自考综合英语(四)复习题

综合英语（四）复习题

I． Multiple Choice.

1. On the side of the hill, there is a _________ which was once the entrance to a gold mine.

A．deep hole in ground Ｂ．hole deep in ground Ｃ．deep hole in the ground Ｄ．deep in the ground hole 2. We held a meeting to sum up our experiences _________ we finished the work.

A．immediately Ｂ．immediate Ｃ．while D. before 3. Commercial banks make most of their income from interest _________ on loans and

investments in stocks and bonds.

A．earn B. earned C. to earn D. was earned 4. We saw a new play at the theatre, _________ we had supper at a restaurant.

A. after which B. which after C. then which D. and that after 5. She?s got so _______ to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life. A. use to listen B. used to listen C. used in listening D. used to listening 6. In Britain, the _________ are all painted red.

A. letter boxes B. letters box C. letters boxes D. letters? boxes 7. So fast _________ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

A. light travel B. travels the light C. do light travel D. does light travel 8. Will the boy who has taken my pencil bring ________.

A. back to me B. it back to me C. back it to me D. it to me back

9. The size of the audience, __________ we had expected, was well over one thousand. A. whom B. who C. as D. that 10. I wish to shake hands with you, __________.

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A. shall I B. do I C. may I D. will I

11. Only in recent years _________ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.

A. people have B. since people have C. have people D. people who have 12. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ________ eastern Nebraska.

A. does B. in C. it does in D. in it does 13. A body weighs __________ from the surface of the Earth.

A. less the farther it gets B. the farther it gets, the less C. less than it gets farther D. less than it, the farther it gets

14. Ten years had elapsed. I found she had _________.

A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. much white hair D. a few white hairs 15. Sally can?t have written to me, or ________ the letter by now.

A. I?ll get B. I?d get C. I?ll have got D. I?d have got 16. I felt in _________ and took out some money.

A. a pocket my coat B. my coat?s a pocket C. my pocket coat D. my coat pocket

17. How did it come _________ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework?

A. about B. after C. with D. to 18. I _______ to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.

A. need have written B. needn?t have written C. must have written D. may have written 19. They have to study a lot, ______.

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A. don?t they B. haven?t they C. did they D. hadn?t they

20. At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club _________ open until midnight was defeated.

A. remains B. remain C. remained D. would remain 21. The reason he wants to take a leave of absence is __________. A. because he is needing a complete rest. B. because he needed a complete rest. C. that he needs a complete rest.

D. because a complete rest is needed by him. 22. This _______ girl is Mary?s cousin.

A. pretty little Swedish B. Swedish little pretty C. Swedish pretty little D. little pretty Swedish 23. There are many kinds of metals, _________. A. each having its special properties. B. having its special properties C. one has its special properties. D. each has its special properties.

24. Amelia Earhart, ____________ woman to make a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, was born in 1898.

A. was the first B. she was the first C. the first who was a D. the first 25. Every boy and girl must have _______ hair neatly combed.

A. his B. her C. its D. their 26. They were shipwrecked on a tiny island ________. A. off the coast belonging to Japan.

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B. off of the coast of Japan.

C. off the coast which belongs to Japan. D. off the coast of Japan.

27. He was very strong. Indeed, people said he had _________ of three men.

A. strength B. a strength C. the strength D. as strength 28. They did not find ________ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet. A. worth their while B. it worthwhile C. it worth D. it worthy 29. I should very much like to have gone to the party but I ________.

A. am not invited B. shall not be invited C. am not being invited D. was not invited

30. _________, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. A. They occur where they are B. Occurring where C. Where they occur D. Where do they occur 31. Darkness __________, the young people lingered on merrymaking.

A．sets in Ｂ．setting in Ｃ．set in Ｄ．had set in 32. __________ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic

discussion produce no concrete proposals.

A．That Ｂ．It Ｃ．Which Ｄ．As 33. There is no rule __________ has some exceptions.

A．that Ｂ．but Ｃ．which Ｄ．what 34. I have no doubt _________ he will overcome all his difficulties.

A．whether Ｂ．if Ｃ．that Ｄ．what 35. The brilliance of his satires was _________ make even his victims laugh.

A．so as to Ｂ．such as to Ｃ．so that Ｄ．such that

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36. More than one person _________ been infected with the disease.

A．have Ｂ．having Ｃ．has Ｄ．to have 37. “I?m sure clean, ___________?”

A．am I Ｂ．isn?t I Ｃ．aren?t I Ｄ．am not I

38. They criticized him __________ he should make the same mistake again.

A．unless Ｂ．so that Ｃ．lest Ｄ．in case of 39. You won?t be able to find the job__________ you start right now.

A．lest Ｂ．so that Ｃ．unless Ｄ．that 40. I walked 8 miles today. I never guessed that I could walk ___________ far.

A．that Ｂ．much Ｃ．such Ｄ．as

II. Replace the italicized words with simple, everyday words.

1. overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere

2. Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and

tobacco shops.

3. with horizon defined by little hummocks … where separate sheets collide 4. He devoted the whole day to it.

5. So monstrous a discrepancy in evaluation requires us to examine basic principles. 6. I regarded as moonlings all those whose life was lived on a less practical plane. 7. But the great increase in our vocabulary in the past decades compels all dictionaries. 8. to impinge on your eyes

9. where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony

10. But one doesn?t have to travel around the world to witness humankind?s assault on the earth. 11. We will never parley.

12. He wants to know what a word will convey to his auditors.

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13．or a low-lying arid stretch with miles of white sandy beach

14. Darkness falls, and there is nothing but the intermittent gleam of a lighthouse on a solitary promontory.

15. with its profusion of rich colors

16. Seldom has a city gained such world renown.

17. particular, local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world 18. without distinction of race, creed, or party

19. the editorial charges the Third International with “pretentious and obscure verbosity” 20. which he imparts from time to time without insistence

21. We gazed, as the ship slid by and the humps receded into darkness and even the lights were obscured by the shoulder of a hill.

22. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and

characteristic activity

23. and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of

alley cats

24. … the Green Field boys and girls… with mud-stained feet and ankles and long, lithe arms 25. Happiness is based on a just discrimination of what is necessary 26. In the middle category… that of comfort, luxury, exuberance, etc. 27. and the principal discovery an American writer makes in Europe 28. not even me motley millions who call ourselves Americans

III. Paraphrase.

1. The generator was doused, and the lights went out.

2. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. 3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. 4. They have taken as their model a brick set on end.

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5. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism,” an answer to man?s sense of aloneness and isolation.

6. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit. 7. It is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.

8. To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated

majority.

9. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. 10. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. 11. There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef.

12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.

13. Most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker?s

psyche.

14. They had outgrown towns and families and had developed a sudden bewildering

world-weariness which neither they nor their relatives could understand. 15. This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable. 16. In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates. 17. Get us through this mess, will You?

18. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. 19. English had come royally into its own.

20. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. 21. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management. 22. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”. 23. On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.

24. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype, delights in much of it,

and has no scruples about practicing it.

25. Little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people…

26. … the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned…

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27. … to secure the release of previously top secret data… 28. … an extended living room…

29. … and seemed to be driving forward…

30. The way I hear it, you won a hundred at the tables then lost it at the bar… 31. … propelling mankind to a higher order of existence… 32. … to build some working “intelligent agents”…

IV. Reading Comprehension.

Passage One:

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.

To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.

People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians

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distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.

This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

1. The languages of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in

___________.

A. sound patterns. B. grammatical structures. C. vocabularies. D. both A. and B.

2. The author says that professional linguists recognize that __________. A. Western languages are superior to Eastern languages. B. all languages came from grunts and groans. C. the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand. D. there is no hierarchy of languages.

3. The article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found __________. A. nowhere today. B. among the Australian aborigines.

C. among Eastern cultures D. among people speaking “backward” languages. 4. According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have __________. A. the potential for expanding vocabulary. B. their own sound patterns. C. an ability to transfer ideas. D. grammatical structures.

5. Which of the following is implied in the passage?

A. The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.

B. The study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierachy

among cultures.

C. The study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists.

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D. The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.

Passage Two:

The steam trains of the world?s first mountain-climbing cog railway started running to the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire in 1869, four years after the end of the Civil War. The railway has been in operation ever since, except for one year during the First World War and three years during the Second World War.

The Mount Washington railway is unique in many ways. Nowhere else in the world is there a steam cog railway that climbs such steep grades. In the three and a half miles of the ascent, the average grade is one foot in four; the steepest grade is 37.42 per cent. The terrain over which the tracks were laid during the three years of construction is almost entirely splintered rock and so rough that all but a half mile of the track is on the trestle. Ascending far above the timber line, the trains of the unique railway are 6293 feet above sea level they reach the barren, wind-swept summit of the mountain, sometimes said to have the worst weather in the world. This is an exaggeration, of course, but it has snowed on the summit during every month of the year. During August 1925, for example, trains had to stop running because of heavy ice on the upper tracks. And the highest wind velocity ever recorded (231 miles per hour) was recorded here. During the time the trains can operate (from about the middle of June to the middle of October), they continue to puff up the steep slope at a speed of four miles per hour, unless the wind velocity reaches 70 miles per hour; then they have to stop to wait for better weather.

The reason for taking so unusual a train ride is perfectly clear to the more than 35000 people who do so every year. In every direction, the views are unbelievably vast, revealing most of northern New England, as well as parts of New York, Canada, and the Atlantic Ocean------that is, if it is not snowing or if heavy clouds have not settled over the summit of the mountain. 6. The Mount Washington railway has at some time been closed because of ___________. A. the Civil War B. bankruptcy

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C. international war D. engineering failures 7. The construction of the railroad took how many years?

A. Three B. Three and a half C. Four D. Four and a half 8. Rails were laid on trestle mainly because of the _____________. A. steepness of the grades encountered in the ascent. B. roughness of the terrain.

C. danger of ice on the tracks during bad weather. D. danger of high winds.

9. During how many months each year is the Mount Washington railway in operation?

A. Two B. Four C. Six D. Eight 10. The weather at the summit of Mount Washington could be most accurately described

as _________.

A. generally fair and clear. B. often windy but pleasant. C. rarely icy and dangerous. D. frequently foul and cold.

Passage Three:

At one time in England, the oath which one takes to tell the truth was used against the accused with devastating effect. If he refused to take the oath, he was held in contempt and punished. If he took the oath and then refused to answer a question, the refusal was taken as a confession of the thing charged in the question. Thus were men compelled to testify against themselves.

A widely heralded defiance of this practice was made by John Lilburne, who was charged with sending scandalous books into England. He refused to be examined under oath, saying that the oath was “both against the law of God and the law of the land”. He announced that he would never take it “though I be pulled in pieces by wild horses”.

Lilburne was held in contempt, publicly whipped, fined, and placed in solitary confinement.

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That was in 1638. On February 13, 1645, the house of lords set aside that judgment, contending that it was “against the liberty of the subject and the law of the land and Magna Carta”. And in 1648, Lilburne was granted damages for his imprisonment.

Lilburne was willing to testify on matters of which he was accused. His refusal related to questions “concerning other men, to ensnare me, and get further matter against me”. At that time, an accused had no immunity from testifying against himself at his own trial. Lilburne?s protest, therefore, was against being compelled to testify on matters not properly charged against him. In other words, he objected to furnishing evidence which could be used as the basis for future prosecutions against him.

Before the end of the seventeenth century, the immunity claimed by Lilburne had been broadly extended in England. It protected the person who was charged with a crime from testifying against himself at his own trial. It also protected any witness from testifying to anything that might possibly be incriminating in future proceedings. 11. This article ___________________.

A. describes the origin of a concept which is a part of our heritage. B. explains the reasons behind the loyalty oath.

C. opposes the law which requires a witness to tell the truth. D. explains why a man should be forced to testify against himself. 12. Lilburne refused to testify at his own trial because he _______________. A. was unwilling to testify on matters of which he was accused.

B. believed he would be forced to testify about crimes not charged against him. C. was really guilty.

D. was innocent of the charge.

13. The immunity from testifying against oneself ___________. A. did not become law until the Bill of Right was written. B. became law in the nineteenth century.

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C. was common in England before the end of the seventeenth century. D. is a universally accepted law.

14. As a result of Lilburne?s claim _______________. A. a man cannot testify in his own defense.

B. a man is protected from furnishing evidence against himself. C. a man is considered guilty until he is proven innocent. D. the accused cannot be tried twice for the same crime. 15. Which of the following is implied in the passage?

A. The oath which one takes to tell the truth was used against the accused with devastating

effect.

B. The Fifth Amendment is a hindrance to law enforcement. C. We owe some of our liberties to the courage of unknown men. D. Lilburne was guilty.

Passage Four:

To Pacific peoples the coconut palm is the Tree of life, and life itself often depends on its presence. This versatile and ubiquitous tree keeps to itself the mystery of its geographical origins. Scientists may have theories, but most Pacific islanders believe that the coconut palm is of supernatural origin. Stray palms on uninhabited islets or in remote island valleys may appear wild and neglected to strangers, but chances are that some local family is watching and using them.

On the other hand, the material culture of the islands is based on forest products in general, not just the coconut. Melanesian craftsmen fashion their goods from bark, fiber, wood, and other plant parts. Stone, shell, and bone are found in great variety, feathers and shell are seen as ornaments. But it is the plants which form structural materials of architecture and artifacts. Among Melanesia?s varied cultures, that of New Guinea?s Sepik River area is one of the richest

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in artifacts. An important source is the annual festival marking the harvest of yamcrop, a hill-country staple. Yams of special size and character represent the spirits of the dead, and the quality of a man?s yam crop is a measure of his prestige and virility. A man and his family may not eat their own produce but must give it to a family of a nonrelated clan. Each phase of the growing cycle of the yam is marked with ceremonies and festivities culminating in the great harvest festival when the village square is filled with piles of yams. Many of the finest specimens are adorned with painted masks, feather headdresses, and jewelry. Each man of the tribe, similarly adorned, extols the virtues of his yams in extravagant oratory, climaxing his presentation by producing the name of the family who is to receive his crop.

16. The passage suggests that the coconut palm is thought of by Pacific peoples as _________. A. a divine gift.

B. unique to their part of the world. C. the center of their harvest festivals. D. an essentially decorative tree.

17. Although the coconut palm grows wild on islands, the Pacific peoples rarely permit _______. A. strangers to harvest the fruit.

B. even an isolated tree to go unharvested. C. young trees to remain in inaccessible locations. D. isolated trees to grow to full maturity.

18. According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Sepik River culture?

A. It stresses the hostility of the natural world.

B. It is markedly different from other Melanesian cultures. C. It stresses the kinship of human and plant life. D. It is organized into clans that are mutually suspicious.

19. The passage indicates that the annual yam festival takes place ____________.

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A. throughout Melanesia.

B. among those tribes that harvest no coconuts. C. among upland tribes of the River area. D. among all tribes living on New Guinea.

20. We learn from the passage that a man from the Sepik River area culture will try to grow

superior yams principally in order to ____________. A. show that he works harder than others. B. honor the spirits of the dead.

C. provide his family with nourishing food. D. demonstrate his own power and importance.

Passage Five:

When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vince, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, i.e., great artists, inventors and scientists------a select and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius. The tendency to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive province of a lucky few disregards the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face------the discovery and development of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods, existing inventions and products.

Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posing oneself a problem and then originating or inventing a solution along new and unconventional lines. It involves drawing new analogies, discovering new combinations, and/or new applications of things that are already known. It follows, then, that a creative person will exhibit great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to sort out and combine, in the solution of problems. He will be emotionally receptive to new and unconventional ideas and will be less interested in facts than

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in their implications. Most important of all he will be able to communicate uninhibitedly and will not be too concerned about other people?s reaction to his apparently ?crazy? notions. People called the Wright brothers mad but it did not stop them from becoming the first men to construct and fly a heavier-than-air craft.

21. The author believes that creative thinking ______________. A. is only possessed by great artists. B. requires rare talent and genius.

C. is needed in the solution of many problems. D. belongs to a lucky few.

22. In order to solve scientific problems, people _____________. A. should not be afraid of what others think. B. should be mad or crazy. C. must possess crazy notions. D. should have inhibitions.

23. Creative thinking involves _________________. A. drawing new pictures of old things. B. observing the actions of great people. C. finding the problem and originating a solution. D. discovering new emotions.

24. A creative person must look at facts _______________. A. for their face-value. B. for what they imply. C. and remember them. D. which are less interesting.

25. In this passage, the word “unconventional” means ________________. A. not ordinary. B. not political.

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C. unacceptable. D. not creative.

Passage Six:

From the southwest a wall of fog advanced swiftly on the ship. Thick clouds of water vapor closed about the masts, and for a few moments it seemed as if the sails were beginning to melt; and then, suddenly they vanished. The ship halted. All sounds ceased. The fog became motionless and seemed to grow thicker. As the white stillness took possession of their world, sailors lost sight of each other. Even though the fog looked as if it would last for days, it did vary somewhat in intensity. Now and then it would thin out slightly, transforming the ship into a ghostly image. Several times the dark shadow of the coast could be seen swimming through the white cloud which hung over the water. During these moments, the ship was able to move carefully toward the shore. It was dangerous to remain at sea in such conditions, and the officers knew of a nearby harbor in which they could more safely await better weather. Slowly, with infinite caution and patience, the seamen crept closer and closer, seeing the cliffs as only a dark shadow with a narrow border of angry foam at its foot. When they finally anchored the ship, the fog was so thick that for all they could see, they might have been a thousand miles out in the open sea. Yet the shelter of the land could be felt. There was a peculiar quality in the stillness of the air. Very faintly, the sound of water washing against the encircling shore reached their ears, with mysterious sudden pauses. 26. The ship anchored _____________. A. thousand miles out at sea. B. in a narrow passage. C. next to a dock. D. near the shore.

27. As the fog reached them, the sails _____________. A. became damaged.

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B. began to disappear. C. blew away.

D. were filled by the wind.

28. The movement of the ship toward the harbor was ___________.

A. steady. B. cautious. C. swift. D. reckless. 29. The best title for this passage is _____________.

A. The Sails B. The Ship C. The Harbor D. The Fog 30. What did the men do when the fog first reached them? A. They stopped the ship.

B. They anchored the ship in the harbor. C. They sailed far out to the open sea.

D. They became frightened because of the tossing of the angry waves.

Passage Seven:

Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.

First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by moving the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.

One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy

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entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk as far as possible. It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.

31. Pruning should be done to _________________. A. make the tree grow taller. B. improve the shape of the tree. C. get rid of the small branches. D. make the small branches thicker.

32. Trees become unhealthier if the gardener ___________________. A. allows too many branches to grow in the middle. B. does not protect them from the wind. C. forces them to grow too quickly. D. damages some of the side branches. 33. Why is a special substance painted on the tree? A. To make a wound smooth.

B. To prevent disease entering a wound. C. To cover a rough surface. D. To help a wound to dry.

34. A good gardener prunes a tree ________________. A. at intervals throughout the year.

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B. as quickly as possible. C. occasionally when necessary. D. regularly every winter.

35. What was the author?s purpose when writing this passage? A. To give practical instructions for pruning a tree. B. To give a general description of pruning. C. To explain how trees develop diseases. D. To discuss different methods of pruning.

Passage Eight:

Today?s trumpet is one of the world?s oldest instruments. It is really the result of many centuries of development. Although it looks nothing like its ancestors, there are many similarities. All trumpets are hollow tubes. They are all blown. And they all use the player?s lips to produce the basic sound.

The trumpet developed as players and makers worked to improve its design, size, shape, material, and method of construction. They wanted to create an instrument that would produce a beautiful and attractive tone, enable the performer to play all the notes of scale, extend the range higher and lower, make it possible to play more beautiful music, and, in general, be easier to play well. The remarkable way in which the modern trumpet achieves these goals is a measure of the success of all those who struggled to perfect this glorious instrument.

The trumpet is actually the leading member of an entire family of related instruments. There are trumpets of several different sizes, and in several different keys. There are cornets, bugles, flugelhorns, and a number of others that are all similar to the trumpet in the way they are made and played.

The trumpet family is much more than a group of related instruments that can stir one with their sound, or narrow tubes of metal capable of producing a variety of musical sounds. It is a

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link to many different periods of history and to people of many cultures. From the use of trumpets in ancient religious ceremonies to the part they play in modern rock bands, the trumpet family of instruments has much to tell about civilization and its development. 36. What is the best title for this passage? A. Science and Trumpet. B. Recordings of the Trumpet. C. The Trumpet and Its Ancestry. D. How the Trumpet is Made.

37. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is needed to make the trumpet

work?

A. Air pressure. B. Keen eyesight. C. Daily cleaning. D. Long fingers. 38. Which of the following can be inferred about the first trumpet players? A. They could not play all the notes of the scale. B. They were not able to pick up the trumpet. C. They could not play simple tunes.

D. They had difficulty improving upon the trumpet.

39. The word “one” (1st sentence of 4th para.) could best be replaced by ______________. A. the listener B. a family C. the composer D. an instrument 40. The author believes that the trumpet is particularly important because it ______________. A. can be used in rock bands B. has historical significance C. is a religious instrument D. has a narrow range

Passage Nine:

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All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certainty. There are still too many things that we do not know about the way the universe is put together, but we do know what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it.

Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely determined. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say with confidence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will. At the unseen switches, however, there is no such certainty. We know that the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events.

When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our “track many billions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal of science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed.

41. According to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe because we ____________.

A. have too many conflicting theories.

B. do not have enough funding to continue our research. C. are not sure how the universe is put together. D. think too much of our present situation.

42. What does the author see as the function of the universe?s unseen switches? A. They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use. B. They enable us to alter the course of the universe.

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C. They give us information about the lunar surface.

D. They determine which course the universe will take in the future.

43. The word “track” (6th sentence of 2nd para.) could best be replaced by which of the following?

A. band B. rails C. path D. sequence 44. For whom is the author probably writing this passage?

A. train engineers B. general audiences C. professors of statistics D. young children 45. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage? A. a statement illustrated by analogy B. a hypothesis supported by documentation C. a comparison of two contrasting theories D. a critical analysis of a common assumption

Passage Ten:

The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist?s timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.

In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking”. This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrates or “ticks” 24 billion times a second.

One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astrological observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this Atomichron is a cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.

An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the

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accuracy of the predictions based on Einstein?s relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at the speed of 18000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they could be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.

46. The selection says that the accuracy of scientific observation depends on __________. A. methods of measurement. B. timekeeping methods. C. basic assumptions. D. earlier experiments. 47. Atomic clocks differ according to __________.

A. function. B. type of molecule or atom used. C. rate of vibration. D. both b and c. 48. From the selection, we may assume that temperature changes __________. A. affect only ammonia molecules. B. may affect the vibration rate of atoms. C. affect the speed at which the atoms travel. D. do not affect atoms in any way.

49. Identical atomic clocks may be used to check __________. A. the effect of outer space on an atomic clock. B. the actual speed of an orbiting satellite.

C. the accuracy of predictions based on theories of relativity. D. all of Einstein?s theories.

50. An appropriate title for this selection would be __________.

A. A Peacetime Use of the Atom. B. Atoms and Molecules. C. The Satellite Timekeepers. D. The Role of the Clock.

Passage Eleven:

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Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people?s. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught------to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle------compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.

If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can?t fin the way to get the right answer. Let?s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.

Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one?s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world? Don?t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.”

51. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?

A. by copying what other people do

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B. by making mistakes and having them corrected C. by listening to explanations from skilled people D. by asking a great many questions

52. What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?

A. They give children correct answers. B. They point out children?s mistakes to them. C. They allow children to mark their own work. D. They encourage children to copy from one another.

53. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are _______.

A. not really important skills. B. more important than other skills.

C. basically different from learning adult skills. D. basically the same as learning other skills.

54. Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children?s progress should only be estimated by __________.

A. educated persons. B. the children themselves. C. teachers. D. parents.

55. The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are __________.

A. too independent of others. B. too critical of themselves. C. unable to think for themselves. D. unable to use basic skills.

Passage Twelve:

At Cape Churchill in northeastern Manitoba, where the shore of Hudson Bay makes an abrupt 90-degree turn to the west, polar bears congregate in the autumn, waiting for the ice that is their home. By November, pack ice has formed beyond the fast ice, and the bears are moving. To be at the very tip of the Cape in November is to be in the middle of a slow but steadily flowing

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river of bears, methodically picking their way across the jumbled ice in a straight-push for their hunting grounds.

The polar bears of Hudson Bay are a distinct population thriving at the southern end of their range. Polar bears live on seals, and to hunt them the bears must have ice to get to where the seals are. Yet in Hudson Bay the ice melts by July and the bears have to come ashore, there to spend four months eating very little, digging into sand dunes and dirt so they can stay cool in the summer “heat”, relaxing into a physiological state like that of black bears in winter dens. They are the polar bear population most accessible to humans, and they are not only the best studied but the most easily experienced by amateur naturalists, photographers, and just plain tourists. 56. With what aspect of bears? lives is the passage mainly concerned?

A. Their evolution B. Their hunting skills C. Their temperament D. Their seasonal movements 57. When the bears move out onto the ice, they look for their __________.

A. dens. B. young. C. food. D. males.

58. According to the passage, during which of the following periods of time are the polar bears ashore?

A. January through March B. July through October C. September through December D. November through July 59. Where in the passage does the author describe the bears? activities after the ice melts?

A. 1st sentence of 1st para. B. 2nd-3rd sentences of 1st para. C. 1st-2nd sentences of 2nd para. D. 3rd-4th sentences of 2nd para. 60. It can be inferred from the passage that the polar bear population of Hudson Bay ____.

A. is one of several polar bear populations. B. is unfriendly toward humans.

C. consumes food voraciously during the whole year.

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D. is an endangered species.

V. Translation.

1. The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that the is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer.

2. The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hope.

3. Certainly the miracle chip will affect American life in ways both begin and productive. The computer revolution is stimulating intellects, liberating limbs and propelling mankind to a higher order of existence.

4. Someone took one of the best-known of examples, which is still always worth the

reconsidering. When we talk of meat on our tables we use French words; when we speak of the animals from which the meat comes we use Anglo-Saxon words.

5. The playfulness of the modern aesthetic is, finally, its most striking------and also its most serious and, by corollary, its most disturbing------feature.

6. On a Winter day some years ago, coming out of Pittsburg on one of the expresses of the Pennsylvania Railroad, I rolled eastward for an hour through the coal and steel towns of Westmoreland county.

7. One speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.

8. From East Liberty to Greensburg, a distance of twenty-five miles, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye.

9. Today modern culture includes the geometries of the International Style, the fantasies of

facadism, and the gamesmanship of theme parks and museum villages.

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10. In all this serenity of ocean it is seldom that we espy so much as another ship; the jolly

dolphins and the scratchy little flying-fish have the vast circle all to themselves, ?the Flying-Fish, who has a part with the birds,? and doubtless are glad to see the last of the monster which bears us into and out of sight.

11. Especially was this true of the college contingent, whose idealism had led them to enlist

early and who had generally seen a considerable amount of action.

12. The diversity gives endless color to the city, so that walking in it is a constant education in sights and smells. There is a wonderful variety of places to eat or shop, and though the most successful of such places are likely to be touristy hybrid compromises, they too have genuine roots.

V. Write a short passage of 300 words in English on any of the topics .

1. Physical Exercise 2. My Ideal Job 3. The Happiness of Reading 4. Population Control

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Answers

I. Multiple Choice.

1.c 2.a 3.b 4.a 5.d 6.a 7.d 8.b 9.c 10.c 11.c 12.a 13.a 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.a 18.b 19.a 20.b 21.c 22.a 23.a 24.d 25.a 26.d 27.c 28.b 29.d 30.c 31.b 32.d 33.b 34.c 35.b 36.c 37.c 38.c 39.c 40.a

II. Replace the italicized words with simple, everyday words.

1. gloomy 2. fronts 3. characterized 4. spent … on it 5. difference 6. level of existence 7. forces 8. strike 9. torture 10.see 11. hold talks with our enemy 12. listeners 13. dry and barren 14. lonely 15. abundance 16. fame

17. at the same time 18. religious belief 19. wordiness 20. tells 21. moved backward 22. profitable 23. dwellings 24. supple 25. distinguishing 26. abundance 27. major 28. various

III. Paraphrase.

1. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also

went out.

2. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out

wildly excited.

3. In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or

force others to accept his point of view.

4. The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright.

5. Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying

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way of life.

6. The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making

drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.

7. It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle

and have social intercourse.

8. A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety; a person who

loses has to live among the defeated, who are in the majority in New York.

9. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because

he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 10. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.

11. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit

down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef.

12. I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard

work and research and after continuous praying.

13. Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the

worker.

14. These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns and their

families. They suddenly felt very confused and weary of the world. They and their relatives could not understand why this happened.

15. This reconsidering of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for

granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.

16. In both these roles of banking and communications headquarters, New York starts or

originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.

17. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.

18. She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community, that she

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was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal.

19. The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more. 20. They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost

fiendish and wicked.

21. Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management.

22. Something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down. 23. The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or

what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins

24. The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional

advertising. These people find pleasure in much of this kind of advertising and has no scruples using it to further their own ends. 25. The donkeys went in and out among the people…

26. … I was again overcome by a guilty conscience as I had been when I first arrived at the

station…

27. … to ensure the making public of data which were originally classified as top secret… 28. … an enlarged living room by a new addition to the original space… 29. … and seemed to be advancing rapidly…

30. From what I hear, you won a hundred dollars in gambling and then spent the money drinking…

31. The computer revolution is moving humanity to a higher quality of life.

32. … to produce some artificial devices which can solve problems, direct conduct by reasoning

and which can function properly…

IV. Reading Comprehension.

1-5.cdaab 6-10.cabbd 11-15.abcbc 16-20.abccd 21-25.cacba 26-30.dbbda

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31-35.baada 36-40.caaab 41-45.cdcba 46-50.bdbcd 51-55.abdbc 56-60.dcbda

V. Translation.

1. 另一方面，卖主故意一再声称他现在的要价是无利可图的；只是出于他个人对买主的敬慕，才肯这样不惜血本。

2. 当前人类文明对全球环境威胁的战略实质以及全球环境变化对 人类文明威胁

的战略实质向我们提出了一系列相同的挑战和不正确的期望。

3. 神奇的硅片肯定会既有益又有效地影响美国生产，计算机革命正在推动智力发展，解

放四肢，把人类的生活提高到一个新的水平。

4. 有人举出一个人所共知的例子，这现象仍然值得三思。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时，用法

国词：谈到提供此类肉食的牲畜时，用盎格鲁——撒克逊词。

5. 现代美学的玩耍性说到底是其最突出，也是最严肃，而必然也是其最令人不安的特征。 6. 几年前的一个冬日，我坐宾夕法尼亚铁路的快车离开匹兹堡。车向东开了一个小时，通

过威斯摩兰县的煤城、钢都。

7. 他们讲的是幸福，指的是完全机械的重复活动，这种活动使人完全失去了独立的思考和

任何的主动性。

8. 从东自由镇到格林斯堡，在这全长25英里的路上，从火车上看 去，没有一幢房子

不让人看了感到眼睛不舒服和难受。

9. 今天，现代文化包括了国际风格的几何图形，传统门面与新型建筑相结合的奇特图案

以及主题公园和博物馆村庄的游戏绝招。

10. 在这一片宁静的大海上，就连另外一只船我们也难得看见。欢乐的海豚和那些喳喳地

鸣叫、“与飞鸟有一点相似之处”的小飞鱼便是这一广阔天地的主人。当它们再也看不到载着我们出入它们视野的怪物时，它们肯定是多么高兴啊！

11. 从大学参军的这一批人更是如此。理想主义使他们很早就参了军，因此一般来说他们

经历的战斗比较多。

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12. 多样化使这个城市色彩无穷。漫步此城可以不断受到情景与风味方面的教育。有众多

的各有特色的地方可以去吃饭或购买物品。虽然其中最成功的是为了招引游客而把各种民族特色混在一起的地方，而且他们也都有真正的根基。

VI. Writing.（略）

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