高中英语 unit1gramma学案 新人教版选修7

Book7 unit1 Grammar—the infinitive

Learning Goals:

To learn the function of the infinitive.

Ability Goals:

To master the use of the infinitive

1.The function of the infinitive

不定式，本领强，六种成分都能当。（主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾补）

2. The use of the infinitive

作主语

To finish the work in a week is impossible.

可用it 作形式主语_________________________________________

注意：与doing作主语的区别：表示经常性、习惯性的抽象动作，一般用动名词作主语；表示具体的，特别是将来的动作，一般是用不定式结构作主语。

比较：Getting up early is a good habit.

作宾语

1)有些动词能直接不定式作宾语

offer, learn, plan, ask, promise, agree, help, prepare, hope, decide, choose, refuse, manage,

wish, want, expect, demand, determine, pretend…

2)动词+疑问词+不定式

decide, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, think,understand,wonder 3)有些动词或动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。

admit, appreciate, avoid, ca n’t stand, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine, insist on, keep(on),look forward to, mind, miss, pay attention to, practise, put off, stick to, suggest…

4)有些动词如allow, advise, forbid, permit等可接动名词作宾语;但有名词或代词作宾语时,则接不定式作宾补.例如

The doctor advised taking a week’s rest.

The doctor advised us to take a week’s rest.

5)begin, continue, hate, like, love 等词后接动名词或不定式意义基本一样,但like, love与should, would连用时,接不定式作宾语.如

Would you like ________(leave) a message?

6) need, require, want表示主语“需要”(被作某种处置)”,后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式.

The TV set needs mending again.

The TV set needs to be mended again.

7).某些动词或短语后接动名词或不定式意义不同.

go on doing sth go on to do sth forget doing sth forget to do sth stop doing sth stop to do sth remember doing sth remember to do sth try doing sth try to do sth mean doing sth mean to do sth can’t help doing sth can’t help (to) do sth

regret doing sth regret to do sth

表语

1)不定式常用在系动词be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语.

To the doctor, the most important thing is to save the lives.

This suit doesn’t seem to fit her.

注意:动名词作表语与不定式作表语时,动名词接近名词,故表示的动作较抽象,或表示一种习惯;而不定式较接近动词,常常表示某个具体的动作,特别是将来或尚未发生的动作.且要注意保持前后一致性.

定语

1）不定式作定语,当被修饰的动词是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式作主动形式;但与所修饰的词有意义上的动宾关系,其后应加一个适当的介词.

We are busy now. We have a meeting to attend.

There are five pairs to choose from, but I’m at a loss which to buy.

2)不定式可用在the first, the second以及the only和最高级等后面作定语

She likes to listen to Mr Li’s lessons, so she is always the first to come and the last to leave

状语

1)不定式作状语主要用来表示目的,有时也可表示（出乎意料的）结果和原因.为了强调目的,有时可把不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加 in order或 so as.

1)Tom kept quiet about the accident ____ lose his job.

A.so not as to

B.so as not to

C.so as to not

D.not so as to

2)He hurried to the airport, only___ the plane had left.

A.found

B.finding

c.to find D.had find

宾补

引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等+sb(not) to do sth I expect you to give me some help

五看watch, see, look at, observe, notice

三使 let, make, have + sb do sth（不带to）

二听 listen to, hear

一感觉 feel

但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：

如：They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.

The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree

不定式专项练习

一、根据中文意思完成句子。

1. His wish is ______________________.(当一名科学家)。

2. Their work is ____________________（采访残疾人）。

3. ______________ （照相）is my part-time job.

4. How about _____________________________?（我们在睡觉前读一个故事）

5. The building ________________ （下星期要完工的）is a boarding house for the teachers.

6. What they wanted to know was _____________________（什么时候开始这项工作）。

7. _________________ （你有什么要说的）at the meeting?

8.(爱和被爱)___________________ are both great happiness.

9.I want this bike __________________ (立刻修理)。

10. He has no choice ________________(只好等待)。

二、句型转换：用动词不定式改写句子划线部分

1. She pretended that she was sleeping when her father entered the room.

She pretended_______________ when her father entered the room.

2. Tom kept quiet about the accident so that he would not lose his job.

Tom kept quite about he accident______ lost his job.

3. The coach made the basketball players train eight hours a day.

The basketball players were made_______ eight hours a day.

4. People believed that it was Andrew that stole the wallet

Andrew was ________________ the wallet.

5.We will complete a bridge next month. The bridge will be the longest one in our country.

The bridge_______ next month will be the longest one in our country

三、翻译下列句子

1、我没有书写的钢笔。 __________________________________________

2、学好一门外语不是件容易的事。___________________________________

3、如何消除污染仍然是一个问题。______________________________________

4、你能告诉我什么时候出发吗？

5. 我从医生那里得到的建议是少吃多运动。

6. 老师警告我们不要在课堂上吵闹。

7. 金教授就如何学习英语给我们提了些很好的建议。

8. 杰克没被邀请参加舞会，感到很沮丧。

9. 在这么短的时间内解决这个问题，这对我们来说是个很艰巨的任务。

10. 我很高兴再次见到你。

四、单项选择

1. .When and where to build the new power station ______ yet.

A. is not decided

B. are not decided

C. has not decided

D. have not decided

2. Is______ necessary to change trains at Beijing?

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. he

3. She pretended ____the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.

A. not to receive

B. not receiving

C. not to hear from

D. having not received

4. I can’t imagine _____that with such a famous author.

A. work

B. to work

C. to be working

D. working

5. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

6. I’m thirsty. Would you please give me something________.

A. drunk B to drink C. to be drunk D. for drinking

7. Mrs. Smith warned her husband _____after drinking again and again.

A. never to drive

B. to never drive

C. never driving

D. never rive

8. They knew her very well. They had seen her ____up from childhood.

A. grow B .grew C. was growing D. to grow

9. My teacher was made _____ his teaching because of poor health.

A.giving up

B. to give up

C. give up

D. given up

10. I found the German language hard ____.

A.learned

B. learning

C. to be learned

D. to learn

11. The light in the office is still on.

--- Oh, I forgot ______.

A.turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it

off

12. .---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ---The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.

A.to solving, making

B. to solving, made

C. to solve, making

D. to solve,

made

13. ---Did you get a job?

--- No, I ___ , but it’s no use.

A. expected

B. tried to

C. managed to

D. planned

14. .___ a living, she had to work from morning till night.

A. To make

B. Made

C. Making

D. To have made

15. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening.

A. to be taken

B. to take

C. being taken

D. taking

翻译下面的句子

1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。

_____________________ are both great happiness.

2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。

He is said _________________________

________.

3 根据报道他们已安全到达。

They are reported ___________________.

4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。

I want this bike _____________________

______________.

5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。

Mary seemed ______________________.

6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚

金牌。

He is known _________________ a gold medal at the Olympics.

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