英语动词的种类 - 图文

改编：马石新

动 词 的 种 类

◆提示：以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配，以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法。 ◆切记：有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此，我们要特别注意一词多义现象。 ◆ 动词的种类分类总表：(更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.) 情1 只作情态动词使用 can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 也可作实义动词 need/ dare 态2 可作情态动词，动3 可作情态动词，也可作助动词 shall/ should/ will/ would 词 4 勉强可作情态动词 have to/ had better/ used to 同时是实义和系动形式变化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being 1 be 请词 助你形式变化：does/ did 同时是实义动词 2 do 动参形式变化：has/ had/ having 同时是实义动词 3 have 词 考同时是情态动词 形式变化：should 4 shall 复同时是情态动词 形式变化：would 5 will 习状态系动以1 be 词 前表像系动发2 look / appear/ seem 词 特别说明： 放感官系动这里列举的所有系的系3 feel / smell/ sound/ taste 词 动词本身都是实义资动持续系动keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ 动词。但它们表示的料 词 4 意思不同。请注意结词 stay 合句意去理解判断。 变化系动5 become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run 词 终止系动6 prove/ turn out 词 第2本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动不及物动词（vi） 词。 有不少的动词既是页vi后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。 及物动词又是不及有物动词。区别在于它更1 及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。 所表示的含义有所多（vt） 不同。 vt后面可以直接跟宾语。 内容 静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。 实 如：be（“是”）、have（“有”）、own, exist, live, A. 表示存在、从属意义的动词。 belong to 义 B. 与五官感觉有关的如：hear, see, feel, taste, smell…及watch, notice, observe, 静动词 find, catch 动 态believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; 动C. 表示心理状态或情感状态的动think; find; forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; 词 like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; 2 词 词 understand; want; wish…… D. 接度量衡名词的动词 (+数词+weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, 单位) (这些动词的主语通常是measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat… 物) 动动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。 态A延续性动词：表示行为或过程能eat， listen， read， run， walk，第3页动有更多work，write…… 持久地继续下去或能产生持久

英语动词的种类 第1页 （共4页）

改编：马石新

词 的影响。 B终止性动词：表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬时间完成结束。 相关内arrive; begin; break; bring; buy; catch; 容. close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; jump…… C表示状态改变或位置转移的arrive，change，come，die，go，land（着陆），leave… 动词. A.表示“使、令、让、叫…”等意义的动词. 如: make, have, let, get, 第4页有使役keep… 更多相关3 动词 B.表示“使人……，令人……”的心理状态的动词。如： 内容. interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise……(+ sb.) 表示动作的动词 ①put on / wear/ be on; ②look at/ see; ③look for/ find; 请大家注listen to/ hear;⑤study/learn; ⑥try to do/ manage to do 4 表示状态的动词 ④意积累. prepare for/ be prepared for, ⑧advise/ persuade 等。 表示结果的动词 ⑦在句子中作谓语的动注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。 A谓语动词 词。 在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。 变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。 形式变化：to have done/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to BA不定式 to do do 非5 谓doin形式变化：not doing B动名词 今后有g 语C现在分doin形式变化：having done/ having been done/ not doing 专题复动g 词 not having done/ not having been done 习有关词 D过去分don内容. 形式变化：not done e 词 ◆相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分（重点内容） (不及物动词):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; vi用法（1） float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; 主语+ vi sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, (+状语) run, retire, fly, jump, stand….. (不及物动词短语): show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die 及out, give out, run up, ……. 物fail + in live +in/on 动aim + at succeed +in doing belong + to sb 词look +at fall +off/ onto come + to sb stare +at 与struggle + for/ against go + to stay +at 不vote +for/ against happen +to sb glance + at care + for/about 及vi用法lie + to/in （2） laugh + at apologize + to sb for doing listen + to 物 contact +with sb argue + about sth with sb object +to 主语+vi+deal + with 动die +in/ from/ of/ occur +to 介词+宾disagree + with 词 talk +about sth/ to sb refer +to end + in/up with 语 think +of/ about/ over relate +to wait +for compete + in sth with sb reply +to depend + on agree + to/ with / on return +to operate +on work +on/ at/ in/for stick +to sth rely + on arrive + in/ at graduate + from insist + on doing (要熟记它们的搭配。) suffer +from arrive in/at belong to sb lie in + vtlisten to sb get to own sth be situated in + 与sound like sth reach possess sth be located in + vihear sb talk work for sb reply to 近contact with sb touch sb tell serve sb answer 义appear rise / go up / increase sit look at 词show sth to sb raise seat sb see/ watch

英语动词的种类 第2页 （共4页）

改编：马石新

对比 感官动词 succeed in doing break in go out look for manage sth/ to do break into turn off find give in agree with sb give up promise sb A既可以用作及物如: begin \开始\。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our 又可以用作不及game. 物的动词，其意类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.... 义不变。 如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的\消散\。we saw the mountain when the B既可以用clouds lifted. 作及物作及物动词时是\升高；举起\。He lifted his glass and drank. 又可以类似的还有：beat vi.(心脏)跳动/vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长/ vt. 种植 （牌、球）演奏 smell vi. 发出（气味）/ vt. 嗅 用作不play vi.玩耍/ vt. 打及物的ring vi.（电话、铃）响/ vt.打电话 speak vi. 讲话/ vt. 说（语动词，其言） 意义完hang vi. 悬挂 / vt. 绞死 operate vi. 动手术/ vt. 操全不同。 作 run vi. 跑步; 褪色 vt. 经营 C 有的及物动词加上介词后，表示的意思不同。如：allow 允许 allow for 考虑到…… ◆ 感官动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to的用法归纳总结: (感官动词+ sb. do/ doing // sth done)。 1．后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作 When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win. 2．后接V-ing形式表示正在进行的动作。 Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast. 3．后接V-ed形式表示被动意义。 After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed. Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 试比较（注意理解）: １）I heard him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。 ２）I heard him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。 ３）I heard a song sung. 我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。）

延续性动词与终止性动词的注: “→”左边的是终止性动词(瞬间动词); “→”右边的是延续性动词 更多的终止性动词(瞬间动词): borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize. borrow→keep buy→have become→be put on→ wear move to→live in recognize→know catch a cold→have a cold get to know→know open sth→keep sth open leave→be away from begin/start→be on die→ be dead finish→be over return→be back join→be in + 组织机构 / →be a member of + 组织机构 come here→be here go there→be there come back→be back fall asleep→be asleep get to/arrive/reach→be (in) go (get) out →be out fall ill→be ill get up→be up ◆ 在有表示时间的场合，要注意根据句子或上下文提供的时间关系判断句子中的动词该使用延续性动词还是终止性动词。

英语动词的种类 第3页 （共4页）

改编：马石新

对比 1. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。但: come/ begin/ get + to + 延续性动词可表示一瞬间的动作。(“点时间”指具体某一时间点;“段时间”指某一时间内.) It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误) 因为rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示\点时间\，前后矛盾。 It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正) ----When did you get to know Jack? ----Two years ago. ----Then you've known each other for more than two years. ----That's right. 2. 终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间When we reached London, it was twelve 状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的o'clock. (reach为终止性动词; when不可用时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是while替换.) “点时间”(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，Please look after my daughter while/when we 也可以是“段时间”(从句谓语动词用延续are away. (be away为延续性动词短语) 性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的 时间或过程，从句谓语动词一般只能用I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 延续性动词。 He has joined the League. 他已经入团。 →He has been a League member for three years. →He has been in the League for three years. 3. 终止性动词的完成时态，表示动作的完 成并产生了影响与结果。但一般不能与The old man died 4 years ago. 表示延续的时间段短语“for…”或→The old man has been dead for 4 years. “since…”以及“How long …”连用，终止→It is 4 years since the old man died. →Four years has passed since the old man 性动词否定式除外。 died. I bought the book 5 days ago. →I have had the book for 5 days. 注意比较理解: 4.注意句型(1): “It is ＋一段时间＋since从句(+ 终止性I have been at school since I have been ill. 我生病以来一直在学校里。 动词的过去时)” I have been at school since I was ill. “一段时间＋has passed＋since从句( + 我病愈以来一直在学校里。 终止性动词的过去时)”: It′s 4 years since Mr Li smoked. 句子的含义是: “自从…起, 有……(多长李先生戒烟已有四年了 的时间)”。 It is four months since my elder sister went to 如果在since从句中的谓语动词是延续Britain.我姐姐去英国已有四个月了。 性动词的现在完成时，那么与其一般过More than three years has passed since Mary 去时的含义就完全相反了。 came to China. 玛丽来中国已有三年多了 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。 I won’t leave till my parents come back. 我将5. 注意句型(2): “not + 终止性动词 + until/till ...” 意为呆在家里直到我父母回来。言外之意是，我父母不回来，我就一直呆在家里，我父母回来后“直到……才……”。 我就离开家。 “延续性动词 + until /till…” I didn’t receive the notice until last evening. 直到昨天晚上我才收到通知。言外之意是，昨表示：“…一直延续到….” 天晚上前我一直没有接到通知。 We worked until 11:00 yesterday evening. 我们昨天晚上一直工作到11点。 高

1. make make sb. do sth 使/让/逼某人做某事; (被动形式)→sb. be made to do 英语动词的种类 第4页 （共4页）

改编：马石新

考中常见使役动词的用法与搭配 2. have 3. let 4. keep 5. get 6. leave 7. cause 8. lead 9. force 10. drive 11. oblige 12. send 13. set 14. place 15. put 16. bring

make sth done 使/让某事得以…… make sb. adj 使某人处于…的状态 make sb sth 使/让某人成为… She will make a good wife. 她会成为一个好妻子。 make oneself done 使某人的…为他人所… (make oneself heard/ understood) have sb do sth 使/让/请某人做某事. have sb doing. 使/让某人一直做某事 have sth done 请/让某人做某事; 招致或遭遇到(不好的事情) have sb adj. 使/让/某人处于…的状态 It had the salesmen busy around. let sb do sth 让/允许某人做某事 let sb+介词短语 让某人处于…的状态 keep sb doing sth 使/让某人一直做某事 keep sb/sth +介词短语. 让某人或某物处于…的状态 get sb to do sth 请/让某人做某事 Would you please get them to bring down the price? get sth done. 请/让某人做某事 I’ll get my hair cut. get sb doing. 请/让某人一直做某事 The joke got us laughing. leave sb (to) do sth 让某人做/干某事 We’ll leave them(to) run the shop. leave sb doing sth 让某人继续处于某种状态 Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. leave sth done 让某事保持…的状态 The workers left the rest of the work untouched.工人们对余下的工作动都没有动一下。 cause sb to do sth 使得/促使/引起某人做某事 What caused him to quit his job? 是什么原因使他辞职的? lead sb to do sth. 使得/引导某人做某事 What led you to think so? lead sb in doing sth 领导某人/带领某人干某事. The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up. force sb to do sth 迫使/ 强迫某人做某事 The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms. 警察迫使罪犯放下武器 drive sb+adj 使/逼迫某人变成…的状态 The loud noise have driven us mad. drive sb to do sth 迫使/逼迫某人做某事 He drove her to admit it. 他逼迫她承认。 drive sb+介词短语 迫使/逼迫某人进入…的境地 The men drove the young man to the wall. 这几个人把这青年人逼得走投无路. oblige sb to do sth 使某人(按法律、条约、合约等要求)而必须做某事。 The scandal obliged the minister to resign. 这一丑闻迫使部长辞职。 send sb doing sth 使某人进入(特定状态); (迫)使某人处于…的状态 The slightest touch will send us floating away from in the opposite direction in space. send sb+介词短语 (迫)使某人进入…的状态The failure sent him into discouragement. send sb to do sth 派某人干某事 set sb to do sth 使某人开始或着手做某事 set sb doing sth 使某人开始或着手做某事 They set him to mow the lawn. 他们叫他给草坪刈草. Her words set me thinking. 她的话使我深思。 set + sb./ sth + adj 使…处于(…的状态) She set the caged bird free. place sb in/into… 使某人处于……地位/位置 The victory in the contest placed our team in a favorable position. put sb in/into 使某人处于……地位/位置 (用法同place.) bring sb/sth+介词短语 使某人或某物处于…的状态 bring sb. back to life. 使某人起死回生 bring …under control. 使…处于控英语动词的种类 第5页 （共4页）

改编：马石新

制之下 The joke brought the class into laughter. 17. land land sb in… 使某人在……(地方)着陆 I’ll land you safe in Liverpool. cost sb sth. 使人遭到……损失；使人赔了……本 18. cost The failure in the contest cost us the first place held for 10 years. 这次比赛失败使我们丢失了保持已10年之久的冠军宝座。 19.具有使役意义, 表示“使人……，令人……”的心理状态的动词。如： interest sb in…(使某人对…感兴趣) excite sb (使某人激动)…astonish sb…(使某人震惊) move, amuse, surprise, terrify, convince, inspire, encourage, satisfy, delight, please, frighten, surprise, amaze, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, tire, terrify… ◆上述V-ed/ V-ing的用法区别: 如: The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it. Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.

英语动词的种类 第6页 （共4页）

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