环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案

环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案（第二版）

——钟理主编

Exercises 0

Write an article about yourself, including personal background, family, education, interests, ambitions and others. Write as much as you would like to.

About Myself

My name is Qin Zheng. I am from Xiangshan, which is a small town in Ningbo District. It is very beautiful and nowadays a lot of films and TV programmes are shot there. More and more people went there for a holiday. The people there are laborious, virtuous and warm hearted. I’m much felicitated that I was born and raised up there. It is my hometown and I will love it forever.

My family has been engaged in farming for generations. My relatives are all farmers. My ancestors and my parents have plotted all their life on thin ground. In my family, my father, my mother and I, that’s all.

Now I’m in grade three, a third year student in Jiaxing University. Since I have made a lot of friends, I find life in this university both happy and rewarding. I live happily here. I like climbing mountains. I like singing, listening classical music. I like essay, also novel, but my favorite is essay. Unfortunately, although I have read so much, my writing is still not very good.

I hope that I can be an useful person for our society. But at the moment, my knowledge is still not rich enough. In order to realize my objectives in life, I will study hard and gain more and more skills and knowledge, such as speaking English and using computer. If I have enough money after graduation from school, I will study driving. It is good to have a good job when someone can drive a car or a bus.

Unit 1 (P.4)

1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. life expectancy ： 耐用期限，平均寿命

poverty-stricken ： 贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的

smog-laden air ： 烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气 global conditions ： 全球状况

haves and have-nots ： 富人和穷人

underprivileged ： 社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的 savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原 predator ：食肉动物，捕食者

environmental disruptions ： 环境破坏，环境失调

2 Put the following into English.

农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide) 化肥—chemical fertilizer 有机废物—organic wastes

微生物—microorganism / microbe 衰减—attenuation

阻滞的—retardant / blocking 稀释—dilution 添加剂—additive

合成塑料—synthetic plastic 再生—regeneration

Unit 3 (P.19)

1 Put the following into Chinese.

(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste. 原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。

(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement. 不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接触时间将减少工艺过程中化学品的有用性，增加处理废弃物 的费用以及替换化学药品的费用。

(3) Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadmium bath.

洛克希德（公司）成功地将碱性氰化镉溶液槽改变为酸性不含氰化镉的溶液槽。 (4) Do not try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas. 不要进行重复研究。发展网络伙伴以分享思想。

3 Put the following into Chinese.

Waste reduction/waste/minimization: 减少废物/废弃物/最小化

In-process: 工程内，进程内 Housekeeping: 维持管理

Equipment modification landfills: 设备改造，填埋 Biodegradable solvents: 可生物降解溶剂 Volatile chemicals: 挥发性化学品

Management commitment: 管理层的承诺

Unit 5 (P.34)

1 Put the following words or phrase into Chinese. primary pollutant 一次大气污染物 secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物 air stagnation 空气流动停滞，大气停滞 nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O) nitric oxide 一氧化氮(NO)

nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2) soot 煤烟 dust 灰尘 smog 烟雾 ozone 臭氧

herbicide 除草剂

pesticide 杀虫剂 / 农药

2 Put the following into English. 正常浓度 normal concentration

严重污染的 serious polluted / heavily polluted 决定因素 determining factor

光化学氧化物 photochemical oxidant 液体微滴 liquid droplet

放射性物质 radioactive substance

不完全氧化 incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion 含硫的 sulfur-containing

风化 wind erosion / weathering 汽车尾气 automobile exhaust

Unit 6 (P.40)

1 Put the following into Chinese

(1) The most severe sequence of CO2 induced global warning would be melting of the polar ice-caps and the subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plains.

由CO2 所引起的全球变暖的最严重后果是极地冰帽的熔化，以及随之而来的海平面上升所 引发的沿海平原的洪水。

(2) Although global warming from the already elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 has been predicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed.

虽然大多数气候模型已经预测大气中CO2 浓度的增加将引起全球变暖，但对于这样的气候 变暖还没有实证观察过。

(3) Although they indicate trends in average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortunately coincide with increased industrialization and pollution. 尽管这些资料表明了平均地面温度和气候的趋势，但不幸的是，恰恰遇上了这段时期内日益 增强的工业化和污染。

2 Put the following into English. 温室效应 effect of greenhouse 由二氧化碳引起的 caused by CO2 世界碳预算 world carbon budget

天气的自然波动 natural fluctuations in climate 全球变暖 global warming 厌氧的 anaerobic 甲烷 methane

臭氧层 ozonosphere

气候模型 climatic models 腐烂 decay

Unit 7 (P.47)

3 Put the following into English. 出口 outlet

多管高效旋风分离器 multitube high-efficiency cyclone 合成纤维 synthetic fabric 捕集效率 collection efficiency 机械洗涤 mechanical scrubbing 压力降 pressure drop 焚化炉 incinerator 气体离子 gas ion

捕集板 collection surface 碳黑 carbon black

Unit 8 (P.52)

1 Put the following into English.

尾气 off-gas

可应用性 applicability 工业规模 full-scale 土壤床 soil bed

生物过滤器 biofilter 固定资本 fixed capital

易生物降解的 easily biodegraded

2 Put the following into Chinese. VOC 挥发性有机化合物 APC 大气污染控制

Regulatory program 调整项目 Financial support 财政支持 Operating cost 操作成本

Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力 Environmental media 环境介质 Biological 生物学的

Technologies 技术、工艺

Inorganic air pollutants 无机大气污染物

Unit 10 (P.66)

1 Put the following into Chinese. treatment facilities 处理设备 per capita per day 每人每天 municipality 市政当局, 自治市 population equivalent 人口当量 basement flooding 地下室浸水 runoff 排水

domestic sewage 生活污水 type of terrain 地形种类

Unit 11 (P.73)

1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. unpalatable 味道差的

volatile chemicals 挥发性的化学药品 scale in hot pipes 热水管积垢 harbor pathogens 窝藏病原体 precipitate 使沉淀

turbid 混浊的

intermittent sources 间歇的污染源 fixtures 固定设备

2 According to Reading Material, put the following into English. 合成有机化合物 synthetic organic compound 微生物性能 microbiological properties 普遍接受 universal acceptance 食品加工 food processing 精馏 rectification

蒸发和冷凝 evaporation and condensation 土壤腐蚀 erosion of soil

过滤作用 percolating/ filtration 副产品 byproduct 脱盐 desalination

Unit 12 (P.81)

1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. land disposal 掩埋处置 fecal coliform 粪大肠菌群

stringent effluent requirement 严格的废水排放要求 assimilation capacity 同化能力

practical outlets 可行的排出途径，现实出路 aquatic life 水生生物

detrimental to human health 对人体健康有害的 endogenous phase 内源〔生长〕期

Unit 13 (P.89)

1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. flow monitoring 流量监测

equipment age and reliability 装备老化及其可靠性 mechanistic facilities 机械设备 microbial activity 微生物活性 activated sludge 活性污泥

controlling respiration 控制呼吸 oxidation ditches 氧化沟

on-line automation 在线自动〔监测〕

2 Based on Reading Material, put the following into English. 手动控制 operator control/ manual control 最优化 minimize the effects 微处理器 microprocessor 统计分析 statistical analysis 质量衡算 mass balance 动力学 dynamics

氧化还原 oxidation and reduction /redox 停留时间 residence time 模拟 simulation 参数 parameter 水解 hydrolysis 积分 integral

Unit 23 (P.157)

1 Put the following into English. 吸声材料 sound adsorbing media 弹性介质 elastic media

蒸汽打桩机 steam-powered pile driver 耳塞 ear plug

劳动部 department of labor

环保局 Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） 环保法 environmental protection law

Unit 24 (P.163)

1 Put the following into Chinese.

preempted and defaced land 过早地遭受破坏的土地 personal conveniences 个人的便利生活条件 lavish dependency 过量依赖 solar collectors 太阳集热器 undue sacrific 过度牺牲 social attitudes 社会态度 patterns of living 生活方式

再生纸废水物化处理方法研究

摘要：通过对三种无机混凝剂（聚合氧化铝、聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁）和一种有机混凝剂（聚丙烯酰胺）在不同影响因素（投加量、pH 值、搅拌速度、搅拌时间）下，对再生纸废水物化处理效果的研究，选出各种混凝剂的最佳投加量、pH 值、搅拌速度和搅拌时间，结果聚合氧化铝在处理再生纸废水方面效果最好。结果表明：1%聚合氧化铝在pH 值为6～7范围内，投加量为8mL，以150r/min 的搅拌速度搅拌6 分钟，再生纸废水的浊度去除率可以达到90%以上，COD 的去除率可以达到80%上。

关键词：再生纸废水；聚合氧化铝；聚合氯化铝；聚合硫酸铁；聚丙烯酰胺

The Physical-chemistry Processing Method Research of Waste Water in the

Process of

Producing Regenerated Paper

Abstract: By way of research three kinds of inorganic coagulants ( polymerization alumina,polymerization aluminum chloride and polymerization iron sulfate ) and one kind of organiccoagulant ( polyprogylene polyam ide ) under the different influence factors ( throwing thecapacity adding, pH's value, stirs speed, stirs time ), to waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper the physical chemistry processing effect, selects out that various coagulants optimum throwing the capacity adding, pH's value, stirs speed and stirs time, concludes to polymerization alumina at the aspect that deals with waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper effect is the best. Indicates: 1%polymerization alumina in pH's value is for 6 – 7 scopes at last, throws the capacity adding for 8mL, with 150r / min the stirring speed stirred 6 minutes, the haziness of waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper goes that removing rate can achieve more than 90%, and COD goes that removing rate can achieve more than 80%.

Key words: waste water in the process of producing regenerated

paper;polymerization alumina;polymerization aluminum chloride; polymerization

iron sulfate; polyprogylene polyam ide

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