毕业设计 - -年产3.26万吨聚氯乙烯生产车间工段的设计

毕业设计

题 目: 年产3.26万吨聚氯乙烯生产车间工段的设计

内容摘要

本文讲述了我国聚氯乙烯工业生产技术的发展进程和目前状况，包括原料路线、工艺设备、聚合方法等。本设计采用悬浮法生产聚氯乙烯，介绍了采用悬浮法生产PVC树脂工聚合机理，工艺过程中需要注意的问题，包括质量影响因素，工艺条件及合成工艺中的各种助剂选择，对聚合工艺过程进行详细的叙述。并且从物料衡算、热量衡算和设备计算和选型三个方面进行准确的工艺计算，对厂址进行了选择，采取了防火防爆防雷等重要措施，对三废的处理回收等进行了叙述，画出了整个工艺的流程图。

关键词 ：聚氯乙烯； 生产技术； 悬浮法； 乙炔法； 乙烯法； 防粘釜技术；

目 录

第一章 总论 ·········································································· 2 1.1 国内外 pvc发展状况及发展趋势 ······································· 2 1.2 单体合成工艺路线 ························································· 3 1.2.1乙炔路线 ······························································· 3 1.2.2乙烯路线 ······························································· 4 1.3聚合工艺实践方法 ·························································· 5 1.3.1本体法聚合生产工艺 ················································ 5 1.3.2乳液聚合生产工艺 ··················································· 5 1.3.3悬浮聚合生产工艺 ··················································· 6 1.4最佳的配方、后处理设备的选择 ········································ 7 1.4.1配方的选择 ···························································· 7 1.4.2后处理设备侧选择 ··················································· 7 1.5 防粘釜技术 ·································································· 9 1.6原料及产品性能 ····························································· 9 1.7 聚合机理 ··································································· 11 1.7.1自由基聚合机理 ···················································· 11 1.7.2链反应动力学机理 ················································· 12 1.7.3 成粒机理与颗粒形态 ············································· 12 1.8影响聚合及产品质量的因素 ············································ 13 1.9工艺流程叙述 ······························································ 14

1.10.1加料系统 ···························································· 14 1.10.2聚合系统 ···························································· 16 1.10.3浆料汽提及废水汽提系统 ······································· 17 1.10厂址的选择 ······························································· 18 第二章 工艺计算 ································································· 19 2.1物料衡算 ···································································· 19 2.1.1聚合釜 ································································ 19 2.1.2 混料槽 ······························································· 22 2.1.3汽提塔 ································································ 23 2.1.4离心机 ································································ 26 2.1.5 沸腾床 ······························································· 27 2.1.6 包装 ·································································· 29 2.2热量衡算 ···································································· 30 2.2.1聚合釜 ································································ 30 2.2.2沸腾床的热量计算 ················································· 35 2.3 设备的计算及选型 ······················································· 41 2.3.1 聚合釜 ······························································ 41 3.3.2 混料槽 ······························································· 42 3.3.3 汽提塔 ······························································· 43 3.3.4 离心机 ······························································· 43 3.3.5内热式沸腾床的计算 ·············································· 44 2.3.6泵、鼓风机、过滤器 ·············································· 49

第三章 非工艺部分 ······························································· 52 3.1厂内的防火防爆措施 ····················································· 52 3.2车间照明及采暖措施 ····················································· 52 3.3防静电，防雷措施 ························································ 53 3.4三废处理情况 ······························································ 54 3.4.1电石渣的处理 ······················································· 54 3.4.2电石渣上清液的处理 ·············································· 54 3.4.3 热水的综合利用 ··················································· 54 3.4.4尾气的回收利用 ···················································· 55 3.4.5转化水洗塔水的回收利用 ········································ 55 结束语 ················································································ 56 附录 ··················································································· 58

沈阳化工大学毕业设计说明书 引言

引言

聚氯乙烯(PVC)是5大通用塑料之一,具有耐腐蚀、电绝缘、阻燃性和机械强度

高等优异性能,广泛用于工农业及日常生活等各个领域,尤其是近年来建筑市场对PVC产品的巨大需求,使其成为具备相当竞争力的一个塑料品种。

PVC糊树脂自20世纪30年代开发以来,已有近70年的历史。目前全世界PVC糊树脂总生产能力约200万t/a,其中,西欧是PVC糊树脂生产厂家最多、产量最大的地区。我国聚氯乙烯工业起步于于50年代，仅次于酚醛树脂是最早工业化生产的热塑性树脂，第一个PVC装置于1958年在锦西化工厂建成投产，生产能力为3000吨／年。此后全国各地的PVC装置相继建成投产，到目前为止，我国有PVC树脂生产企业80余家，遍布全国29个省、市、自治区，总生产能力达220万吨／年70~75万t/a。PVC树脂在我国塑料工业中具有举足轻重的地位，同时PVC作为氯碱工业中最大的有机耗氯产品，对维持氯碱工业的氯碱平衡具有极其重要的作用。 本设计为年产量3.26万吨聚氯乙烯车间聚合工段工艺。本次设计采用了氯乙烯单体悬浮聚合工艺。介绍了PVC的聚合工艺，建厂的有关事项及合成聚氯乙烯的流程和设备，对整个生产工艺做出了详细的叙述。

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