河南省翻译竞赛试题(非英语专业类)

(考试时间为120分钟)

一、汉译英（50%）

空巢老人

在中国，我们会经常看到对“空巢老人”的报道，这些老人因为没有子女在身边，过着孤独的生活。其实，英国也存在这种现象。我就曾遇见过一位孤独的英国老人。

诺瓦克太太是位波兰人，在英国已生活了六十多年，说她是英国本土人也不为过。我是在自己打工的那家超市认识她的。那是一家在英国很有名的超市，每个星期五晚上超市都会有一些快过期的食物打折出售，而诺瓦克太太每周五晚都会出现在超市里。我打工的时间刚好是每周五晚上和周六白天，所以我们就这么认识了。

二、英译汉（50%）

The English Words

The foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismayed when he learns that there are over 400,000 words in the English language, without counting slang. But let him take courage. More than half of these words are dead. They are not in current use. Even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 20,000 words. The average Englishman today probably has a vocabulary range of from 12,000 to 13,000 words. It is good to make your vocabulary as complete as you can, but a great deal can be said and written with a vocabulary of no more than 10,000 words. The important thing is to have a good control and command over the words you do know. Better know two words exactly than three vaguely. A good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary.

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参考答案:

一、汉译英

Empty Nesters

In China, empty nesters, or lonely senior citizens without their adult children living at home, are often reported. In fact, it is also true in Britain where I once met a lonely elderly lady.

Mrs. Novak, a Polish, was better called a British for she had been living in Britain for over 60 years. I got to know her in the supermarket where I worked. It was a very famous supermarket where discount foods close to expiration were sold on Friday nights when Mrs. Novak would always appear. I worked on Friday nights and Saturdays, and that was how we met.

二、英译汉

英语单词

英语有四十多万单词——这还不包括俚语。外国学生往往闻之气馁，意冷心灰。不过不要怕——这些单词多半早已作古，无人再用。即使是莎士比亚，所用单词也不过两万而已。当代普通英国人的词汇量可能在一万二到一万三左右。虽说词不压身，多多益善，但要满足言谈写作之需，一万词足矣。关键不在量，而在于运用自如。与其似是而非地了解三个词，不如确切地掌握两个词。好木匠之所以出类拔萃，不在于工具多，而在于用得好。同理，作家是否优秀，也不能用词汇量来衡量。

2004河南省翻译竞赛试题（非专业组）答案

1. Translate the Following Passage into Chinese (50%)

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How did men first measure time? We can picture ourselves how our ancestors turned their eyes in wonder to the great sun; how they watched him rising higher and higher till he reached his noonday strength, then sinking lower and lower until he disappeared beneath the western horizon and left the world to darkness.

The great sun has sunk to rest, and in his place have come the gentle moon and thousands of twinkling stars. But again the sun rises, shines, and sets. Again he is followed by moon and stars. Man’s first lesson in time has now been learned: the light he calls day, the darkness night.

Of all the heavenly bodies, the moon is the only one that seems to change its form and size. At one time it is a mere crescent, at another it is a full circle. Man counts the days from new moon to new moon, or from full moon to full moon, and calls the period a month

He next observes changes in the length of the days and in the heat of the sun. He sees the flowers spring up, blossom, and decay, and the trees put on their gray garments of green, change them to sober brown, and finally lose them altogether. His ideas of seed-time, harvest, and winter are formed, and he begins to count the moons from seed-time to seed-time, or from winter to winter, and makes the grand discovery----“Twelve months make one year.”In such a way as this men got their first notions of year, and month, and day.

2. Translate the Following Passage into English (50%)

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我的家世比较复杂。在官方记录上，我的籍贯是云南大姚，其实那里是我爷爷的出生地，至今我也没去过一次。我父亲出生于浙江杭州，但生长于江苏、上海等地，后来在哈尔滨工业大学读书。我母亲来自江苏丹阳的吕城镇，高中毕业后考入北京矿业学院。父母大学毕业后选择到条件较为艰苦的河南工作。虽然我出生在河南、成长在河南，但我对自己是哪里人的问题一度迷惑，小时候的邻居和同学也总认为我们家是“南方人”。高中毕业后，我离开河南，才逐渐意识到对生长了18年的故乡的眷恋和感情。今天，无论什么人问我，我总是会很自豪地说：我是河南人。是的，我是生于河南、长于河南、地地道道的河南人。

1. 英译汉

人类最先（早）是如何测量时间的呢？我们可以想象，我们的祖先如何睁大不解的双眼望着伟大的太阳，如何观察它越升越高，直到正午，阳光最强，而后开始下沉，直到消失在西方的地平线之下，使整个世界陷入一片黑暗。

硕大的太阳已经下沉休息，温柔的月亮和成千上万闪烁的群星赶去接替了太阳。而后太阳又一次升起，发出光芒，然后下落。他再一次被月亮和群星接替着。人类由此学习了第一课：将有光明的时间成为白昼，将黑暗的时间称为夜晚。

在所有的天体中，月亮似乎是唯一能够改变形状和大小的星球。有时，它是一弯新月，有时是一个完整的圆圈（溜圆溜圆的）。人类计算日期，或是从这次新月到下次新月，或是从这次满月到下次满月，并称这段时间为一个月。这是人类计算时间的第二个阶段。

随后，人类注意到一天时间长短的变化和太阳热度的变化。人类观察到花草发芽，开花、枯萎，还观察到树木身着灰绿色的新装，而后变成棕褐色，最后外衣全部落光。人类对播种时节、收获时节，以及严寒的冬日有了初步的概念；然后，他们开始计算从一个播种时节到下

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一个播种时节，或从一个冬季到下一个冬季期间月亮升起的次数，接着有了一个伟大的发现---“十二个月是一年”。这样，人类第一次建立了年、月、日的概念。

2. 汉译英

I have a complicated family background. According to the official record, my native place is in Dayao County of Yunnan Province, where, in fact, is the birth place of my grandfather, a place I have never been to. My father was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, but he was grown up in Jiangsu, Shanghai, and studied in Harbin Institute of Technology. My mother was from Lǚcheng Town, Danyang City, Jiangsu Province, and entered Beijing Institute of Mining Technology after her graduation from Senior High School. My parents, after graduating from university, went to work in Henan Province where the life was hard. Though I was born in Henan, grown up in Henan, the issue where I was from had once puzzled me because my family and I were always regarded as “People from the South”by my neighbors and schoolmates when I was a child. Only when I left Henan after being graduated from senior high school did I begin to realize the sentimental attachment and love of my home town where I had live for 18 years. Today, if anyone asks me “Where are you from?”I would answer proudly (with pride): “I am from Henan.”Indeed, I was born in Henan, grown up in there; therefore, I am an out and out man from Henan Province.

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