何凯文2018考研英语每日一句

2018考研英语每日一句

今天的句子（第五句）：

1.Equality in education is a crucial prerequisite to equality in wider society. 词汇突破：1.a crucial prerequisite 重要前提

参考译文：教育公平是社会更大范围内公平的重要前提。

2. Widening participation cannot mean teaching young people how to behave ―middle class‖.

参考译文：扩大参与度并不意味着教会年轻人如何表现得像中产阶级。 3. If we continue to link intelligence to assumptions about the way people dress or speak, or the cultural products they apply their knowledge to, we will continue to discourage some of the brightest young people from applying to the best universities.

主干识别：we will continue to discourage some of the brightest young people from applying to the best universities.

切分成分：If we continue to link intelligence to assumptions/ about the way people dress or speak, or the cultural products they apply their knowledge to, 状语从句

参考译文：如果我们把个人的才学与他们穿着打扮和说话的方式联系起来，或者与他们的知识所应用的文化产品相联系起来的话，我们将继续阻止那些最聪明的年轻人去申请最好的大学。

第六句：

Educational professionals break their backs to get kids into Oxford and Cambridge, but the flip side in an area like this is that a lot of the kids don‘t necessarily want to go down an academic pathway. 词汇突破：

1.break their backs ：―非常辛苦地工作‖

2.flip side原来是指唱片的反面的。要是唱片的正面录制了一首热门的流行乐曲的话，唱片的反面往往会录上一些听众反应平平的并不引起轰动的乐曲。当然作为习惯用语flip side不再指唱片的另一面了。

例句：It's fantastic that the President has planned to balance the budget and give Americans a tax break. But the flip side is that students just coming out of college are getting the least tax break of all.

总统已经打算要平衡预算并且给予美国人税额优惠。 但是刚从大学毕业的学生得到的税额优惠却比谁都少。

这段话说了总统减税计划的两方面。一方面广大美国人民都能享受有关优惠，而另一方面，刚毕业的大学生从中得到的好处却少于任何人。 The flip side在这里放在这两种情况之间，显然用来表示语气的转折，导出相对方面，作用相当于on the other hand. 主干识别：

并列句一：Educational professionals break their backs to get kids into Oxford and Cambridge

受过教育的职业人士非常辛苦地工作来让他们的孩子进入牛津或者剑桥。 并列句二：but the flip side in an area like this is that a lot of the kids don‘t necessarily want to go down an academic pathway.

但是在像这样的地区有很多孩子不一定想要走一条学术之路。

2. They want to see local jobs and vocational training relevant to this place and worthy of its heritage.

参考译文：他们想要去（从事）（see）和这个地区相关的并且配得上其历史传承的当地的工作和职业培训。

第七句：

In the current chaotic political climate, where the unpredictability of politics has become the only predictable thing, the largely working-class Midlands city of Stoke is playing host to an ideological battle royale.

词汇突破：1.battle royale：混战 2010年日本有部著名的电影就叫这个名字。翻译为中文是：大逃杀；

2. unpredictability：不可预测性 3. predictable：可预测的

4.the largely working-class：以工薪阶层为主的

5. Midland：midlands 是指英格兰一片区域，近似于我们说的江南江北，有独特的文化概念在里面。

6.play host to 以东道主的身份招待，这里是一种修辞，实际就是ideological battle royale在这里发正的意思。 7.ideological 意识形态

主干识别: the largely working-class Midlands city of Stoke is playing host to an ideological battle royale.

其他成分：1.In the current chaotic political climate,状语

2.where the unpredictability of politics has become the only predictable thing 定语从句（独立成句）

参考译文：当下的政治环境乱成一团，政治的不可预见已经成为唯一可预见的事。工人阶级为主的中部城市斯托克正在进行一场意识形态的大混战。

第八句：

1. In April 2016, Uber announced the acquisition of Otto, a San Francisco-based startup that has developed a kit that can turn any big rig into a self-driving truck.

词汇突破：1. Startup 初创企业2. kit 工具包3. rig 机械设备（这里指车辆） 主干识别：Uber announced the acquisition of Otto

其他成分：a San Francisco-based startup that has developed a kit/ that can turn any big rig into a self-driving truck. 同位语+定语从句

参考译文：2016年4月，优步宣布收购位于旧金山的新创企业Otto，这家公司发展了一种能将任何大型车转换成自动驾驶卡车的―工具包‖。Otto的技术可在高速路上实现完全的自主：卡车能够在完全没有人工干预的条件下驾驶、沿道路行驶、根据交通状况减速或停车。

2.The Otto technology enables complete autonomy on highways: trucks can navigate, stay in their lane, and slow or stop in response to traffic conditions completely without human intervention.

词汇突破：1.autonomy 自主2. navigate 导航3.lane 车道 4. without human intervention 没有人工干预

参考译文：Otto的技术可在高速路上实现完全的自主：卡车能够在完全没有人工干预的条件下导航、沿道路行驶、根据交通状况减速或停车。 There‘s only one problem: truck driving is one of the most common occupations in the US.

参考译文：只有一个问题：卡车司机是美国最常见的职业之一。 Once replaced by automation, where will these jobs go? 参考译文：一旦被自动化取代，这些人将何去何从？

第九句：

1. Over the past couple of decades, however, downtown Los Angeles has undergone a major revival, thanks in part to the introduction of the Adaptive Reuse Ordinance in 1999.

词汇突破：1.thank to 因为 2.undergo 经历 3. the Adaptive Reuse Ordinance适应性再利用法令

主干识别: downtown Los Angeles has undergone a major revival

参考译文：然而在过去的几十年里洛杉矶市中心经历了一次重大复兴；这在一定程度上得益于1999年颁布的《适应性再利用法令》。

2. First targeted at downtown Los Angeles, and extended to other areas in the city in 2003, the ordinance made it easier, cheaper and faster for \historic\词汇突破：1.loft 阁楼，跃层式建筑 2. convert 转化

主干分析：the ordinance made it easier, cheaper and faster for \historic\

切分成分：First targeted at downtown Los Angeles, and extended to other areas in the city in 2003, 状语

独立成句：the ordinance was first targeted at downtown Los Angeles, and was extended to other areas in the city in 2003

参考译文： 该法令最初针对洛杉矶市中心，后来在2003年扩展至该市的其他区域；它使得改造具有历史意义的老式商业楼宇（成为阁楼和住宅）更加容易，速度更快、成本也更低。

3. It resulted in the creation of thousands of housing units in downtown and a rush of people moving back to the area. 词汇突破：a rush of people 大量的人群

参考译文：结果是市中心出现成千上万的住宅单元，人们如潮水般回到这个区域。

第十句：

France‘s financial prosecutor has announced that an investigation into fake work allegations surrounding the presidential candidate Fran?ois Fillon will remain open, in a new blow to the ex-prime minister‘s campaign. 主干识别：France‘s financial prosecutor has announced that 切分成分：an investigation will remain open 宾语从句主干

into fake work allegations surrounding the presidential candidate Fran?ois Fillon 定语

in a new blow to the ex-prime minister‘s campaign 状语

参考译文：在对前总理菲永竞选的一次新的打击中，法国的金融检察官将继续针对其空饷门的指控进行调查。

第十一句：

In a recent interview with Quartz, Gates said that a robot tax could finance jobs taking care of elderly people or working with kids in schools, for which needs are unmet and to which humans are particularly well suited.

这样肯定不通顺，所以可以修改为：TFA正是壮志难酬的体现。

切分成分： after plans for agreements in areas such as intellectual property and trade in services were abandoned. 状语从句 Plans for agreements were abandoned. 状语从句的主干

in areas such as intellectual property and trade in services 状语从句中 的定语 参考译文：在知识产权和服务业贸易等领域的协议计划被放弃之后，《贸易便利化协议》正是壮志难酬的体现。

第十七句：

Traffic is a major contributor to air pollution and there is growing concern

about emissions from diesel vehicles, which contribute through the production of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

词汇突破：1.particulate matter 颗粒物 （PM2.5知道是什么了吧！） 2. contributor 来源 3. emissions 排放 4. diesel vehicles 柴油车

5. nitrogen oxides (NOx) 氮氧化物

主干识别：Traffic is a major contributor to air pollution 并列句一 there is growing concern 并列句二

切分成分：which contribute through the production of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx). 定语从句 which= diesel vehicles

参考译文：汽车尾气（交通）是空气污染的一个主要来源，而柴油车的尾气排放越来越令人担忧，因为它们产生颗粒和氮氧化物等污染物。

第十八句：

While prior administrations have occasionally held background briefings with smaller groups of reporters, it is highly unusual for the White House to cherry-

pick which media outlets can participate in what would have otherwise been the press secretary‘s televised daily briefing. 词汇突破：1. prior administrations 前任政府 2. occasionally 时不时地

3. background briefings 背景介绍会 Briefing 情况介绍会 a press briefing 新闻发布会 a briefing paper 文件 4. cherry-pick 精选，筛选

5. media outlet 网络媒体; 媒介业务; 6.participate 参与 7. daily briefing 新闻简报 8. televised 电视转播 9.press secretary 新闻发言人

确定主干：it is highly unusual for the White House to cherry-pick which media outlets can participate in what would have otherwise been the press secretary‘s televised daily briefing.

特别注意对what的切分；What = something/ that

it is highly unusual for the White House to cherry-pick which media outlets can participate in something

但挑选媒体参加这样的事情极度罕见 什么样的事呢？

that would have otherwise been the press secretary‘s televised daily briefing.原本应由电视转播的新闻发言人每日简报

切分成分：While prior administrations have occasionally held background briefings with smaller groups of reporters,虽然前任政府均会不时地召开针对少数媒体记者的背景吹风会

参考译文：虽然前任政府均会不时地召开针对少数媒体记者的背景吹风会，但挑选媒体参加本来应电视转播的新闻发言人每日简报极度罕见。

第十九句：

The humiliating failure of a system that was supposed to be foolproof,

checked and counterchecked repeatedly, could not have been more public – watched by Hollywood stars and millions of people across the world on television.

词汇突破：1.foolproof 不会错的，万无一失的2.humiliating 令人丢脸的 主干识别：The humiliating failure of a system could not have been more public这样令人丢脸的失误简直不能再公开了。 也就是说：这个丑出的不能再大了

切分成分：that was supposed to be foolproof, checked and counterchecked repeatedly,定语从句

A system was supposed to be foolproof, checked and counterchecked repeatedly这本应该是一个万无一失，反复查验的系统。

watched by Hollywood stars and millions of people across the world on television.定语

The humiliating failure is watched by Hollywood stars and millions of people across the world on television

参考译文：这本应该是一个万无一失，反复查验的系统，但现在却在好莱坞明 星和全世界数以百万计的电视观众面前出现了令人丢脸的错误，而且这个丑出的不能再大了。

第二十句：

While the creators hope the system, which scores comments based on their perceived ―toxicity,‖ could help transform online communities into spaces with more genuine engagement and information, and fewer insults, critics have called similar moves restrictions on their freedom of speech. 词汇突破：1. Perceived 感知的

2. genuine engagement 真实的交流=truly engage with other people 3. freedom of speech 言论自由

4.insult 攻击，谩骂

主干识别：critics have called similar moves restrictions on their freedom of speech.

批评者称类似的做法是对他们言论自由的限制 切分成分+独立成句：

1. While the creators hope the system could help transform online

communities into spaces with more genuine engagement and information, and fewer insults 状语从句

虽然开发者希望这个系统能将网络社区改造为有更多真实交流，有更多真实信息，更少攻击和谩骂的地方。

2. which scores comments based on their perceived ―toxicity,‖ 定语从句

Which=the system

The system scores comments based on their perceived ―toxicity,‖ 这个系统能根据感知―毒性‖给评论打分

参考译文：这个系统能根据感知―毒性‖给评论打分，虽然开发者希望这个系统能将网络社区改造为有更多真实交流，有更多真实信息，更少攻击和谩骂的地方。批评者称类似的做法是对他们言论自由的限制。

第二十一句：

Elsewhere in the land of monetary bits,things move more slowly but trouble is brewing: a potential patent war looms over the blockchain, a distributed ledger that authenticates and records every bitcoin transaction. 词汇突破：1.monetary bits 数字货币 2.brewing 酝酿产生 3. authenticate 记录

4. ledger 分类账

5. distributed 分布式（这两个单词不用记。） 6.loom 即将到来 looming danger=possible danger 主干识别：things move more slowly but trouble is brewing 变化没那么剧烈，但问题正在酝酿

切分成分：1.Elsewhere in the land of monetary bits 状语 在数字货币的其他领域，

2. a distributed ledger that authenticates and records every bitcoin transaction 同位语补充说明blockchain

3. a potential patent war looms over the blockchain 用: 引导的从句。 参考译文：在数字货币的其他领域，变化没那么剧烈，但问题正在酝酿：一场针对区块链（一种分布式分类账，用以认证并记录每一次比特币交易）的专利战即将来临。

第二十二句：

Reason developed not to enable us to solve abstract, logical problems or even to help us draw conclusions from unfamiliar data; rather, it developed to resolve the problems posed by living in collaborative groups. 词汇突破： 1. Abstract抽象的 2. Logical 逻辑的 3. Conclusion 结论 4. Resolve 解决

5. Collaborative 合作的；协作的 6. Not…rather…不是……而是……

第六十二句：

To give Mr. Enninful the reins of one of the most storied woman‘s fashion magazines would be to make a statement about diversity and gender that would resonate far beyond hemlines, upending decades of tradition and

assumptions about men‘s and women‘s roles and reaffirming the importance of a global viewpoint for the fashion industry at a time when barriers are going up around the world. 词汇突破：

1.Reins缰绳，控制权；2.Storied有名的；3.Diversity多元代；4.Resonate共鸣；回响；5.Hemlines裙边（引处指代时装）；6.Assumption假设；预设；7.Reaffirm 重申；8.Global viewpoint 全球视角；9.Barrier 障碍；10.Upending 颠倒，颠覆

确定主干：To give…would be to make a statement （不定式做主语） 主语:To give Mr. Enninful the reins of one of the most storied woman‘s fashion magazines将最有名的女性时尚杂志的控制权交给Enninful先生 宾语：to make a statement

切分成分+独立成句：1.about diversity and gender 定语 2. that would resonate far beyond hemlines 定语 That=statement

3. upending decades of tradition and assumptions about men‘s and women‘s roles

(The statement upends…)推翻了数十年的传统和关于性别角色的预设 4. reaffirming the importance of a global viewpoint for the fashion industry at a time when barriers are going up around the world. (The statement reaffirms…)

参考译文：将最有名的女性时尚杂志的控制权交给Enninful先生，即是发表一份关于性别和多元化的声明，其影响远远超越时装，推翻了数十年的传统和关于性别角色的预设，在这个各国都高筑藩篱的时代重申了全球化视角对于时尚行业的重要性。

第六十三句：

The twice-weekly newspaper, serving a town of a little over 10,000 people, may not previously have been widely read outside Buena Vista county, north-west Iowa, but Cullen‘s editorials – ―fuelled by tenacious reporting, impressive expertise and engaging writing that successfully challenged powerful

corporate agricultural interests in Iowa‖ – certainly caught the attention of the Pulitzer committee.

词汇突破：1.Editorial 社论；2.Tenacious 锲而不舍的；3.Impressive 令人印象深刻的；4.Expertise 专业才能；5.Engaging 动人的；6.Challenge 挑战；7.Corporate 企业的 确定主干：

并列句一：The twice-weekly newspaper may not previously have been widely read outside Buena Vista county, north-west Iowa

并列句二：Cullen‘s editorials certainly caught the attention of the Pulitzer committee

切分成分+独立成句：1. serving a town of a little over 10,000 people 定语 The twice-weekly newspaper serves a town of a little over 10,000 people 2. ―fuelled by tenacious reporting, impressive expertise and engaging writing that successfully challenged powerful corporate agricultural interests in Iowa‖ （定语，而且我知道独立成句啊！）

1 )Cullen‘s editorials was fuelled by tenacious reporting, impressive expertise and engaging writing（Cullen的社论 ―以锲而不舍的报道、惊人的专业和动人的行文为?燃料‘）

2) Cullen‘s editorials successfully challenged powerful corporate agricultural interests in Iowa（Cullen的社论成功地挑战了爱荷华州强大的农业利益集团） 参考译文：这份一周两期的报纸服务于一个人口略微多于一万的市镇，也许先前在布尤纳维斯塔郡（位于爱荷华州西北部）以外并没有广泛的读者，但Cullen的社论——―以锲而不舍的报道、惊人的专业和动人的行文为?燃料‘，成功地挑战了爱荷华州强大的农业利益集团‖——无疑得到了普利策评奖委员会的注意。

第六十四句：

In a suit filed Friday afternoon in Miami-Dade County circuit court, Airbnb claims the city of Miami is both violating the First Amendment rights of the hosts it is pursuing and flouting a state law that prohibits municipalities from enacting regulations post-2011 to further limit short-term rentals in private homes. 词汇突破：

1.File suit 提起诉讼；2.Violate 侵犯（权利）；3.First Amendment宪法第一修正案；4.Flout 无视；违反；5.Enact 颁布；6.Short-term rental 短租 确定主干：Airbnb claims the city of Miami is both violating the First Amendment rights and flouting a state law

Airbnb声称迈阿密市不仅侵犯了第一修正案权利，而且违反了一项州法律。 切分成分+独立成句：1. In a suit filed Friday afternoon in Miami-Dade County circuit court, 状语 Filed 后置定语修饰suit

在周五下午向迈阿密戴德郡巡回法庭提起的诉讼中 2. of the hosts it is pursuing 定语

3. that prohibits municipalities from enacting regulations post-2011 to further limit short-term rentals in private homes. 定语That=state law

The state law prohibits municipalities from enacting regulations post-2011 to further limit short-term rentals in private homes.这项法律阻止市政府在2011年后颁布进一步限制私人住宅短租的条例

参考译文：在周五下午向迈阿密戴德县巡回法庭提起的诉讼中，Airbnb声称迈阿密市不仅侵犯了其正在洽谈的房主的第一修正案权利，而且无视一项州立法。这项法律阻止市政府在2011年后颁布进一步限制私人住宅短租的条例。

第六十六句：

Investors have bet heavily on the success of Tesla‘s forthcoming Model 3, due to go into production this summer, which represents its first attempt at a

massmarket vehicle — even though GM has beaten it to market with a similar vehicle of its own, the Chevrolet Bolt. 词汇突破：

1.Bet heavily 下大赌注；2.Forthcoming 即将到来的；3.Represent 代表；4.Attempt 尝试；5.Massmarket 大众市场

确定主干：Investors have bet heavily on the success of Tesla‘s forthcoming Model 3

切分成分：1.due to go into production this summer 定语 2.which represents its first attempt at a massmarket vehicle 定语

3.even though GM has beaten it to market with a similar vehicle of its own, the Chevrolet Bolt.状语

参考译文：投资人在特斯拉这个夏天即将投产上市的Model 3（的成功）上下了大赌注。该车型是特斯拉首次针对大众市场的尝试，虽然通用汽车的类似车型雪佛兰Bolt在上市速度上打败了Model 3。（雪佛兰Bolt已经上市了。）

第六十七句：

词汇突破：1.Traumatize 创伤；2.Symptom症状；3.Psychiatric 心理的；4.Metabolic 代谢；5.Reverse 扭转；6.Engrave 铭刻；7.Epigenome 表观基因组；8.Dynamic 动态；9.Correction 纠正

第一句:There is hope that even for people who have been traumatized during childhood and have severe symptoms, psychiatric symptoms or other

metabolic symptoms or other problems with the body, these can be reversed at some point.

主干识别：There is hope that…

切分成分：1. these can be reversed at some point.同位语从句主干 2. for people who have been traumatized during childhood and have severe symptoms, psychiatric symptoms or other metabolic symptoms or other problems with the body

参考译文:甚至对于在儿童时期受到创伤且症状（心理、代谢或其它身体症状）严重的人们而言，他们的问题都有希望在某个时间点得以扭转。

第二句：So even if this is engraved in the epigenome, the biology is dynamic enough to allow correction.

确定主干：the biology is dynamic enough to allow correction. 切分成分：even if this is engraved in the epigenome

参考译文：所以即便（创伤）深深铭刻在表观基因组中，生物学也足够能动，允许修正。

第六十八句：

But universalism is expensive and should be reserved for when it is clear that providing two-tier, means-tested services would erode quality and levels of provision and create harmful social stigma. 词汇突破：

1.Universalism 普世主义；2.Reserved for 预留；3.Means-tested 经过考验的；4.Levels of provision 供应水平，这么可以翻译为普及水平；5.Erode 侵蚀；6.Social stigma 社会污点

确定主干：universalism is expensive and should be reserved for when 切分成分:(When) it is clear that providing two-tier, means-tested services would erode quality and levels of provision and create harmful social stigma. It是形式主语，真的主语是后面that 引导的从句；That引导的从句中主语是：providing two-tier, means-tested services

参考译文：普世主义―造价不菲‖，应预留给特殊的时刻——当提供经过考验的两级服务会明显侵蚀质量、影响普及水平、并造成恶劣的社会污点的时候。

第六十九句：Royal Bank of Scotland‘s gambit to sidestep having to sell its Williams & Glyn business is under threat as smaller lenders mount a challenge, arguing that it does not go far enough to address competition concerns.

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