1--8新视野大学英语听说3

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unit1 parents
part a

Additional questions for discussion
1. How would you describe your relationship with your parents?

I have a very good relationship with my parents. We are a close family and love each other very much. I like to tell my parents about what I do at school and they are always interested in what I have to tell them. Since I came to college, I think there have been some changes in our relationship. I remember, when I was in middle school, it was usually my parents who did most of the talking when we spent time together. They would have endless advice to give to me. Now it seems to be the other way round. They tend to do more listening than talking.

2. Is there a generation gap between you and your parents? How do you resolve your differences?

Yes, there's something you could call a generation gap. My parents and I have different opinions on quite a few things. My parents don't like the type of music I listen to. They don't seem to have any interest in football or basketball. They think little of the fashion that is popular on university campuses. I, on my part, don't exactly share some of their interests and concerns. But we never let our differences hurt our feelings for each other. Most of the time we would agree to disagree.

3. Do you and your parents believe in different values? Are your parents living models of their system of values?

I have very similar values to my parents'. After all, I acquired most of my values from them. We all believe in being honest, working hard for one's goal, and taking one's responsibilities seriously. In this respect, my parents are my role models. On certain minor issues, however, we do have different values. For example, unlike my father, who's a big fan of Beijing Opera, my mother and I couldn't care less about this traditional art.


part b
text1
Dating with My Mother (Part One)

After 22 years of marriage, I have discovered the secret to keep love alive in my relationship with my wife, Peggy. I started dating with another woman.
It was Peggy's idea. One day she said to me, "Life is too short, you need to spend time with the people you love. You probably won't believe me, but I know you love her and I think that if the two of you spend more time together, it will make us closer."
The "other" woman my wife was encouraging me to date is my mother, a 72-year-old widow who has lived alone since my father died 20 years ago. Right after his death, I moved 2,500 miles away to California and started my own life and career. When I moved back near my hometown six years ago, I promised myself that I would spend more time with mom. But with the demands of my job and three kids, I never got around to seeing her much beyond family get-togethers and holidays.
Mom was surprised and suspicious when I called and suggested t
he two of us go out to dinner and a movie.
"What's wrong?" she asked.
"I thought it would be nice to spend some time with

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you," I said. "Just the two of us."
"I would like that a lot," she said.
When I pulled into her driveway, she was waiting by the door with her coat on. Her hair was curled, and she was smiling. "I told my lady friends I was going out with my son, and they were all impressed. They can't wait to hear about our evening," Mother said.


Questions:

1. What would make the speaker closer to his wife, Peggy?
2. What do you know about the speaker's mother?
3. Which of the following adjectives best describes Peggy?

text2
Dating with My Mother (Part Two)

We didn't go anywhere fancy, just a neighborhood place where we could talk. Since her eyes now see only large shapes and shadows, I had to read the menu for both of us.
"I used to be the reader when you were little," she said.
"Then it is time for you to relax and let me return the favor," I said.
We had a nice talk over dinner, just catching up on each other's lives. We talked for so long that we missed the movie.
"I'll go out with you again," my mother said as I dropped her off, "but only if you let me buy dinner next time."
I agreed.
"How was your date?" my wife asked when I got home that evening.
"Nice...nicer than I thought it would be," I said.
Mom and I get out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we take in a movie, but mostly we talk. I tell her about my trails at work and brag about the kids and Peggy. Mom fills me in on family gossip and tells me about her past. Now I know what it was like for her to work in a factory during the Second World War. I know how she met my father there, and know how they went through the difficult times. I can't get enough of these stories. They are important to me, a part of my history. We also talk about the future. Because of health problems, my mother worries about the days ahead.
Spending time with my mom has taught me the importance of slowing down. Peggy was right. Dating another woman has helped my marriage.


Questions:

1. What does the story mainly tell us?
2. Which of the following is true?
3. What can you learn from the story?

part c

Short Conversations


1.
W: You know, many American parents are now wondering why they can't keep their teenage children from drinking.
M: I'm aware of that. To my mind, it's the permissive attitude of the parents that is to blame.
Q: What can you learn from the man's response?

2.
M: Don't you think it's good to give our children a monthly allowance?
W: I think so. It can teach them the value of money. With a monthly allowance they can learn to budget their expenses wisely.
Q: What are they talking about?

3.
M: Mom, I've got a part-time job at a supermarket. Three hours a day weekdays and all day Saturday.
W: Congratulations, Tom. But are you sure you can
handle it? What about your homework and your piano lessons?
Q: How does the mother feel about Tom's part-time job at the supermarket?

4

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.
M: Hey, Mary. You look so upset. What happened?
W: My father had an accident the other day. He is now in hospital and will have an operation tomorrow. You see, his heart is rather weak. I really don't know whether he can survive it.
Q: What's the woman worried about?

5.
W: Mother's Day is coming soon. Could you tell me what sons and daughters do in your country on that day?
M: Well, they send their mothers flowers and cards to celebrate the occasion. Besides, it is a common practice for them to wear pink carnations on that day.
Q: Which of the following is true of the customs of Mother's Day in the man's country?

Picture 1

In this picture we see a mother changing nappies for her baby. We all say that babies bring about happiness to a family, but I'll say being a parent to a baby is a tough job. In addition to changing nappies, you have to feed him, bathe him, put him to sleep. And when he learns to walk you have to hold him carefully in case he falls over. That's an even tougher job, because to keep the baby from falling you have to bend low all the time. So there's a lot of responsibility in being a parent.

Picture 2

A couple is taking their son for a walk in a park. The boy is holding both his parents' hands, swinging happily. Even though being a parent to a young child can be a very tough job, it can be fun as well. For most parents, the fun is greater than the hard work. Every progress of the kid, like the first time he can speak or walk would bring about joy to the family

Picture 3

The picture shows a middle-aged woman taking care of an old lady. I think she's taking care of her mother, who is sick in bed but feels happy. That is the way life goes on. When you're kids, your parents take care of everything for you. They make sure that you'll grow up healthy, and be a useful person to the society. And when they get old and weak it is your responsibility to take care of them. Old people need love and more comfort from their children.

part d

1 My First Job
My parents ran a small restaurant. It was open twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. My first job was shining shoes for customers when I was six years old. My duties increased as I grew older. By age ten I was clearing tables and washing plates. My father made it clear that I had to meet certain standards. I had to be on time, hard-working and polite to the customers. I was never paid for any work I did. One day I made the mistake of telling Dad I thought he should give me ten pounds a week. He said, "OK, then how about you paying me for the three meals a day when you eat here and for the times you bring your friends here for free drinks?" He figured I owed him about 40 pounds a week. This taught me quite a lot.

Statement is true or false

1. The speaker had more than one responsibility at his pa
rents' restaurant.
2. The speaker's parents kept their business open around the clock.
3. It can be inferred that the speaker's

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family lived in the United States.
4. It seems that the speaker's father was very strict with him but quite kind to his friends.
5. The father finally agreed to pay his child for his work but would deduct the cost of his meals.
6. This story shows that the speaker has very unhappy memories of his childhood.

2 A Family Meeting

Father: I've asked you all to meet together tonight, so we can discuss our family's finances. We've had some extra expenses lately and I think we all need to be aware of our situation.
Nancy: Dad, we all know that money has been a little tight lately and I'm sure we'd all like to help out. I have been earning some money mowing lawns this spring and I think I have two or three more jobs lined up. I'd be happy to contribute what I make to the family finances.
Father: That's very generous of you, Nancy. Mother and I know you work hard for your money, so your offer is especially gratifying. We will accept it as long as it's really needed.
Nick: I don't have a job now, but my friend Bill has a job delivering newspapers. He told me there was going to be an opening for a new paperboy. He thought I had a good chance of getting the job. If I get it, I'd like to help out, too.
Mother: Thank you, Nick. That would be very helpful.
Peggy: I have an idea for saving some money.
Mother: What's that, Peggy?
Peggy: We could take our vacation in our back yard this summer. Wouldn't it be fun just to camp there and cook all our food on the camp stove?
Mother: That's a very creative idea, Peggy. We could save money and it would be very easy to go home when we got tired of camping.
Father: I don't know why I ever worried about money. With a family like ours, I'm sure we could solve any problem. Thank you all so much. You're all generous and caring. That's what makes a strong and happy family.
Mother: I think it's not bad to have a few problems now and then. If we didn't have some bad times, we wouldn't know how to appreciate the good times. When we have to work to overcome problems, it helps bind our family together.

unit 2 coincidence
part a
1. What can coincidences do? Are they mostly beneficial or harmful?

Coincidences may mean different things to different people. Because many coincidences are so interesting, they make good stories. Writers, reporters and story-tellers could make use of such events to make their stories more entertaining. In this sense, coincidences are useful or beneficial. But to superstitious (迷信的) people, coincidences may be regarded as something supernatural (超自然的) and serve to strengthen their blind faith. They might lead them to do stupid things to seek good luck or avoid bad luck. That, I guess, would be meaningless or harmful.

2. Do you think there is a cause and effect relationship between events that share some
similarities? Why or why not?

I believe that in most such cases a cause and effect relationship would be an exception rather than a rule. Tho

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ugh they seem to have some kind of connection, most coincidences actually happen by accident only. If you examine them carefully, you will find that they are not so related or similar as they seem to be.

3. What do you think can be the causes of coincidences? Do you think coincidences are beyond chance?

I think coincidences can be caused by different things, but none of them would be supernatural. I think chance is probably the best word you can use when you talk about a coincidence. When you try to find out about the nature of a so-called coincidence, what you will learn often has less to do with what you look at than how you look at it.

part b
text1
What a Coincidence! (Part One)

Andrew had always wanted to be a doctor. But the tuition for a medical school in 1984 was 15,000 dollars a year, which was more than his family could afford. To help him realize his dream, his father, Mr. Stewart, a real estate agent, began searching the house-for-sale ads in newspapers in order to find extra business. One advertisement that he noted down was for the sale of a house in a nearby town. Mr. Stewart called the owner, trying to persuade him to let him be his agent. Somehow he succeeded and the owner promised that he would come to him if he failed to get a good deal with his present agent. Then they made an appointment to meet and discuss the thing.
As good things are never easy to acquire, the time for the appointment had to be changed almost ten times. On the day when they were supposed to meet at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. Stewart received another call from the owner. His heart sank as he feared there would be another change of time. And so it was. The owner told him that he couldn't make it at three but if he would come right then, they could talk it over. Mr. Stewart was overjoyed. Leaving everything aside, he immediately set out to drive to the house.
As he approached the area, he had a strange feeling of having been there before. The streets, the trees, the neighborhood, all looked familiar to him. And when he finally reached the house, something clicked in his mind. It used to be the house of his father-in-law! The old man had died fifteen years ago but when he was alive, he had often visited him with his wife and children. He remembered that, like his son Andrew, his father-in-law had also wanted to study medicine and, failing to do so, had always hoped that one of his two daughters or his grandchildren could someday become a doctor.


Questions:

1. Who are the two main characters in the story you have just heard?
2. How did Mr. Stewart get to know the owner of the house?
3. What problem did Mr. Stewart have?
4. What is the coincidence in the story you have just heard?
text2
What a Coincidence! (Part Two)

When he entered the house, Mr. Stewart was e
ven more amazed to find that the house was decorated exactly as he had remembered it. He told the owner about this and the latter became intrigu

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ed too. However, they were in for even greater surprises. It so happened that in the middle of their discussion, a postman came to deliver a letter. And the letter was addressed to Mr. Stewart's father-in-law! Were it not for Mr. Stewart's presence there and then, the letter would be returned as no person of that name lived in the house any longer. As the postman demanded a signature on the receipt slip, Mr. Stewart signed for his long-deceased father-in-law. Mystified, the owner urged Mr. Stewart to open the letter and see what it contained. The letter was from a bank. When he opened it, two words immediately met his eye -- 'For education'. It was a bank statement of an amount his father-in-law had put in years ago for his grandchildren's education needs. With the interest it had earned over the years, the standing value of the amount came to a little over $15,000, just enough money to cover the tuition of Andrew's first year at a medical college!
Another thing that is worth mentioning is about the postman. The original postman, who had worked in this neighborhood, called in sick that day. So the postman, who was new to the area, came to deliver mail in his place. Had it been the old postman, the letter would undoubtedly be returned to the sender as he knew full well that no person bearing that name lived in that house any longer.
The miracle was a blessing for Andrew. With the money given to him by his grandfather he was able to study medicine. Now he is a doctor in Illinois.



Statements:

1. Several coincidences happened in the story.
2. The coincidences made it possible for the owner to sell his house at a good price.
3. No one actually benefited from the coincidences.
4. It can be inferred that Mr. Stewart did not have to seek extra work from then on.
5. With the extra money Mr. Stewart had earned, Andrew's dream finally came true.

part c

Dad Stops for Gas, Finds Lost Son


Nueng Garcia was the son of an American serviceman stationed in Thailand in 1969. But his father went back to the States when Nueng was only three months old. When he grew up Nueng immigrated to the United States and worked as a gas station clerk in Pueblo, Colorado. His dream was to find his father John Garcia. Year after year, he tried in vain to search for information about the whereabouts of his father.
It was a fine day in Pueblo. There was not a cloud in the blue sky. But for him, it was just another day on the job. Suddenly he noticed the name of one customer who paid with a check. The man, who was in his fifties, had the same surname as his own. Nueng raised his head from the check and looked at the man. Could this be his father?
"Are you John Garcia?" he asked.
"Yes," came the answer.
"Were you ever in the Air Force?"
"Yes."
"Were you ever in Thailand?"
&qu
ot;What's that to do with you?" answered the man, who became suspicious by then.
"Were you or were you not?" Nueng persiste

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d.
"Yes."
"Did you ever have a son?"
At this, the truth dawned on the man. They stared at each other and realized at the same moment that they were father and son who were separated 27 years ago and half a world away.
John Garcia hadn't seen his son since 1969. He lost touch with Nueng's mother when she started seeing another man. He moved to Pueblo nine years ago. He said he never went to that gas station, wasn't even low on gas that day and hardly ever paid with a check.



Statements:


1. Nueng's parents porced when he was only 3 months old.
2. After moving to the U.S.A., Nueng worked at a gas station in Colorado.
3. Nueng never gave up his efforts to find his father, but John Garcia had never looked for his son.
4. One day while at work Nueng's eyes fell on the photo of a customer's driver's license, and the man in the photo looked like his father.
5. John Garcia was once in the U.S. Air Force stationed in Thailand.
6. John Garcia and his son didn't meet each other again until 1996.
7. Nueng's father said he often went to that gas station but never paid with a check.
8. It was by coincidence that John Garcia and his son were reunited after many years of separation.

Picture 1

This is a humorous cartoon picture. The man is probably playing a game against the computer. It's already late into the night and his blood-shot eyes are popping out at the screen. He is receiving a blood transfusion. From the man's facial expression, we can be sure that he's a loser to the computer. Yet, he is still playing. With a blood transfusion, he hopes to beat the computer.

Picture 2

The picture shows a kind of business meeting. On the table we can see a mobile phone, a cup of coffee, some paper and a notepad. Three men are holding their hands high and cheering. Maybe they didn't expect that their views for discussion were so alike. So with little effort, they've reached an agreement

Picture 3

Three business people are in the picture. Perhaps they are having a break after a long business meeting. We can assume the meeting is long and difficult, for the clock on the wall indicates that it's already 12:10 p.m. and they don't have time for lunch. So they just ask for a quick meal of sandwiches. Yet, even though the meal is brought up to them, none of them feels like stopping their discussion.

part d

Unexplained Parallels


One of the best-known collections of parallels is between the careers of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. Both were shot on a Friday, in the presence of their wives; both were succeeded by a Southerner named Johnson; both their killers were themselves killed before they could be brought to justice. Lincoln had a secretary called Kennedy; Kennedy a secretary called Lincoln. Lincoln was killed in the
Ford Theater; Kennedy met his death while riding in a Lincoln convertible made by the Ford Motor Company — and so on.
Similar coincidences of

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ten occur between twins. A news story from Finland reported of two 70-year-old twin brothers dying two hours apart in separate accidents, with both being hit by trucks while crossing the same road on bicycles. According to the police, the second victim could not have known about his brother's death, as officers had only managed to identify the first victim minutes before the second accident.
Connections are also found between identical twins who have been separated at birth. Dorothy Lowe and Bridget Harrison were separated in 1945, and did not meet until 1979, when they were flown over from Britain for an investigation by a psychologist at the University of Minnesota. They found that when they met they were both wearing seven rings on their hands, two bracelets on one wrist, a watch and a bracelet on the other. They married on the same day, had worn identical wedding dresses and carried the same flowers. Dorothy had named her son Richard Andrew and her daughter Catherine Louise; Bridget had named her son Andrew Richard and her daughter Karen Louise. In fact, she had wanted to call her Catherine. Both had a cat called Tiger. They also had a string of similar mannerisms when they were nervous.
How can we explain the above similarities?



Statements:


1. Both Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy were killed by a Southerner.
2. John F. Kennedy's secretary was named after Abraham Lincoln.
3. The news story told about the traffic accidents that killed two twin brothers.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that more parallel phenomena are studied in the United States than in any other country.
5. Coincidences occurring in three nations are described in the passage.
6. Some psychologists' interest is the research on coincidences between twins.
7. According to the speaker, coincidences occur much more often between twins than between people who are not related.
8. The speaker does not mention his / her own opinion on whether these parallels can be explained.

Revolution by Poisoning?
Historians have long assumed "the Great Fear" was one of the important factors in the French Revolution in 1789. Poor peasants could no longer endure the dark rule and began to revolt. But a historian of the University of Maryland has another explanation for the violent events. She thinks the peasants were affected by food poisoning and became too excited.
In her book "Poisons of the Past", the historian explains her point. The spring of 1789 was very wet, and a lot of the rye crop got a disease and was polluted. The crops had failed badly the year before, and by the summer of 1789 peasants were already starving. As soon as the new crop came in, polluted as it was, it was eaten up quickly. When the peasants ate large amounts of bread made from the bad rye, they suffered from food pois
oning. The poisoning caused them to lose control of their minds. Consequently, they started the violent events that led to the French Revolution

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.
Most scholars, however, do not agree with this theory. They point out that the accounts of the Great Fear show the people were well organized. The peasants knew very clearly whom they were after, what they wanted to do, and what they wanted to get. They were crowds under the influence of a great deal of anger, not anything else.
Questions:
1. According to the historian of the University of Maryland, what was the cause of the 1789 French Revolution?
2. What is the opinion of most historians about the peasants' behavior in the French Revolution?
3. Which is most likely the central theme of the book by the University of Maryland historian?
4. What can be learned from the passage about the study of historical events?
Question 1

The peasants' food poisoning in 1789.
The crop failure in 1788.
The dark rule in France in the late eighteenth century.
Some unexplained accidental events.

Answer: The peasants' food poisoning in 1789.

Question 2
They lost control of their anger.
They fought in a planned way.
Their great fear of polluted rye affected their decisions.
Their lack of food led to unreasonable behavior.

Answer: They fought in a planned way.

Question 3

The relationship between poisons and the French Revolution.
The relationship between food pollution and human health.
The effects of poisons on human behavior.
The effects of food poisoning on people's psychology.

Answer: The effects of poisons on human behavior.


Question 4

Explanations for major historical events are generally controlled by a small number of historians.
Every historian has a different theory about the cause of the French Revolution in 1789.
Theories that are not accepted by the majority of historians can never be published.
There are usually different explanations about historical events.

Answer: There are usually different explanations about historical events.

unit3 marriage
part a
1. Do young men and young women have the same standards for choosing a spouse? If not, why not?
I don't think young men and women have exactly the same standards for choosing a spouse. There are a large number of studies showing what these standards are for men and women in different parts of the world. Generally speaking, you'll find that the differences have a great deal to do with cultural traditions and social influence.

2. How do young people in China and some Western countries differ in their attitudes toward marriage?
It is very hard to generalize (一概而论), but my feeling is that most young people in China probably look at marriage from a long-term point of view, so they would think hard before they leap. On the other hand, young people in some Western countries may treat marriage from a short-term point of view. We've surely hea
rd a lot about marriage decisions made on the spur of the moment.

3. What do you think are the major causes of the rising porce rate in Chi

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na?
In my opinion, the major causes include: one, hasty marriages without mutual understanding between marriage partners; two, great changes in our society and in people's lives; and three, the low porce rate in China in the past. As far as the third cause is concerned, I've heard that it was extremely difficult to get a porce twenty years ago as people had very limited freedom then compared to what they enjoy today

part b
text1
A Marriage Agreement (Part One)

(Tom and Linda have signed a marriage agreement. Both agree not to break the rules outlined in the agreement. John, a reporter, is talking to them about the agreement.)
John: Tom, Linda, first I'd like to ask you why you decided to write this unusual agreement.
Tom: We found that many problems are caused when a person has different expectations from his or her spouse. We wanted to talk about everything openly and honestly before we started living together.
Linda: Also we both know how important it is to respect each other's pet peeves. Like, I can get very annoyed if others leave stuff -- clothing, papers, everything -- lying around on the floor. It really bugged me, so we put that in the agreement.
John: This is mentioned in Article 1: Cleaning Up, isn't it? It says, "Nothing will be left on the floor overnight. Everything must be cleaned up and put away before going to bed."
Tom: Then I'll know clearly what Linda's expectations are.
John: I see. What about Article 2: Sleeping? It says, "We will go to bed at 11 p.m. and get up at 6:30 a.m. except on weekends." I'm sure some people hearing this will think that this agreement isn't very romantic.
Tom: Well, we disagree. We think it's very romantic. This agreement shows that we sat down and talked, and really tried to understand the other person. A lot of problems occur in a marriage when people don't talk about what they want.
Linda: That's right. When we disagreed about something, we worked out a solution that was good for both of us. I would much rather have Tom really listen to me and understand my needs than give me a bunch of flowers or a box of candy.



Questions:

1. Which statement best summarizes the marriage agreement between Tom and Linda?
2. According to Tom, what will give rise to problems in a marriage?
3. What can be inferred about Linda from the conversation?

Question 1

It is a set of rules that will restrict their personal freedom to a certain extent.
It is a set of rules that will enable them to live up to each other's expectations.
It is a set of rules that will prevent them from getting a porce.
It is a set of rules that will save their marriage.

Answer: It is a set of rules that will enable them to live up to each other's expectations.


Question 2

Different interests.
Different pet peeves.
Di
fferent expectations.
Different sleeping habits.

Answer: Different expectations.


Question 3

She is sensible and well-organized.

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She doesn't like flowers or candy very much.
She is too practical to be a good wife.
She is quick-tempered and domineering.

Answer: She is sensible and well-organized.
text2
A Marriage Agreement (Part Two)

John: Linda, do you spend a lot of time checking to see if the other person is following the rules? Arguing?
Linda: No, not at all.
Tom: A lot of couples argue because they don't understand each other's expectations. I think we spend less time arguing than most couples because we both know what the other person expects.
John: What happens if one of you breaks a rule?
Tom: Well, that's in Article 13 of our agreement.
John: Is it? Oh yes, Article 13: Breaking Rules. "If you break a rule, you must apologize and do something nice for the other person to make it up."
Linda: Yeah, like last time Tom broke the rule of driving.
John: What's the rule?
Linda: The rule is we must ask for directions if we are driving and get lost for more than five minutes.
John: What happened?
Tom: We were driving to a friend's wedding, and we got lost. Linda wanted to stop at a gas station to ask for directions, but I thought I could figure it out.
Linda: Then we drove forty miles in the wrong direction and ended up being late for the wedding.
Tom: So I took her out to dinner. I knew what I should do to apologize.
John: That's very important, I think, knowing how to apologize. By the way, do you plan to update your agreement at all? What if things change in your life and a rule doesn't work anymore?
Linda: We've thought about that too. Article 14 states that we must review this agreement once a year and make necessary changes.
John: Well, it was really nice talking to you both. Thank you very much for your time.
Tom & Linda: Thank you.



Statements:

1. Tom and Linda never argue because they both know what the other person expects.
2. Once Tom broke Article 14 and apologized to Linda by taking her out to dinner.
3. If some of the rules in the marriage agreement become outdated, changes will be made to update them.
4. It seems that both Tom and Linda are satisfied with their marriage agreement.
part c

A Perfect Match


Are you looking for a good relationship with someone special? What type of person is the best person for you? Is it the person with the highest IQ? Is it the most beautiful or most handsome person? How about the richest person or the most ambitious? Is your ideal partner the most traditional or the most modern person? Is he or she the person most like you, or most unlike you?
The answer, psychologists say, is none of the above. Why? Because they are all extremes. In a number of research studies, psychologists asked couples these questions. The answers were clear. Most people are happy with moderation — with partners who are not the mos
t or the best (or the least or the worst). People are more comfortable with partners who are not so special.
The research showed several other

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important things. In a love relationship, two things can cause trouble. First, trouble happens when both people get angry quickly. This is not surprising. Second, trouble happens when people don't expect to change themselves in a relationship. Do you stay calm when you disagree with someone? Are you ready to change yourself? If you can tolerate disagreement and are willing to change, maybe you are ready for a serious relationship.

Statements:
1. The passage implies that the perfect match for you is a person who is most unlike you.
2. The author argues that the most beautiful or most handsome person may not be your perfect partner.
3. Moderate person, that is, the partners who are not the most or the best can be your perfect match.
4. The research showed that an extreme love relationship between the two can cause trouble.
5. The passage states that the anger is one of the causes that lead to the breakup of a love relationship.
6. The perfect match lies in the people's attitudes to tolerate disagreement and be willing to change in a relationship
Picture 1

The picture shows a newly-wed couple. Both the bridegroom and bride look very happy. In the west, the tradition is that the bride should be in white and bridegroom in black suit. We also see a big cake with three layers on a table and a knife in the woman's hand. The man holds the woman's hand and is ready to cut the cake.
Picture 2

This is a cartoon showing a priest performing a marriage ceremony to a young couple. But look at what he's reading! He lists what the wife should and should not do, leaving the bride popping her eyes in surprise. The bridegroom, on the other hand, is smiling with his eyes closed in content. I'm not sure what the cartoon is intended to mean. Maybe it is a criticism of the society, in which women should always serve the men.
Picture 3

This picture shows a family taking a walk on a country road. The wife with a smile on her face, is pushing a baby cart. Her baby is sleeping perhaps and the husband is walking a dog. It's a sunny day, as both the man and the woman are wearing sun glasses. This is a perfect image of a happy married life. A kid and a dog, and the family together, walking on a country road, they are enjoying the fresh air and the beauty of nature.
part d
text1

Husbands and Wives Don't See Things Alike


Let's face it-husbands and wives just don't see things alike. Take TV remote controls, for example. I'm a channel-grazer. When I watch the news, I flip back and forth through four different networks.
"It drives me crazy when you do that," my wife complains. I don't understand why she has no interest in other channels. After all, she is a woman who wants to know everything going on in the neighborhood and among all the relatives. Just one button away might be an interesting program on &q
uot;How to Lose Fifty Pounds by Eating Chocolate Sundaes" or "How to Understand Weird Husbands". But, no, she won't change ch

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annels, not even if she dislikes the program she's watching.
"This talk show host makes me so angry!" she cried one evening.
"Then why don't you change the channel?" I asked.
"Because I can't stand people who are always changing channels."
Differences. No right or wrong, just differences.
"The first law of civilization," said an old philosopher, "is to let people be different."
I don't need to convert my wife to my ways, and she doesn't try to make me be like her. We simply take turns monitoring the remote control.

Statements:

1. The major difference between the speaker and his wife is their TV viewing habits.
2. According to the speaker, he is more interested in talk shows while his wife is more interested in news programs.
3. The wife seems to be more weird than the husband is.
4. The speaker and his wife usually take turns working the remote control when they watch television.
5. It can be inferred that women are generally more tolerant than men of their spouse's differences.
6. The speaker and his wife maintain peace not by changing each other but by tolerance

text2

Mrs. Einstein


Albert Einstein's first wife, Mileva Einstein-Maric, was a mathematician and a physicist. She not only kept their house clean while her husband thought, but also did more important work. She actually helped him develop the famous theory of relativity.
This can be found in a number of published letters between Einstein and his first wife. In those letters, Albert Einstein refers to the relativity theory as "our work" at least 13 times. He talks to his wife as if she were an important collaborator. In a letter of 1901, for instance, he wrote to his love: How happy and proud I will be when the two of us together will have brought our work on the relative motion to a victorious conclusion.
Scholars, however, do not agree about how much Mrs. Einstein actually did. Some say that she may have discussed his idea with her husband but she was not a collaborator. Others have a different view. They point out that Einstein himself says they were collaborators. Therefore, they believe she was a full equal and should be given the credit for her contribution. And that is nothing more than taking Einstein at his word.

Questions:

1. What do we learn from the passage about Albert Einstein's first wife?
2. How often did Einstein and his first wife discuss the relativity theory together?
3. What is the speaker's opinion about Mrs. Einstein?
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Question 1

She was employed as a housekeeper.
She was Albert Einstein's assistant.
She developed the theory of relativity.
She was a scientist.

Answer: She was a scientist.


Question 2

Nobody knows exactly.
Thirteen t
imes altogether.
Less than thirteen times.
Probably daily when they lived together.

Answer: Nobody knows exactly.


Question 3

H

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e tends to agree that she was her husband's collaborator.
He doesn't think that she was her husband's collaborator.
He holds that her role should be determined by Mr. Einstein himself.
He thinks that her role should be determined by the authority.

Answer: He tends to agree that she was her husband's collaborator.


Question 4

Mr. Einstein did not give due credit to his first wife for her contribution to the relativity theory.
Mrs. Einstein is not officially regarded as one who had a part in developing the relativity theory.
Few people share the opinion that Mrs. Einstein actually contributed to the theory.
Women scientists do not receive full credit for their contributions to new discoveries.

Answer: Mrs. Einstein is not officially regarded as one who had a part in developing the relativity theory.

unit 4 stress
part a
1. Do you know anything about the life of a police officer? How stressful can it be?
have seen enough films and TV plays about the police to know that the life of a police officer is not an easy one. It can be highly stressful because a police officer often has heavy responsibilities in his or her work, dealing with different types of situations, keeping order, fighting crime, and frequently putting his or her life in danger. It's certainly not a life everybody can handle

2. Do you think there is something positive about stress? Why or why not?
A certain amount of stress can be positive as long as it is dealt with correctly. It may help us stay alert and focus on the situation we are faced with. The important thing is that you have to take a positive attitude and have good control of yourself.

3. What are stress-related diseases?
Too much stress over an extended period of time may cause diseases and be harmful to one's health. Stress-related diseases include, to name a few, headache, stomach trouble, heart disease, high blood pressure, and certain mental problems.
part b
text1
Being a Police Officer Is a Stressful Job

Interviewer: Welcome to our program, Sam.
Sam: Thank you.
Interviewer: Sam, how long have you been a police officer?
Sam: I've been a police officer for thirty years.
Interviewer: Thirty years. And you've had different types of assignments on the police force, I guess.
Sam: Yeah, I've done everything from patrol to undercover work to detective work, and now I'm supervising investigations.
Interviewer: Sam, I think most people would say that being a police officer is a very stressful job. Would you agree?
Sam: Yes, it's definitely a stressful job. But it depends on your assignment.
Interviewer: So, what's probably the most stressful assignment you can have?
Sam: I'd say patrol is the most stressful assignment.
Interviewer: That's interesting! In what way?
Sam: Well, I guess the biggest part of the stress is
the fear factor -- the fear of the unknown.
Interviewer: What do you mean, Sam?
Sam: Well, in patrol work, you don't know from moment to m

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oment who you are talking to or what their reaction is going to be to justify your presence. Let's say, for example, a patrol officer stops someone for a traffic violation. It seems as though that would be a very low-stress situation.
Interviewer: Yes, it is a very low-stress situation.
Sam: But the truth is, there are more police officers injured during a routine stop.
Interviewer: Really?
Sam: Really! That's why all police officers are taught from the very beginning to be aware of their surroundings. People back over policemen, people shoot policemen, people jump out at policemen -- different kinds of things. So that's probably the most stressful time.
Interviewer: I see. Let's take a break and then we'll move on to our next topic.
Sam: All right.

Questions:

1. What's the relationship between the two speakers?
2. What does Sam mainly talk about?
3. What do you know about Sam?

text2
Stress Reducers

Interviewer: Sam, you've talked about the police officers' stressful time. Now let's move on to the next topic. So far as I know, there's a connection between stress and illness. Do you think that there's a higher percentage of illness among police officers than in the general population? I mean, do they get more colds or anything? Is this really true?
Sam: Yes, it is, and the stress level not only manifests itself in daily health -- whether or not you've feeling well on any given day. It also manifests itself in things like ulcers, heart disease -- police officers tend to have a higher rate of heart disease and ulcers than people in other professions.
Interviewer: Really? That's documented?
Sam: Yes, it's documented. And also the porce rate among police officers is much higher.
Interviewer: Is there something that the police department does to help you deal with this stress?
Sam: Yes, there are several programs that most police departments have in place. One is an exercise program where some part of your day is spent on some type of physical exercise. They've found that's a great stress reducer. Besides, there's also a psychological program with counseling for officers to help them reduce their stress. And there are several discussion groups as well. They've found that sometimes just sitting around and talking about the stress with other officers helps to reduce it. So, those things are available.
Interviewer: And what do you do, personally, to help you deal with the stress of your job, Sam?
Sam: Well, during the baseball season, I'm the biggest baseball fanatic, and I will either be reading about baseball, or listening to baseball, or watching baseball. Another thing I try to do is to get some sort of exercise every day. And then I work hard at keeping up my personal relationships, especially my relationship with my wife. Fortunately I get along very well with my wife. When I
come back home, I can talk about my day with her, and then just forget about it.



Statements:

1. The dialogue is mainly about how poli

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ce officers can deal with stress.
2. According to Sam, most police officers enjoy good health.
3. According to Sam, the porce rate among police officers is higher than among people in other jobs.
4. Counseling is the most effective program to help police officers relieve stress.
5. Sam knows how to reduce his stress.

part c
Conversations
1.
M: You look so nervous, Rose. Are you all right?
W: Frankly speaking, I'm on pins and needles. I have to give a presentation to a group of important visitors this afternoon.
Q: Why does Rose feel nervous?

2.
M: You look so upset, Sue. What's worrying you?
W: My son Jack made me extremely unhappy. He seems to be playing video games all the time. Whenever I talk to him he turns a deaf ear to me.
Q: What's the woman's problem?

3.
W: David, you don't look happy. Anything wrong?
M: Well, you know, my mother died three years ago. And since then my father has lived in an apartment on his own and has very few friends.
Q: What is David worrying about?

4.
W: Michael, I don't know what has happened to Mother. Her memory seems to be going. I have to remind her of almost everything.
M: Don't worry, Mary. She's just getting old.
Q: What do you know about Mary?

5.
W: I'm worried about sending my son Peter to college. You see, nowadays many college students behave rather strangely. They don't seem to be interested in their studies.
M: Just a few. Most students still concentrate on their studies.
Q: What can you infer from the man's response?

Picture 1

Funny picture, isn't it? Probably the woman in the picture is a secretary. She talks or shouts at two phone receivers at the same time. Her secretarial job, with a lot of paper work, frequent calls and lots of computer work, seems too much for her that she can't bear it any longer. If such stressful tasks go on like this, she'll probably go mad.

Picture 2

This pictures shows a man taking a nap in a "bed" attached between trees. His eyes are closed and he's smiling. It seems he's spending his vacation in Hawaii. He doesn't have to worry about his work, his debts or family troubles. Nowadays, more and more people have learned to ease the pressure in their jobs by vacationing somewhere or have learned to take it easy for a while

Picture 3

This picture shows a man in a white shirt groveling on his desk, looking blankly at nowhere. His glasses are on a pile of papers and the telephone receiver is on them too. On both sides of him we see big piles of books and documents and the man seems to have been buried in them. He looks extremely tired and frustrated by the stressful task.

part d
text1

Finding Creative Outlets,for Very Stressful Times


Beautifying your home is a fun and practical pastime that can offer a wonderful sense of accompl
ishment.
Few people may realize, however, that painting the walls, knitting bedspreads or sewing pillows can help relieve the life pressures w

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e all experience.
Studies indicate that engaging in creative endeavors such as sewing and crafting can lower one's risk of stroke, kidney damage and heart disease.
These calming, repetitive activities relax the mind and can lower blood pressure. Sharing such activities can also be a way to spend time with loved ones, which increases our sense of belonging and further reduces stress.
People have always turned to working with their hands in times of stress. Handicraft works, with their symbols of hope, have a far greater impact when created by groups.
Keep in mind the following tips to increase the stress-relieving benefits of your craft projects:
1. Work with materials that stimulate the senses; work in a comfortable area without distractions; play your favorite music.
2. Make a family project of selecting your favorite photos, and frame them so they can be enjoyed every day. In stressful times, the photos can lift your spirits as you recall happy moments.
3. If your schedule is hectic, choose a practical project that will make the most of crafting time. If a simple kitchen curtain needs to be replaced, start there.
Change sometimes compels us to see things in new ways.



Questions:


1. According to the passage, what is one of the benefits of engaging in creative endeavors?
2. How does the speaker characterize activities such as sewing and crafting?
3. How can the stress-relieving benefits of the recommended activities be further increased?
4. Which of the following is not a tip given by the speaker?
Question 1

Creating useful art.
Producing valuable objects.
Curing certain diseases.
Relieving one's stress.

Answer: Relieving one's stress.


Question 2

Handy.
Practical.
Relaxing.
Stimulating.

Answer: Relaxing.


Question 3

By carrying out the activities in a new way.
By sharing the activities with loved ones.
By recalling happy moments.
By changing schedules from time to time.

Answer: By sharing the activities with loved ones.


Question 4

When under stress, eat less and work more.
In times of stress, try to do some craft projects.
To reduce stress, one may find some favorite pictures to frame.
To make the most of the time available, one should find something practical to do.

Answer: When under stress, eat less and work more.
text2

The Impact of Attitude


Attitude, to me, is more important than facts. It is more important than the past, than education, than money, than circumstances, than failure, than success, than what other people think or say or do. It is more important than appearance, giftedness, or skill. It will make or break a company, a church, a family. The remarkable thing is we have a choice every day regarding the attitud
e we will embrace for that day. We cannot change our past. We cannot change the fact that people will act in a certain way. We cannot change the

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inevitable. The only thing we can do is play on the one string that we have, and that is attitude. I am convinced that life is 10% what happens to me and 90% how I react to it. And so, it is with us. We are in charge of our attitudes.

unit 5 youth
part a
1. What do you think of youth as a stage in one's life? How important is it in a person's life?
Youth is a very important stage in one's life. What one does in this period of time will have far-reaching significance. This is the time when young people must set up their goal in life and make good preparations in order to achieve that goal. This will involve decisions on what kind of training to receive, which occupation to take up, and how to proceed in the pursuit of one's goal.

2. What should you do while you're young?
I think there are quite a few things for us to do while we are young. We should acquire knowledge to better understand the world. We should learn useful skills to prepare ourselves for our future employment. We should engage in meaningful activities and provide help and service for our country. We should also enjoy the good things in life, that is, friendship, love, sports, music, art, travel, etc.

3. What role should young people play in society?
Young people should play an active and responsible role in society. As the most energetic members of the population, young people can do a great deal for the progress and welfare of society. While we should learn from our elders and enrich our experience, we should also make our voice heard and put in our efforts, especially in regard to major social issues. In a word, we should do things that are constructive to the healthy development of society.

partb
text1
Ashley
Ashley was reading a magazine when she came across an article about antibiotics and other drugs discovered in European rivers and tap water. If such drugs were present there, she reasoned, they might also be found near her home in West Virginia.
Ashley feared that antibiotics in the waters could lead to resistant bacteria, or supergerms, which can kill untold numbers of people.
The girl, then 16, began testing her area's river -- the Ohio. With a simple device she herself had designed, she collected 350 water samples from the Ohio and its tributaries over ten weeks. Reading scientific journals, she taught herself to analyze the samples. It was the most scientifically sound project for someone her age.
Her experiment, one of the first of its kind in the United States, showed that low levels of three antibiotics are indeed present in local waters. Ashley's study won the International Stockholm Junior Water Prize, a virtual Nobel Prize for teenagers. She received a $5,000 scholarship and an audience with Sweden's Crown Princess Victoria.
Her interest in science was sparked by wa
lks in the woods with her mother. But it was the day-to-day stuff -- how water comes to the tap, how rain sticks to glass, that most fascinated

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her. "Science is not a dead thing," she says. "It's happening all around us."
By the sixth grade, she was winning at science fairs. She has won $70,000 in prize money, which she has put aside for college. She plans to attend Harvard University. "I want to make my own discoveries, and not just read about what others have done," she said. Her teachers predict that she will one day win a Nobel Prize.



Statements:

1. Ashley lives in the state of Virginia.
2. Antibiotics in streams and rivers can lead to the emergence of supergerms.
3. Bacteria found in European local waters and tap water have killed countless people.
4. Using simple equipment designed by herself, Ashley collected 350 water samples in ten weeks.
5. Ashley's experiment proved that antibiotics did exist in the Ohio River.
6. Ashley developed a strong interest in science when she was in her sixth grade.
7. Ashley wants to make discoveries by herself and knows how to make use of what she has read.
8. The International Stockholm Junior Water Prize is a Nobel Prize for teenagers.
9. Ashley got a $5,000 scholarship from Harvard University.
10. Ashley can be regarded as a role model for young people.

text2
Young People Say No to Smoking

On February 16, 2001, the teens from a youth group called REBEL launched their advertising campaign at the Liberty Science Center in New Jersey. By now just about everybody has heard the "Not for Sale" commercial on television and the radio against tobacco companies. What many people don't know is that teenagers from West New York and across New Jersey worked on various aspects of the campaign, and even appeared in some of the advertisements. The campaign organizer thought it would be better than using actors if actual REBEL members were in the commercials.
REBEL, which stands for Reaching Everybody by Exposing Lies, is a statewide youth initiative against tobacco companies. The movement, which began in November last year, carries the message that teens no longer want to be targeted by tobacco companies in their advertisements. Knowing that peer pressure on teens to smoke or do drugs is one of the biggest problems that teens face, the group is working hard to ensure that their message reaches all teenagers at New Jersey schools.
When the group was first formed, there were only five members, all eighth grade students. But by this summer the group had grown to close to 90 members. At a recent recruiting party, a pizza and pool party, at the West New York swimming pool, more than 50 new members were attracted to the group.
"We don't think that too many people would be interested," said Jackie, one of its founding members. "But everyone knows our message. They know who we are now."


Questions:

1. When did REBEL launch their advertising campaign?
2. Ho
w many members did REBEL have by the summer of 2001?
3. Who are the members of REBEL?
4. What did REBEL do for their campaign against tobacco

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