虚拟语气总结

虚拟语气

一、概念

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

二、应用条件

在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。

三、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

*真实条件状语从句与非真是条件状语从句

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。

非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实)

If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）

If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。 （非真实，虚拟语气）

If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实，虚拟语气）

3.0 以下是表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：

If+主语+did

与现在事实相反

（be动词were）

could/might+do 主语+should/would/

从句

主句

主语+should/would/

与过去事实相反

If+主语+had done

could/might+have done

1.If+主语+did 主语+should/would/ 与将来事实相反 2.If+主语+were to could/might+do 3.If+主语+should 3.1与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反的假设，条件从句的谓语用“过去式(be通常用were)”，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：

（1）If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）

（2）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）

（3）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.

如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) （4）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）

（5）If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） （6）If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker.

如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) 3.2与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用“过去完成时(had+过去分词)”，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：

（1） If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了）

（2）If we had found him earlier ，we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)

（3）If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话） （4）If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

3.3、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去式时(be通常用were) 或 should（ were to）+ 动词原形，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。

（1）If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) (2)If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） （3）If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小） （4）If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. 如果明天下雨，足球比赛就会推迟。

(5)If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末

（6）If I asked him，I’m sure he would help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)

注意 （1）主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。

（2）would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。

If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)

If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)

If you tried again you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)

（3）与将来事实相反的情形，还要注意

A 这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；

B 此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；

C 当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气：

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。

I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。

四、虚拟语气用于名词性从句

4.1虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

4.11 “wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。 （1）表示与现在事实相反或对现在的愿望时，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。

I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)

I wish it were spring all the year round.

（2）表示与过去事实相反或对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(would，should) + have + 过去分词”。 I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道） I wish I had known the answer.

注： had hoped引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

（3）表示将来难以实现的愿望或对将来的愿望时，谓语动词：could/would/should/might + 动词原形

I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） I wish I could fly like a bird.

注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法，见以下5.4）

4.12 意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求的宾语从句，也就是说“一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order, command)四建议(advice. Suggest, propose)五要求(demand , require, request , desire , insist)”，用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求的（1）suggest建议、advise建议、propose提议、demand要求、insist坚持、require需要、request要求、command命令、order命令（2）decree颁布(法令) 、pray请求、ask要求、beg请求、decide决定、desire渴望、urge强调，促进、vote公认，提议、determine决定、intend打算、maintain坚持，主张、move建议，动员、object反对、prefer建议、resolve下决心、recommend推荐、stipulate约

定，规定、arrange安排、这些动词之后的that宾语从句中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。 He ordered that parking（should） be prohibited on Main street during the rush hour. 他下令在(交通)高峰期间禁止在大街上停车。

Tom insisted that his（should） Leadership be recognized by all the boys. 汤姆坚持让所有男孩接受他的领导。 She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated.

注：insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。

He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。

His face suggests that he looks worried . 他的表情暗含着他很担心。 这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气

4.13would(had)rather,would as soon,would sooner和wouldprefer所引起的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气，这一从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：

其虚拟语气的结构为：

过去: had + 过去分词 ; 现在: 过去时(be用were ) ; 将来: 过去时(be用were ) I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿 I'd rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

4.2 虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

表示建议、要求、命令、请求等含义的名词，如：advice忠告、proposal提议、request要求、requirement要求、suggestion劝告，忠告、insistence坚持、resolution决心、desire要求、愿望、decision决定、demand要求、motion提议、necessity必要性、order命令、preference偏爱，选择、pray恳求、recommendation推荐等引导表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如： His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars. The motion is that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record. 该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。

4.3 虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。

4.31在主语从句中，用it is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，从句谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。 这类形容词或分词有：

（1）suggested建议的、advisable合理的、proposed提议requested要求的、required要求的、imperative迫切的crucial关键的、necessary必要的、essential紧要的，基本的、

（2）recommended推荐、insisted坚持的、insistent坚持的、adamant坚定不移的、commanded命令的、vital极其重要的、

（3）decided决定的、determined决定的、arranged安排的、important重要的、 asked请求、keen渴望的、incredible难以置信的、urgent紧迫的、、possible可能的、probable可能的、complied遵照、ordered命令、desired想要、

This is their resolution that extracurriculum activities be made part of their school life. 这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.

It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

4.32、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如: pity可惜，憾事、shame遗憾、better较好的，更好、anxious焦急的、desirable合意的、strange奇怪的、

natural自然的、preferable好一点、resolved决定的、shocked震惊的、appropriate恰当的、

necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better等。

句型：It is.......that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型。

It is appropriate that some time be devoted to thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission. 拿出时间对阿波罗登月计划的结果做详细研究是恰当的。

注意：若这类从句表示的是事实，不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。 如：It is pity that you can’t swim.

4.4 虚拟语气在表语从句和状语从句中的运用

4.41用在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。

She often laughs spontaneously,and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们交谈着，就好像他们是多年的老朋友一样。 She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。

Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）

4.42 由连接词in case, lest,for fear that（惟恐）引起的状语从句中，谓语动词可采用虚拟语气和陈述语气。若采用虚拟形式，即should(might,would)+动词原形，并且should不能省略。

She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。

He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出发了以防迟到。

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她在那个婴儿的身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

注：lest,for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)

例如：The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur. 在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。

4.43在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。 eg.He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。

He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。

4.44在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： 指现在或将来： may +动词原形。

We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。

We will find him wherever he may be.无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。

指过去： may +完成式 。

You mustn’t be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。

We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。

4.5 虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”“（现在）该”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：

It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式（be 用 were）或者 should + 动词原形。

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。

It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 It's very late.It's time we had to go.天太晚了，我们得走了。

4.6虚拟语气用在if only(要是……就好了)、supposing,provided(倘若……)引导的感叹句中。 If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice.

五、虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。

5.1 表示“祝愿”时，常用may + 主语+ 动词原形。 May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。

5.2表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。 Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。

5.3 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 动词原形。 Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？

You should always learn this lesson by heart.你要把这个教训牢记于心。I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。

5.4表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词 + have + 过去分词。

You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。

5.5 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：

It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to close the door?

5.6 用于一些习惯表达法中。如： 5.61 提出请求或邀请。

Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？

Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？

5.62 陈述自己的观点或看法。

I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。 I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。 5.63提出劝告或建议。

You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。 5.64 提出问题。

Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？ Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？

六、关于虚拟语气的省略 6.1 省略if的情况

当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，

这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。

Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

注：A 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。

B． 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词： Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time?)

6.2省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be

若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：

If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier?)

6.3 省略“it+be”

If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。(=If it was necessary, I would?)

6.4虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。

6.41省略从句

这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的： I might see her personally. It would be better.

我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(=?If I saw her personally, it would be better.)

You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。

6.42省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。

七、当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) 有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如： Were I a boy, I would join the army.

Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了

If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。

八、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。在多数情况下，句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，条件会暗含在短语中，如without?., but for?.等；或者暗含在上下文中

8.1条件暗含在短语中。

We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件是otherwise）

Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。（暗含条件是介词短语without your help）

But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是but for your help）It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. 不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。（暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately）

But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。

8.2 条件暗含在上下文中。

I would not have done it that way. 我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you）

I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.

我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.） You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含if you wanted to）

I would have bought the DVD player. 我是会买下那台影碟机的。（可能暗含if I had the money）

But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。（可能暗含if it had not been for the storm）。

九、虚拟语气的练习题

1. It's time that you _____ home and I'd rather you _______ again tomorrow. A. would go ; would come B. went ; came C. go ; are coming D. are going ; will come 2. He insisted that he ________ no help.

A. would need B. needed C. need D. Needs 3. I really wish such a noise ________ soon.

A. had stopped B. would stop C. stopped D. will stop

4. I ____ you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time. A. much have bought B. had bought C. would have bought D. would buy 5. If she could sew, she _______ herself a shirt.

A. had made B. will make C. would have made D. Made 6. _______ he come, the problem would be settled.

A. Would B. Should C. Shall D. If 7. I _______ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.

A. would have hoped B. was hoping C. had hoped D. Hoped 8. It's necessary that each child _________ the rules.

A. must obey B. still obey C. obeys D. Obey 9. The officer gave the order that soldiers ______ to go out at night

A. mustn't be allowed B. not be allowed C. be not allowed D. shouldn't allow 10. His silence at the meeting suggested that he ______ to your plan.

A. shouldn't agree B. wouldn't agree C. hadn't agreed D. didn't agree 11. You ______ to the meeting yesterday . What was the reason for your absence? A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come 12. He ______ the job well, but he _________ so careless.

A. hadn't done ; had been B. could have done ; was C. could do ; was D. had done ; had been 13. There was plenty of time, she _______ have hurried.

A. wouldn't B. needn't C. couldn't D. mustn't

14. He didn't come yesterday, or you ________ him.

A. had seen B. might have seen C. were to see D. would see 15. Li Ning acted that way as though he _________ a foreigner.

A. were B. had been C. should be D. Is 16. \A. had B. did C. have D. Will 17. ______ he would have succeeded in the examinations. A. If he has worked hard B. If he works hard C. If he worked hard D. Had he worked hard 18. What would you do if the war ____________.

A. would break out B. were to break out C. will break out D. is broken out 19. Our former maths teacher died of cancer last term, otherwise he _________ now. A. would still be working B. would still have worked C. should still work D. will still work 20. If it _______ so hard, we'd go to town.

A. isn't going to rain B. doesn't C. weren't raining D. isn't raining 21. Without your help, I _______ the exam last term.

A. failed in B. would have failed C. wouldn't pass D. would fail 22. But for the Party, he ______ of hunger 30 years ago.

A. died B. would die C. must have died D. would have died 23. The doctor did everything he could so that he _________ save the soldier's life. A. might B. must C. had to D. was able to 参考答案

1-5 B B B C C 6-10 B A D B D 11-15 D B B B A 16-20 A D B A C 21-23 B D A 虚拟语气练习题及解答

1. Mr Li required the computer equipment referred ________ used in every classroom. A. should be B. have to be C. to be D. to being 2. —Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country.

—Who is Yang Liwei?

—What a question! It is surprising ________ the first spaceman in China. A. you didn’t know our national hero B. to you not to know him C. you should know nothing about D. you knew nothing about him 3. —What courses are you going to do next term?

—I don’t know. But it’s about time ________ on something.

A. I’d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I’m deciding

4. One of the requirements for the fire is that the material ________ to its burning temperature. A. is heated B. will be heated C. would be heater D. be heated

5. Robert wishes that he ________ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. had studied

6. My demand is that the information referred to in my report ________ to Mr. Brown without delay. A. to be e-mailed B. e-mailed C. be e-mailed D. being e-mailed 7. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ________ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 8. Without electricity human life ________ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 9. If he had not gone out in the storm, he ________ alive now.

A will be B. would be C. would have been D. is

10. If only I ________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 11. But for the party, he ________ of hunger fifteen years ago.

A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die 12. I would have come earlier, but I ________ that you were waiting for me. A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would have known D. haven’t known

13. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ________ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given

14. Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he ________ an Englishman.

A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been 15. We ________ our lives had it not been for the policeman.

A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. had lost 16. _______ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 17. Were it not for the snowy weather, we ________ all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

18. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 19. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 20. How I wish every family ________ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had

C. will have D. had had ◎答案解析◎

1. C. 因为在表示“要求”的require, request, ask, demand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”，句中referred to是过去分词短语，作the computer equipment的定语，所以选C(from www.hxen.com)。

2. C. 因为在it is surprising后的that从句中，谓语要用“should +动词原形”，其中should含“竟然”之意，不可省略。

3. B. 因为It’s (high /about) time后面的从句的谓语动词通常用过去时态。

4. D. 因为requirement后的表语从句的谓语要用“(should +)动词原形”；material(材料)与heat(加热)是被动关系，用被动语态，所以是be heated。

5. D. 因为wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用过去式，此题的study business是与过去事实相反的情况，所以用had studied business(from www.hxen.com)。

6. C. 因为主语是demand时，其后的表语从句的谓语要用“(should +)动词原形”。 7. C. 因为句中otherwise (否则)表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以用would have done。

8. D. 因为介词短语without…表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以用would be。

9. B. 由had not gone可知，条件句是与过去事实相反的情况，而now提示我们，主句是与现在事实相反的情况，所以用would be。

10. D. 因为if only (要是…就要了) 其后的句子要用过去式表示虚拟语气，由as you do可知，是与现在事实相反，所以选knew。

11. A. 因为but for (要不是因为、如果没有) 通常要与虚拟语气连用，由fifteen years ago可知，这是与过去事实相反的情况，所以选would have died(from www.hxen.com)。

12. A. 因为would come earlier是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，而后面分句表示的是事实：当时我的确不知道…所以用一般过去时，选A。

13. C. 因为that从句是suggestion的同位语，应当用“(should+) 动词原形”表示虚拟语气，又因the students与give是被动关系，所以选be given。

14. A. 因为Wang Ling是中国人的名字，显然不是英国人，所以as if从句的谓语要用与现在事实相反的情况，所以用were。

15. A. 因为had it not been for the policeman = if it had not been for the policeman (如果没有警察) ，显然是与过去事实相反的情况，主句中的谓语应是would have lost。

16. B. 因为由主句谓语可判断，表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语应用过去完成时，Had the captain been = If the captain had been。

17. A. 由于从句谓语为一般过去时，表示的是对现在的虚拟，故主句谓语用过去将来时，表示。Were it not for the snowy weather=If it were not for the snowy weather.

18. B。这是个错综时间虚拟条件句：主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为“如果我不是在七岁时就迷上了Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想象我如今会在做什么”。

19. D。本题考查目标与1996上海同。由otherwise和hesitated可知，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用 would+ have+ 过去分词构成(from www.hxen.com)。

20. B。wish 后面宾语从句的谓语总是用过去时态。此题是表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时。句意为“我多么希望每个家庭都有座有一个漂亮花园的大房子啊！”

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