2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

2012年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案

第一部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. All the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement.

A. color

B. arrangement

C. size

D.function

2.The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.

A fresh

B.hot

C. heavy

D. windy

3.The walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks.

A . big

B. long

C. new

D. empty

4.Our aim was to (update) the health service, and we succeeded.

A. modernize

B. offer

C. provide

D. fund

5.Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely.

A slightly

B.partly

pletely

D. faintly

6.Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality.

A. success

B. description

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

C. evidence

D. plan

7. He has been granted (asylum) in France.

A.power

B. relief

C. protection

D. license

8.When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a (peep) look.

A.look

B.chance

C. visit

D. try

9.She moves from one (exotic) location to another.

A.familiar

B.similar

C.proper

D. unusual

10.We almost (ran into) a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.

A. overtook

B. hit

C. passed

D. found

11.He was (weary) of the constant battle between them.

A.fond

B.proud

C.tired

D. afraid

12.Nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again.

A. attract

B.teach.

C.help

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

D.discourage

13.He shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg.

A.control

B. ease

C. experience

D. suffer

14.The photographs (evoked) strong memories of our holiday in France.

A.refreshed

B. stored

C. blocked

D. erased

15.Newborn babies can (discriminate) between a man’s and a woman`s voice.

A.treat

B. express

C.analyzes

D. distinguish

第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Mind-Body Connections

Norman Cousins was a famous American magazine editor. In 1964, he returned from an overseas trip and then became very ill. In the hospital, he had terrible pain and couldn't move his body. Doctors told him he had a serious disease called ankylosing spondylitis（强直性脊柱炎）and said he had only 1 chance in 500 of surviving. They gave him powerful drugs, but his condition only got worse.

Cousins had read about a theory that negative emotions can harm your health. He believed that positive emotions were good for one's health, and he decided to try an experiment. He would fill his days with good feelings and laughter and see if that might improve his condition.

He left the hospital and moved into a hotel room. There, he got a large supply of funny TV programs and copies of old Marx Brothers movies and cartoons. He also hired a nurse to read funny stories to him. His plan was to spend the whole day laughing and thinking about happy things. On his first night in the hotel, Cousins found that laughing at the movies helped his body produce chemicals that reduced pain. For the first time in weeks, he could sleep comfortably for a few hours. Every time the pain came back, he watched another funny movie and laughed until he felt better.

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

Over time, Cousins was able to measure changes in his body with blood tests. He found that the harmful chemicals in his body decreased at least 5 percent every time he watched a funny movie. After a short time, he was able to stop taking all of his medications. Finally his condition improved so much that he could go back to work.

Cousins later wrote a book about how laughter and happiness helped him to survive a deadly illness. Many people didn't believe his story and said that his doctors were wrong about his disease. But since then, research has found that emotions do have a strong effect on physical health, and experiments found that laughter can help to reduce pain. Scientists today are working to understand the ways that our minds affect our bodies.

16. Norman Gousins became ill while he was traveling in another country.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17. Doctors told Cousins that he would probably die from his disease.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

18. Drugs helped to stop the pain of Cousins's disease.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

19. Cousins started watching movies because he was bored.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20. Cousins spent a lot of time laughing every day.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

21. Movies were better than funny stories for stopping pain.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

22. When Cousins wrote his book, everyone agreed with him.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

三、概括大意和完成句子：

第3 部分： 概括大意与完成句子(第28-30题，每题1 分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2 项测试任务：(1) 第23-26 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第1-4 段

每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27 -30 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）

1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patient's immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain. However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present.

2 MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form （复发型）and the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission（减轻）.which means that a person's nor

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

mal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active. This is the most common form of MS; 80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, Ioss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent.

3 In the primary progressive form of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis.

4 The expected course of the disease, or prognosis（预后）,depends on many variables: the subtype of the disease, the patient's individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person - provided that a reasonable standard of care is received. In some cases a near-normal life span is possible.

5 The cause of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility（易感性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset（发作）of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40.It is more common in women than men; however, it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.

23. Paragraph 1______

24. Paragraph 2 ______

25. Paragraph 3______

26. Paragraph 4______

A. The relapsing form of MS

B. The cause of MS

C. The primary progressive form of MS

D. The definition of MS

E. The development of MS

F. The treatment for MS

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

27. MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and ______

28. An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by ______

29. 10-15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having ______

30. Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than ______

A. the elderly people

B. relatives of MS patients

C. the progressive form

D. the brain

E. life expectancy

F. the disease

第四部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇

Gross National Happiness

In the last century， new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan， however， was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read， and they did not know much about the outside world. Then， in 1972， a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern， but without losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased， the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, prote

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

cted environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.

Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

A. A president.

B. A buddist preist.

C. A king.

D. A general.

32. Apart from moderizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?

A. To make its populaton grow.

B. To keep it separate from the world.

C. To encourage its people to get rich.

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

D. To keep its tradition and customs.

33. A country shows its progress with GNP by

A. spending more money.

B. spending less money.

C selling more products.

D. providing more jobs.

34 According to GNH, people are happier if they

A have new technology.

B have a good, stable government.

C can change their religion.

D have more money.

35 Today many countries are

A trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.

B using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.

C working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.

D taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.

第二篇

Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others

Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.

Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.

Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.

The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.

"Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.” said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”

However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced."

Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.

"Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter." he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness.”

36. John Hayes points out in a recent study that

A. it is healthy to eat food without salt.

B. many people reject low-salt food completely.

C. many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly.

D. food with less salt tastes better.

37. The fourth paragraph describes briefly

A. the purpose of the study.

B. the research methodology.

C. the analysis of the research results.

D. the conclusion of the study.

38. The article argues that supertasters

A. like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.

B. like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.

C. consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.

D. like to share salty cheese with nontasters.

39. In paragraph 6, the word "pronounced" is closest in meaning to

A. weary.

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

B. weak.

C. strong.

D. strange.

40. The last two paragraphs illustrate that taste acuity is

A. genetically determined.

B. developed over time after birth.

C. related to one's eye and hair color.

D. still unknown to scientists.

第三篇

Caffeine

Caffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming caffeine for hundreds of years, primarily in the form of coffee, tea, and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had long been observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma（黑色素瘤） skin cancers, although no one knew why. A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiation, a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive, leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial(予宫内膜的) cancer - that is, cancer of the cells lining the uterus - The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women, who are at greatest risk for the disease. Researchers believe blood sugar, fat cells, and estrogen(雌性激素) may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown, people who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily; caffeinated coffee has also been associated with lowered risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化） and liver cancer.

While many of caffeine's undesirable effects, such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, are brief, some short-term benefits, including pain relief, increased alertness, and increased physical endurance, have also been attributed to caffeine. As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting（收缩） blood vessels in the brain, it can alleviate headaches - even migraines(偏头痛) – and can help counter the drowsiness（眩晕）caused by antihistamines(抗组胺药).

Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina - hence its addition to energy-boosting sports drinks.

People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There is no medical basis to give up

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one's diet.

41. Drinking coffee or tea may help

A. lower the incidence of being overweight.

B. lower the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer.

C. increase the incidence of endometrial cancer.

D. increase the incidence of liver cancer.

42. Caffeine is used to

A. reduce high blood pressure.

B. cure liver cancer.

C. relieve headaches.

D. treat skin cancer.

43. Some athletes use caffeine to

A. increase their endurance.

B. improve their speed.

C. maintain their alertness.

D. relax their muscles.

44. Caffeine withdrawal symptoms

A. can become an ongoing problem.

B. may last as long as a week.

C. are usually short-lived.

D. are weight loss and mental disorder.

45. Drinking three cups of coffee a day

A. may not be recommended by most doctors.

B. will probably not cause problems.

C. is harmful to healthy people.

D. may benefit sensitive people.

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

The Mysteries of Nazca

In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑) people for decades.(46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.

The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.

Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. (47) However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.

In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle (记录) of the movement of the stars and planets. (48) later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation between the lines

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

and movements in space.

Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It’s possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. (49) But the local people have never constructed anything this big.

Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. (50)

A. He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”.

B. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.

C. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.

D. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.

E. A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.

F. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.

第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Dreams

Everyone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who ______ (51) that they never dream at all actually dream ______ (52) as frequently as the rest of us, ______ (53) they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly ______ (54) of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in ______ (55) detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated ______ (56). Dreams are not simply visual -we dream with all our ______ (57), so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste.

One of the world's oldest ______ (58) written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams. This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can see ______ (59) dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilizations believed that you ______ (60) never wake a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return ______ (61) time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken.

From ancient times to the present ______ (62), people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to ______(63)their significance. There are many books available on the ______(64)of dream interpretation, although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream ______ (65) there are books.

51. A. demand B. promise . C. agree D. claim

52. A. also B. just C. only D. quite

53. A. though B. besides C. however D. despite

54. A. familiar B. accustomed C. aware D. used

55. A. great B. strong C. high D. deep

56. A. conditions B.impressions C. vision D. collection

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

57. A. efforts B. tastes C.words D.senses

58. A.considered B. known C. regarded D. estimated

59. A. that B. why C. if D. when

60. A. would B. ought C. should D. need

61. A. by B. in C. with D. for

62. A. minute B. hour C. moment D. day

63. A. study B. attach C. explain D. Reach

64. A. fact B. subject C. major D. impact

65. A.as B. like C. so D. such

答案：1-5 BADAC

6-10 BCADB

11-15 CABAD

16-20 BABBA

21-25 CBDAC

26-30 EDFCA

31-35 CDCBA

36-40 CBBCA

41-45 ACACB

46-50 BEAFD

51-55 DBACA

56-60 BDBAC

61-65 BDCBA

2012 年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类(A 级) 试题题解

第1 部分： 词汇选项

1.B layout 是‘布局、安排’ 的意思，如：layout of the exhibition hall，layout of the shopping complex 等。本句的意思是： 大楼里所有的公寓布局都一样。arrengement 可以指时间、日程的安排，也可以指空间的分割和安排，function是‘功能’。

2 .A crisp通常用于修饰食品，表示‘脆的、新鲜而脆生的’，如：crisp crackers，crisp

lettuce 等。但它也可以用来描述天气，表示 ‘清新、凉爽的’，在本句中它表示就是这个意思，所以可以用fresh 来代替。

3. D hollow 是 ‘空心的’ 意思，如：a hollow tree，a hollow pipe这里可以用empty来替换。

4 .A update 的意思就是现在常说的‘升级、更新’和modernize ‘现代化’ 意义相近。

5. C utterly 是 ‘完全’ 的意思，和completely 同义。

6.B profile 这个词原指一个人的面部(尤其是侧面) 的轮廓、外形，这里它的词义扩大

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

为指对一个人所作的概括描述。

7.C asylum 是 “政治避难” 如：seek asylum ，政治避难也是一种保护，所以应选protection ，relief 宽慰、救济， license 执照、许可证。

8.A peep 是 “偷看、一瞥” 其词义包含在look 之中，是look 的一个下义词。

9.D exotic这个词原来的意思是“外国的、有异域风情的”，在此基础上它的词义又扩展 为‘不同一般的、新奇的’，所以在这里可以用unusual 来替换它。

10.B run into 的字面意义就是 “跑到 里面去” 如：The kids a11 ran into the park. 此外 它常常作为一个固定的短语来用，可以具有“不期而遇、撞上、遭遇” 等多种意义， 如：I ran into all old friend in the street yesterday. He ignored his parents' advice and soon ran into big trouble. 它在本句中的意思就是 “撞上” 相当于hit。

11.C weary 的意思就是“疲倦、厌倦、厌烦”和tird 词义相近，不同的是tired更常用 于表示体力上的疲倦，weary 则更常用于表示感情、精神上的厌倦。

12.A induce 导致、致使、劝说成功，在四个选项中和attract 意义相近，句子的意思是： 没有什么会促使我再次投他的票。

13.B allviate 减轻、降低、缓和，最常见的搭配就是alleviate pain，减轻痛苦，所以这里 可用ease 来替换。其他常见的搭配有：alleviate suffering/crisis/tensieon/traffic congestion/ unemployment/inflation 等等，表示不同的意义。

14.A evoke memories 勾起回忆，evoke 这个词具有 “引起、唤起” 等意义，最常见的搭配就是evoke memories，相当于refresh memories，此外它也可以用于表示引起某种感情、 反响，如：The White Paper concerning human rights conditions in the country evoked strong reactions from the general public.

15.D discriminate 区分、区别、分得出，和distinguish 同义。

第2 部分： 阅读判断

16 B 第一段第二句说，“Cousins 从国外旅行回来，然后就重病” 本题说是“在国外旅行 时生病” 故是错的。

17 A 第一段第三句说，“医生说他的存活率只有五百分之一”，可见“他很可能会死”。

18 B 第一段最后一句说，“医生让他服用一些特效药，可是他的病情却愈来愈糟糕”，故 本题是错的。

19 B 第二段和第三段说，Cousins 是为了做试验，看看良好心情和大笑是否可以改善他的

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

病情才决定每天看有趣的影视作品的，根本不是闲极无聊才去看的。

20 A 第三段第四句说，“他打算整天大笑和想些令人高兴的事情”，故本题是对的。

21 C 整篇短文没有对电影和好笑的故事两者对于止痛哪个效果更好做出比较。

22 B 最后一段第二句说，“许多人不相信他的故事”，可见不是人人都相信他书中所写的东西。

第3 部分： 概括大意与完成句子

23 D 第一段第一句就解释了MS是什么疾病，接着又介绍了它对人体的影响，故答案应该是D。

24 A 第二段第一句说，MS有两种类型：复发型和原发性渐进型，然后就详细具体介绍了复发型是什么情况。

25 C 第三段简单介绍了原发性渐进型是什么样的情况。

26 E 第四段谈了MS的预后，特别是病人的预期寿命情况。

27 D 本题答案存在于第一段第二句中，其中就说到“本病影响到身体和大脑之间的电信奇的传递”。

28 F 第二段第二句就说到“复发型病人在疾病复发变严重之前可以有一段时期身体功能恢复正常”。

29 C 第三段讲的就是原发性渐进型的MS，最后一句明确回答了本题。

30 A 第五段第二句说，“本病通常都发生于20-40岁的成年人”， 故老年人自然较少。

第4 部分： 阅读理解

31 C 第一段里就提到一位名为King Jigme Singre Wangchuck 的新的统治者，很显然 Wangchuck 是一位国王。

32 D 第一段的结尾处讲到King Jigme Singre Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern ，but without losing its traditions，可见这位国王决定要让不丹现代化，但又不失去 自己的传统。

33 C 在第二段里可以找到对GNP 一个十分简单化的解释：The GNP measures products and, money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress，也就是说卖出的产品增加了，就说明这个国家就在进步。

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

34 B 第三段列举了衡量GNH的多个标准，其中包括人民享受医疗保险、受教育、有工 作、生态环境健康并受到保护等等。最后提到的一个标准便是人民有个好的、稳定的政 府。

35 A 答案在第五段里下面这两句句子中可以看到：Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.

36 C 从第一段和第二段中我们知道，很多人是很难接受低盐食品的，故C是正确答案， 其他选项短文中都没有那么说。

37 B 第四段讲了如何对87 位参与实验的人进行分类，如何测试，用什么东西进行测试， 测试多长时间，因此应该是B，其他选项都不是第四段的内容。

38 B 第五段后半段说到，“口味要求重的人对口味要求强烈，他们吃盐比口味要求轻的人 多，而快餐食品主要是咸味，所以他们更喜欢快餐食品”，故B是正确答案，其他选项 均与事实不符。

39 C pronounced 作为形容词，其意思就是definite (明确的) 、strongly marked (很明显的) ，故这里strong 是它的同义词。

40 A 第五段说到，“味觉敏感度的差异，与眼睛和头发的颜色一样，是自然存在的” 可见这是遗传所决定的，其他各个选项都不是短文论述的内容。

41 A 第一段第三句说，“据观察，习惯喝咖啡、喝茶的人，其皮肤黑色素瘤这种癌症的发 病率比较低”，可见A项是正确答案，其他选项均与短文论述不符。

42 C 第二段最后一句说，“咖啡因可以使大脑收缩从而缓解头痛”，故C项是正确答案， 其他选项均与短文论述不符。

43 A 第三段最后一句说，“对跑步和自行车运动员的研究表明，咖啡因可以提高他们的耐 力”而endurance 的意思正是短文中stamina的意思，可见A 项是正确答案，其他选项短文中均未提到。

44 C 最后一段第一、二句中说到，“经常喝咖啡的人，如果突然停喝或减量，可能出现脱 瘾症状，幸亏大多数人的这些症状只持续一、两天”，可见C项是正确答案，其他选项 均与短文论述不符。

45 B 短文倒数第二句说，“大多数医生认为，每天喝大约三杯咖啡对健康人无害”，可见B项是正确答案，其他选项不是与短文论述不符，就是没有提到。

第5部分：补全短文

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

46 B 空格后面那句话以But 开头是一个很好的提示，既然这句话说的是 ‘然而，从高空 看下去 '， 那么空格里那句话应该和这句话形成对比，果然，这句话说的是：Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth, ( 从地面上看 )。

47 E 和上面一题同理，空格后面那句话的第一个词However 可以是一个很好的提示：此 外，这句话讲的‘在一幅满是狗和猴子的图画中间降落飞船有点难以理解’( it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs aad monkeys) , 也是一个很好的提示，空格里的话可能和飞行物有关。果然，选项E讲的就是一位瑞士 作家曾写道这些图形是为不明飞行物的降落设计的( the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs)。

48 A 从空格前后的两句句子可以看出，这一段是从天文学研究的角度来揣测这些奇怪的图 像的作用的，六个选项中只有A 和天文有关：He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”。 此外，这句话中的代词he也能在上文中找到合适的所指，即an American explorer named Paul Kosok。

49 F 这一段讲的是另外一种猜测，即这些图形可能和当地人的宗教活动有关， 六个选项中 只有F 提到宗教典礼：The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies。

50 D 这一段说的又是另一种猜测，即这些图形和当地的水利建设有关，不过这也就是个 别研究者如Johnson的猜测，尚需更多的证据来证实，最后一句话Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this 说的正是这一点。此外，这句话中的代词this也在上文 里找到合适的所指，即Johnson的猜测。

第6 部分：完形填空

51 D 从空白处后面的宾语从句意思看，只有选择clain (声称) 才符合上下文的意思。

52 B just as+adj./adv.+as 是英语的习惯用法，表示“正像 一样、完全像 一样”，用在这里正合适。just 在这里是起强调作用的，其他三个选项都不这样搭配使用。

53 A 从上下文意思分析，这里应该选填一个能表示转折关系的连接词，though正好起这样的作用。虽然despite 也有表示转折的意思，但它是介词，在这里无法使用。

54 C 在回答本题时，首先要注意空白处后面有介词of，显然，正确的选项应该能与of搭配，四个选项中只有aware 可与of搭配，意思 (“知道、意识到”) 也正合适，其他三个选项，无论搭配关系还是词义，在这里均不合适，familiar with 意为“熟悉 ”，acustomed to 和used to均表示“习惯于 ”的意思。

55 A indetail是一个词组，意为“详细地” 要在detail前面加一个形容词加以强调，习惯 上使用great，in great detail意为“非常详细地”，其他三个选项习惯上不与其搭配。

56 B 从上下文分析，空白处所在的部分显然是要说，“这些人只保留那些看来是毫不相干

2012年职称英语真题卫生类A(含答案解析)

的并不完整的乱七八糟的模糊印象而已”。只有选择B项才说得通，其他三个选项均不合适。

57 D 本空白处的前后提到了“visual”，“sound”“touch”“smell”和“taste”，这些都属于 人的senses，因此其他选项均不合适。

58 B 此空白处是要填一个能作为written documents(文献) 定语的词，既然这部文献值得 被作者在这里介绍，自然是known ( 已知的、众所周知的) ，而不是其他三个选项所说的 “被考虑的” “被猜测的” “被估计的”。

59 A 本空白处是要选择一个能引导宾语从句的连接词，从上下文意思看，只能从A、B 两 个选项中选择，因为此句的前后都没有解释 “当时人们认为做梦有特殊意义” 的原因， 因此最佳选择还是that，也就是说，只介绍一个事实的存在。

60 C 本空白处后面说到，“睡眠时灵魂是离开身体的”。如果此时被叫醒，其后果可想而 知，因此最佳答案应选should。ought 虽然也有这个意思，但它的用法是ought to do sth.

61 B 四个选项中，只有in time是固定搭配，意为 “及时” 用在这里是恰当不过了。

62 D 从上下文意思看，只有day 最恰当，因为 “从古代直至今天”，这里的 “今天” 并不是指具体的哪一天，而是 “现在” 的意思。moment 之所以不恰当，就是因为没有必要 强调 “此时此刻”；其他两个选项更不合适了。

63 C 四个选项中只有A 和C 可以考虑。但从上下文意思看，还是explain 是最佳选择，因 为 “人们一直都试图去诠释做梦” 所以后面最好接着说 “解释它的意义”，如果用study，则它包括的范围更大，因为上面所说的这些都属于study (研究) 的范围，在这里还 是explain 更具体、更合适。

64 B 四个选项中只有subject (主题、题目) 适合填在这里，其他三个选项都无法考虑。

65 A 回答此题时要注意前面的as many，后面的空白常常跟着另一个as，as + adj./adv.+as (像 一样 ) 是一个固定用法，其他三个选项均无法考虑。

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