的词汇”。那请大家使用这种略读的方式读一下整个文章，并回答：作者是否在鼓励人们应该有雄心壮志呢？并简述你得出结论的原因。

唐静 考研阅读逐句译2000年第5篇第2句 If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. 词汇： vitality //n.

1 persistent energy; liveliness or vigour 活力，精力，元气

*The dog was bouncing with health and vitality. 那条狗又壮实又活跃, 欢蹦乱跳的。

* The ballet sparkled with vitality. 那场芭蕾舞演得生动活泼。

2 (fig 比喻) (of institutions, etc) ability to endure or continue functioning （指机构等）维持生存或继续发挥作用的能力, 生命力

*The vitality of the movement is threatened. 这个运动的生命力岌岌可危。 admire //v.

1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb/sth (for sth) regard sb/sth with respect, pleasure, satisfaction, etc 钦佩，赞赏，羡慕某人[某事物]

*They admired our garden. 他们称赞我们的花园.

* I admire him for his success in business. 我佩服他事业有成.

2 [Tn] express admiration of (sb/sth) 表示赞美，夸奖（某人[某事物]）

*Aren't you going to admire my new hat? 你难道不想夸夸我的新帽子吗? not least

(formal) used to emphasize that something is important 尤其，特别

*There is a great deal at stake, not least in relation to environment. 有很多生死攸关的问题，尤其是涉及环境方面的问题。 结构：

If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, （if条件状语从句）//it must be widely shared; （条件状语从句对应的主句）//and it especially must be highly regarded by people （and连接的并列句）//who are themselves admired, （who定语从句，修饰people）//the educated not least among them（独立主格做状语）. 译文：

如果雄心壮志的传统要继续发扬光大，那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇，尤其应该得到那些受人仰慕的人们的高度重视，而那些受过教育的人更应包括在内。 翻译思路：发现翻译中的问题

今天刚在微博上看到一个同学说，“总觉得自己单词都认识，也总觉得自己读懂了英语，但是就是翻译起来觉得不是人话，很生硬”。为什么？

如果前提的确是“英语句子读懂了，翻译的大概意思都差不多”，那么生硬的原因就真的是汉语表达上需要改进。改进的方案有二：其一，要发现汉语中到底哪里生硬；其二，结合英语原文，对生硬的地方做改进。

其一，发现问题。最简单的发现的方法是“多读中文”，有种“字字必纠”的精神。（不过别太较真，别钻牛角尖，翻译中有时候有些是“不可译”。）可以把自己的译文当做汉语作文汉语病句修改一下，看看主语谓语搭配不，看看修饰语那样修饰合适不，这样就可以发现译文生硬的地方。

其二，发现问题之后的修改方式有很多。主要的有“同意替换，适当引申，改变顺序，增加信息”等等。

那根据我上面讲的问题，大家发现一下本句话的译文中问题何在，最好能够

给出一个修改方案（直接回复我就好，对于回答问题很好的同学，奖励我编的“书话丛书”一本）：如果雄心壮志的传统要继续发扬光大，那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇，尤其应该得到那些受人仰慕的人们的高度重视，而那些受过教育的人更应包括在内。

唐静 考研阅读逐句译2000年第5篇第3句 In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. 词汇： odd //adj.

1 strange; unusual; peculiar 奇怪的，不寻常的，古怪的 *What an odd man! 多古怪的男人哪!

* She wears rather odd clothes. 她穿的衣服很怪。 * She gets odder as she grows older. 她越老越古怪。

2 (no comparative or superlative 无比较级或最高级) (of numbers) that cannot be divided by two; not even （指数目）奇数的

*1, 3, 5 and 7 are odd numbers. 1、3、5、7是奇数。

3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (no comparative or superlative 无比较级或最高级) (a) of one of a pair, set, series, etc when the other(s) is/are missing 单的（指一双、一套、一组...中的单个）

*an odd shoe/sock/glove 单只的鞋[袜子/手套]

* two odd volumes of an encyclopedia 百科全书中的两个单本

* You're wearing odd socks, ie two that do not form a pair. 你穿的两只袜子不是一双。

(b) left over; extra; surplus 剩余的，多余的，多出的

*She made a cushion out of odd bits of material. 她用碎布头做了个靠垫。 4 (no comparative or superlative; usu placed directly after a number 无比较级或最高级, 通常直接置于数字之後) a little more than 稍多于 *five hundred odd, ie slightly more than 500 五百多

* thirty-odd (ie between 30 and 40) years later 三十多年後 * twelve pounds odd, ie 12 and some pence extra 十二英镑多

5 [attrib 作定语] (no comparative or superlative 无比较级或最高级) not regular or fixed; occasional 不规则的，非固定的，临时的

*weed the garden at odd times/moments, ie at various irregular moments 用零星时间给花园除草

* I take the odd bit of exercise, but nothing regular. 我偶尔稍微锻炼一下, 但无规律。

* The landscape was bare except for the odd cactus. 那片地上除了偶见的仙人掌以外, 什么都没有。

* Do you have an odd minute (ie a little spare time) to help me with this? 你有空儿帮我做这件事吗?

6 (idm 习语) an odd/a queer fish => fish1. the/an odd man/one out

(a) person or thing left over when the others have been put into pairs or groups 配对或分组时多出的人或物

*There's always an odd one out when I sort out my socks. 我给袜子配对时, 总是有单只的剩下。

* That boy is always the odd man out when the children are divided into teams. 孩子分组时, 那男孩总是单个儿。

(b) person or thing that is different from the others 与众不同的人或物

*Banana, grape, apple, daisy—which of these is the odd one out? 香蕉、葡萄、苹果、雏菊——这几样东西哪一样与众不同?

(c) (infml 口) person who cannot fit easily into the society, community, etc of which he is a member 与集体不融洽的人，不合群者

*At school she always felt the odd one out. 她上学时总觉得和大家格格不入。

* His formal clothes made him the odd one out in the club. 他衣冠楚楚, 在俱乐部中如鹤立鸡群。 give up on

stop having faith or belief in不再相信，不再信奉

*They weren't about to give up on their heroes so easily. 他们不会轻易地就失去对自己英雄人物的信任。 ideal //n.

1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] person or thing regarded as perfect 完美的人或事物

*She's looking for a job, but hasn't found her ideal yet. 她在找工作, 但还未找到最理想的。

2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] standard of perfection 完美境界的标准

*He finds it hard to live up to his ideals. 他认为很难按自己的理想办事。 结构：

In an odd way, however, it is the educated who// have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal（it is…who…构成强调句型）. 译文： 然而，恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却出乎意料地声称，他们已不再具有雄心壮志，不再认为这是一种理想。

翻译思路：强调句型（摘录自徐广联《大学英语语法——讲座与测试》，稍有改编）

1）It is ( was) +状语+ that +句子

这种结构用来强调状语, 表示状语成分的可以是单词、词组或句子。句子可以是主语从句、宾语从句或状语从句。强调的如果是原因状语从句，从句只能由because引导, 不能由since、as或why引导。例如：

It was last summer that I graduated from the university. 我正是去年夏天从那所大学毕业的。(时间状语)

It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 我就是在一次晚上第一次见到她的。(地点状语)

It is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health. 人只有生病了才知 道健康的价值。(时间状语从句)

It was because (不用since、why或as) the water had risen that they could not cross the river . 正是因为水涨了, 他们才没有渡过河去。(原因状语从句)

It is what you will do that is essential. 重要的是你的行动。(主语从句)

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