高一现在完成时讲解及练习(含答案)(可编辑修改word版)

现在完成时讲解及练习（含答案）

一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)

二．句型：

否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)

三．用法

（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

I have spent all of my money (so far). (含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)

My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)

（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

①for+时段

②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句（过去时）

●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）

My father has been to Shanghai.

Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）

My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.

五．现在完成时的标志

1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这

种含义:

*以already, just 和yet 为标志

He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。

He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。

*以ever 和never 为标志

This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。

*以动作发生的次数为标志

He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。

*以so far（到目前为止）为标+before

He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。

She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。

* ①for+时段

②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志

注意：

1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等;

2)不能与when 连用

3) 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

六．瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ……）不能直接与for 和since 连用。要改变动词

buy----have borrow -----keep come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out --- be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish----be over open --- b e open

close -----be closed die --- b e dead

★1.have 代替buy

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

★2、用keep 或have 代替borrow

I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

★3、用be 替代become

How long has your sister been a teacher?

★4、用have a cold 代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

★5、a)用wear 代替put on

b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

1、be＋married 代marry

2、be＋ill 代fall (get) ill

3、be＋dead 代die

4、be＋asleep 代fall (get) asleep

5、be＋awake 代wake/wake up

6、be＋gone 代lose,die,sell,leave

7、be＋open 代open

8、be closed 代close/shut

9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

1、“be＋on”代start,begin

2、“be＋up”代get up

3、“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to

4、“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here 或go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等

d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

1、“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2、用be in the army 代替join the army

3、“be in/at +地点”代替move to

现在完成时练习

一、单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

3、Have you met Mr Li ？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

5、—Our country a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even .

Ａ. has changed well Ｂ. changed good Ｃ. has changed better Ｄ. changed better 6、Zhao Lan already in this school for two years .

Ａ. was studying Ｂ. will study Ｃ. has studied Ｄ. are studying

7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice .

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—you your homework yet ? —Yes . I it a moment ago .

Ａ. Did do finished Ｂ. Have done finished Ｃ. Have done have finished Ｄ. will do finish

11 、His father the Party since 1978 .

Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We friends since ten years ago .

Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、—How long have you here ? —About two months .

Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play for ten minutes .

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began

15、It ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

16 、Miss Green isn't in the office . she to the library .

Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 17、My parents Shandong for ten years .

Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

19 、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

20 、His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）

2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) ＿＿＿＿they been here?

3、The old man last year. He＿＿＿＿for a year. (die) （动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

Her mother the Party three years .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

two years the Green family moved to France.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)

三、汉译英。

1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2、他昨天收到一封信。

3、我父亲以前到过长城。

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、她去过上海。

6、他这些天上哪儿去了？

参考答案：

一、单项选择。

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。

这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。

2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，

也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故 2 应选B。

3、C

4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last+ 一段时间”

等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去

某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4 应选D。

5、C

6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6

应选C。

7、C

8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）

等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8 应选B。

9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者

又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重

点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）连用。故9 的正确答

案为B。

10、B

11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for 和since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通

常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11 的正确答案依次为：D。

12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。

16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16 的正确答案为A。

17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C

二、句型转换。

1、has he?

2、How long

3、died, has been dead

4、has been open

5、has been away

6、joined；ago

7、It is, since

8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.

三、汉译英。

1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.

2、He received a letter yesterday.

3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.

4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.

5、She has been to Shanghai.

6、Where has he been these days？

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