四级听力技巧

在处理听力信息时不仅要用到考生的语言知识、听力识别能力，而且要求考生具备一定的知识、阅历和常识。在听的过程中不仅要分辨、捕捉到具体的语言细节，更要结合自己的知识和经历，去判断、分析、推理、归纳所听到的内容，并将所有获取的信息联系起来，才能得到一个完整的理解。必要时还须适当地做笔记，方可完成试题的要求。

必须具备扎实的语言功底，包括打好语音基础，掌握辨音能力；熟悉不同语音、语调；掌握四级词汇、短语，并熟悉其不同的表达方法；具有牢固的语法基础，熟悉不同的句型、句式；了解一定的文化背景知识，具有较广的知识面，从而更全面透彻地理解

听写融合了短文听力、完形填空和写作三大体型的特点，属于主观题型，考查单词拼写和句子表达能力。 考查项目 解题策略 考查性质 单词填空 原文精听 单词拼写 考查重点 评分标准 信息点的精确性 每个单词中任何拼写错误，都算全错 句子填空 抓句子大小短文写作 信息点的完整性 每少一个信息点或多一个不意 和表达的准确性 相干的信息点都要扣分，语法和拼写错误也要扣分，但语言错误不重复扣分 基本听写步骤 播放次数 播放特点 第一遍 第二遍 第三遍 听音重点 材料，把握全篇的脉络框架 仅句子填空停顿 以记为主、听为辅，着重用缩略形式作笔记。 全文朗读，没有停顿 以核查为主，着重细节，对照笔记和原文查漏补缺。 全文朗读，没有停顿 以听为主、记为辅，着重整体的理解。重点是借助文字听力材料。子听写技巧

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1． 拆分意群

意群指的是意义连贯的短语或从句，有比较独立的意思。无论是文本的阅读还是语

音朗读，意群的划分都是使句子意思更明了、理解更有效的一种手段。“拆分”语音流意群便于记录每个意群的中心词。 ① 利用读音规则拆分意群

对于一个较长的句子，可以根据意思和结构将其划分成为几个意群，但一个意群必须一口气说完。意群和意群之间可以稍作停顿，有的是为了换气，有的是为了使语流有所分割，意思表达更为清楚。所以，说话者每一次换气都可以作为一个意群的标记。

American’s houses, yards and even offices/ can seem open an inviting./ Yet in the minds of Americans,/ there are boundaries/ that other people are simply not supposed to cross.

② 记录每个意群的中心词

每个意群都有中心词，它们一般是意群内的实词，往往被重读。

意群的中心词是复合式听写中边听边“写”的内容，也是为“重构”和“嵌入”作

储备用的材料。 2． 重构句子

如果句子较短，能短时间内原词再现，就不需要费神去重构句子。需要重构的是结构复杂或包含不常用的词或表达方式的句子。 ① 句子结构不变，只替换词语

Jane is counting the days to go home for the summer vacation. Jane is eager to go home for the summer vacation.

② 整个结构转换成更口语化的表达，这种改写主要针对原文委婉、曲折或文气很重的表达。

I should bring the book to you, but it completely slipped my mind.

I had forgotten to bring the book. 3． 嵌入空格

“嵌入”是强调填入空格的内容要从形式和内容上符合上下文，而不是简单地把草稿上速记的笔记照搬到答卷。听写的内容要经过改写和润色，并紧密联系上下文，才可以得分。 ① 大小写问题

句首单词/ 专有名词 ② 词尾问题

名词单复数/ 动词/ 形容词

复合式听写中的常见错误：

1． 所填部分和上下文意义不吻合，或只填下只言片语，意思表述不清 没听懂原文所致。要听懂原文，除了要有一定的听力能力以外，还需要预先浏

览短文，猜测空格含义，这可以降低听力的难度，增加主动性。若能大致猜出空白处的含义，填入的内容就不会太离谱。 2． 所填部分不完整

可能是因为听懂了意思但无法快速记下所致。考生要调动一切精力强记所听内容，并想办法在最短时间内记下最多的关键词。听的时候，要辨别哪些是关键词，并尽快将它们记录下来，在填空时，用这些词把要表达的概念说清楚。关键词一般是实词，如动词，名词，形容词，副词等。记关键词有不同的方法，这些方法共同的原则是尽量简化，争取时间。 3 单词拼写错误

包括难词拼写错误，（特别是）元音字母写错，词尾错误，单复数错误，分词错误（遗漏-ed或-ing）等。后三种错误往往可以利用语法知识检查出来。

4 所填句子的时态与全文不一致

短对话 1． 预览选项 2． 聚焦猜测

依据选项的关键词猜测问题、预测对话内容。这种猜测可以使大脑调动特定场景的相关词汇和背景常识，以备推理和分析。

为了更有效地聚焦猜测，可以用笔在选项中的关键词下作记号，尽量在第一个对话开始前，将对话的所有题干都做好记号，若没做完，可利用对话间停顿的空隙进行。记号可依个人的习惯有所不同，如下划线或圈点等，但主要针对选项中的实词和同一题中各个选项间的差异处。在听到录音时，只要再扫视一下被圈点的词就行了。 3． 深层理解

“深层”是指作为答案的选项往往不是原文再现，而要把表层的意思同义转换或稍加推测，才得出答案。这是需要把所

听到的内容由表及里进一步理解，看哪个答案与内容吻合。

一．解题步骤 1．仔细审题。

仔细审题即从书面选择项中寻找潜在的信息，从而在听录音时有一个明确的方向。审

题的作用包括：（1）预测听力的内容；（2）分析题项之间的关系和规律，找到解题的关键。

下面具体来谈谈这两点：

文表述或其同义替换。 （二） 推断题

要依据说听到的内容，加上听者的常识和经验进行推理，才能得出答案。原文中一般不直接给出答案，但推断过程不会很复杂。 （三） 主旨题 主旨类题目主要考查考生对短文的主题或主旨大意

的理解，一般出现在短文的第一题或最后一题，所以短文的开头与结尾部分往往会成为考点。

Model Test One

CBBCD ACBAA CBAAB CDDBD ACADC 36．Website 37. proper 38. employment 39. status 40. regional 41. origins 42. derive 43. covered

44. The Received Pronunciation accent is more recent still, and reflects a way of speaking developed at the end of the nineteenth century.

45. we all have extensive first-hand experience, both as dialect-speakers and because of the ways dialects bring out strong social judgments.

46. The recordings on the Collect Britain website give us an opportunity to explore dialect features and the attitudes they bring out. Model Test Two

BCBBC DDDAC ABBAA BABDA CBBAD

Ambition Civil creative rough staff quitted Launched applied

And most of them had seen a lot more of life than Zaslow, who was 28 and not

married

His years in the advice business left him with a deep appreciation for people and their problems

I have much more faith in my fellow men than I had before and I’ve read more letters to back that up

Model test Three

BBACB ACCAC CCBDA DDADA BDDCA

Prevent comfortable automatically tighten muscles bearable windscreen protect You’re as likely to choose glasses as much for their designs as for the qualities Nor should they be so delicate that they’ll be broken the moment you put them in your back pocket by mistake

If you’re in doubt, you can get professional help from a doctor to make sure that you won’t make a mistake

Model test Four

DCCBD ABCBC ADDBB DCBDA DDABC

Issued current payments welcome charged victim opened credit

That company developed a way to represent credit risk with a number based on information gathered by credit reporting agencies

However, according to a latest survey, lenders are not the only ones interested in these numbers

People with high scores can expect lower interest rates for loans because the higher the score, the lower the risk

Model test Six

CDBCB CCDCA BBCAD BACAC BBACD

Suburb raise retirement vacation positive appreciation constitutes casual

For a Frenchman, a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more specific and carries a heavier burden of commitment

But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear

Model test seven

DABAC CCBAB ADBBC CBAAA BCBAC

Determination leak suspected decide investigate excuses pressure intense

The logic is not reliable, just because someone is available to be bribed doesn’t mean you should bribe them

Five to eight of his colleagues had asked for bribes from potential host cities Whether or not more offences are uncovered, the Games will go on— and they will certainly be held in America

Model test Eight

DBDBD CBBDB CDAAB DACDC BACAB

Definitions involves massive purpose meant terrorist criminal bombing

You can see, terrorism is an act meant to produce fear without caring about human life

They area eager to be dramatic and attract attention by carrying out a bloody act The terrorists want an audience such as a rival ethnic group, a religious group, or an

entire country

Model test Nine

BCDCD ABCAD BCDAB ADAAD AABAC

Procedure ensure purchased counter security prohibited everyone’s manually You will go to the designated boarding area and gate to wait for your plane The plane is equipped with emergency exits in case you have to leave the plane Be sure to read the safety instruction card located in the pocket of the seat in front of you

Model test Ten

CACDC ABDAC BCBAD CDAAB CACDB

Offering institutions certain evaluate verses access human physically Meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language The challenge of adapting to a new culture and way of life

Provides you with opportunities to grow beyond the classroom through cultural and educational activities. Model test e

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