外研版八年级英语下册Module 3教案

Module 3 Journey to space

一、学习目标:

A. 单词和短语：

earth, moon, news, planet, reach, yet, just, model, spaceship, project, no problem, latest, on, discover, astronaut, space travel, none, environment, that, solar, system, solar system, group, galaxy, universe, light, impossible, take-took-taken, out, communicate

B. 交际用语：

1. What are you up to?

2. Sure, no problem.

3. I’ve just made a model spaceship for our school project.

4. I haven’t started yet because I’m not sure how to make it.

5. I haven’t started it yet.

6. Have you heard the latest news?

7. Has it arrived yet?

8. That’s why it’s on the news.

9. Astronauts have already been to the moon.

10. —Have we sent a spaceship to Mars?

—Yes, we have. But…

11. The spaceship has gone to Mars.

12. However, we have not found life on other plants yet.

二、教学目标

1. Function: Talking about recent events.

2. Structure: Present perfect with already, just and yet.

3. Skills:

1) Listening for specific information.

2) Talking about space travel; participating in a role-play.

3) Reading and finding out information from simple texts and choosing the best title.

4) Writing a passage to describe the picture.

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4. Around the world: Names of the days of the week.

5. Task: Making a poster about space travel.

三、重点及难点:

1. Structure: Present perfect with already, just and yet.

2. To understand the difference between have been to and have gone to.

四、教学设计:

Unit 1 Has it arrived yet?

ⅠTeaching model

Listening and speaking

ⅡTeaching method

PWP approach

ⅢTeaching aims

1. To understand Present perfect with already, just and yet.

2. To understand the conversation about the space mission to Mars.

3. To understand the difference between have been to and have gone to.

ⅣTeaching Objectives

1. Key vocabulary: earth, moon, news, planet, reach, yet, just, model, spaceship,

project, no problem, latest, on, discover, astronaut, space travel 2. Key structures: Present perfect with already, just and yet.

ⅤTeaching aids

Tape recorder, OHP, video

ⅥTeaching Steps

Step 1 Warming up

1. Enjoy news report and watch a video.

2. Show some pictures to introduce the new words.

3. Learn the new words.

4. Read the new words.

Step 2 Listen and number the words as you hear them.

1. Ask the students to read the words in Activity 1.

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2. Play the recording.

3. Listen and number the words as you hear them.

4. Ask the students to check their answer with a partner.

5. Call back the answer from the whole class and check the answer.

Step 3 Listen again and complete the notes.

1. Ask the students to read the notes in Activity

2.

news about the trip to (1) ____________

journey of (2) __________ months

has not sent back any (3) ___________ yet

hope to find (4) ____________ on Mars

2. Listen again and complete the notes.

3. Ask the students to check their answer with a partner.

4. Call back the answer from the whole class and check the answer.

keys: Mars eight messages life

Step 4 Listen and read.

1. Show some pictures, and ask the students to talk about them.

2. Ask the students to read the conversation silently.

3. Play the recording and ask the students to listen and read the conversation.

4. Read the conversation.

5. Act it out.

6. Learn “Everyday English”

1) What are you up to?

2) Sure, no problem.

Step 5 Now answer the questions.

1. Ask the students to read through the questions in Activity3.

1) What school project have Daming and Tony got?

2) How does Daming feel about the school project?

3) What news has Tony heard?

4) Has anyone been to Mars? Why?

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2. Ask the students to read through the conversation in Activity 3 again.

3. Answer the questions.

4. Check with a partner.

5. Call back the answers from the whole class.

Keys:

1）They have got a project on spaceships.

2）He’s not sure how to make the model.

3）The spaceship to Mars has reached there.

4）No one has been to Mars yet, because Mars is very far away, much farther than the moon.

Step 6 Complete the passage in Activity 4.

1. Ask the students to read the words in the box in Activity 4.

2. Ask the students to read through the passage in Activity 4.

On today’s news, Tony has heard that scientists have (1) _________ a spaceship to Mars and it has (2) ________ on the (3) _________ after a journey of several months from the earth. Scientists have not (4) _________ life on Mars (5) ________. And no astronaut has ever been to Mars because it is very far away.

3. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.

4. Check with a partner.

5. Call back the answers from the whole class.

Keys: 1. sent 2. arrived 3. planet 4. discovered 5. yet

6. Read the passage together.

Step 7 Language points.

1. What are you up to? 你在做什么呢？

up to 表示“正在干，从事着”。常用在非正式场合中。

e.g. What were you up to yesterday? You didn’t answer my phone.你昨天在干什么？你没有接我的电话。

2. I’ve just made this model of the spac e station.

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这是我刚做的空间站的模型。

just 常用在现在完成时的肯定句中，常放在助动词have/has 的后面。

e.g. We’ve just seen/watched the film.我们刚刚看了这部电影。

3. I haven’t started it yet. 我还没有开始做呢。

yet 表示“还（末）”，常用在现在完成时的否定句中，通常放在句末。

e.g. We haven’t finished our homework yet.我们还没完成作业。

4. Have you heard the latest news? 你听说过这个最新消息吗？

latest adj. 最近的；最新的

e.g. The news is all about the latest meeting. 这条消息是关于最近的会议的。

5. That’s why it’s on the news. 这就是它为什么出现在新闻里的原因。

That’s why… 这就是为什么……

e.g. That’s why they didn’t like the music.这就是为什么他们不喜欢这个音乐。on prep. 在(播放)中；关于……

e.g. What’s on the TV? 电视正在播放什么节目？

6. So have they discovered life on Mars? 所以他们在火星上发现生命了吗？discover v.发现；找到

e.g. The fact is that he did not discover it. 事实是他没有发现它。

7. Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。

already 表示“已经”，常放在have/ has 之后，通常用于肯定句中。

e.g. Jack has already finished his homework.杰克已将完成他的作业了。

have/ has been to 表示曾经去过某地，但现在已经回到他的生活所在地。

e.g. They’ve already been to Suzhou twice. 他们已经去过苏州两次了。

语法小结：just 用来表示“刚刚”，already 用来表示“已经”，一般置于have/has 之后，两者都用于肯定句；yet 用在否定句和疑问句，表示“还未”。

have been to 表示“去过某地”，但现在已经回来了；

have gone to 表示“去了某地”，现在不在这里（说话人所在地）

Step 8Pronunciation and speaking

1. Play the recording once without stopping.

2. Play the recording again and ask the whole class to repeat.

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1) I’ve just made a model spaceship for our school project.

2) I haven’t started yet because I’m not sure how to make it.

3) Has it arrived yet?

4) Astronauts have already been to the moon.

3. Ask the students to listen and underline the words the speaker stresses.

4. Now listen again and repeat.

Step 9 Work in pairs.

1. Make lists of what we have and have not done in space travel.

We have We have not…

_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ ______________________________ Key:

We have

A dog has travelled in space.

Men have travelled to the moon.

Spaceships have taken photographs on Mars.

We have not

We have not built houses in space.

Astronauts have not been to Mercury.

Scientists have not visited Venus.

2. Talk about space travel with the lists in Activity 6.

—Have we sent a spaceship to Mars?

—Yes, we have. But…

3. Work in pairs.

Step 10 Exercises

完成句子:

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1. 我们已经到达上海。

We __________________ Shanghai.

2. 他刚刚做完这个模型。

He ____________ this model.

3. 这个女孩在干什么？

What _____ this girl ____________?

4. —你曾经去过香港吗？—是的。

—_____ you ___________ Hong Kong?

—Yes, I _____.

5. 他们听说过这个最近的新闻吗？

Have they ___________________?

Keys: 1. have already reached 2. has just made 3. is, up to

4. Have, ever been to, have

5. heard this latest news

Unit 2 We have not found life on any other planets yet.

ⅠTeaching model

Reading and writing.

ⅡTeaching method

Top-down approach

ⅢTeaching aims

1. Listen for specific information.

2. Talk about space travel; participating in a role-play.

3. Read and find out information from simple texts and choose the best title.

4. Write a passage to describe the picture.

ⅣTeaching Objectives

Key vocabulary: none, environment, that, solar, system, solar system, group, galaxy, universe, light, impossible, take-took-taken, out, communicate

ⅤTeaching aids

Recorder, OHP, video

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ⅥTeaching Steps

Step 1 Warming-up

1. Show some pictures to review the text of Unit 1.

2. Show some pictures.

3. Talk about the pictures.

4. Introduce the new words.

5. Read the words after the teacher.

Step 2 Work in pairs.

1. Enjoy News Report.

2. Show some pictures to talk about something about Shenzhou-9

3. Ask the students to look at the picture in Activity 1.

4. Work in pairs.

Shenzhou-9 is a manned spaceship.

Step 3 Reading

1. Play the recording and listen to the tape carefully.

2. Ask the students to read through the passage.

3. Choose the best title for it.

1) Anyone out there?

2) Life on the earth

3) The sun and other stars

4) The stars at night

4. Check with a partner.

5. Call back the answers from the whole class.

6. Read the text together.

Step 4 Check (√ ) the true sentences.

1. Ask the students to read the sentences in Activity 3.

1) The earth is a star.

2 )The sun is a star.

3 )There is more than one galaxy in the universe.

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4 )The light from the stars in other galaxies has travelled for a long time to reach us.

5 )Scientists have received many messages from space.

6 )Spaceships have visited most of the universe.

2. Read the passage again.

3. Check (√ ) the true sentences.

4. Check with a partner.

5. Call back the answers from the whole class.

Keys: 1. ×2. √ 3. √ 4. √ 5. × 6. ×

Step 5 Complete the passage.

1. Ask the students to read the words in the box in Activity 4.

2. Ask the students to read through the passage in Activity 4.

Is there life on other planets? There are seven other planets in our (1) ___________, but (2) ___________ of them has a(n) (3) ___________ like that of the earth. Spaceships from the earth have done surveys of the other planets, but they have not found ant life there. Why has no one from other planets tried to (4) ____________ with us? It is true that scientists have not discovered life on other planets in the (5) ____________ yet, but some scientists believe that they will find it some day.

3. Complete the passage with the words and expression in the box.

4. Check with a partner.

5. Call back the answers from the whole class.

Keys: 1. solar system 2. none 3. environment 4. communicate 5. universe

6. Read the passage together.

Step 6 Language points

1. Scientists think that there has been life on Earth for hundreds of millions of years. 科学家认为地球上的生命已经有亿万年了。

millions of数百万，hundreds of 数百，thousands of 成千上万，billions of 数十亿e.g. There are billions of stars in the Galaxy, and our sun is only one of them.

银河系中有数十亿颗恒星，我们的太阳只是其中的一个。

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2. However, we have not found life on any other planets yet.

然而，我们还没有在任何其他行星上发现生命。

yet用于否定句和疑问句，意思是“还，尚”。not…yet的意思是“还没，尚未”，表示某事物在某一时间尚未发生，但未来也许会发生。例如：

I haven’t learnt an y farther information yet. 我还没有得到进一步的信息。

Have you received her letter yet? 你收到她的来信了吗？

3. The Earth is a planet and it goes around the Sun. Seven other planets also go around the sun. 地球是颗行星，它围绕着太阳转。还有其他七颗行星也围绕着太阳转。

太阳系的其他七颗行星：水星(Mercury)、金星(Venus)、火星(Mars)、木星(Jupiter)、土星(Saturn)、天王星(Uranus)、海王星(Neptune)。

4. None of them has an environment like that of the earth, so scientists do not think they will find life on them.

他们中没有一个有像地球这样的环境，因此科学家认为在他们上面找不到生命。none of … 表示（三个以上）一个也没有。作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。如：None of us has / have been to the Mars. 我们中没一个去过火星。

5. … our solar system is a small part of a much larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy or the Milky Way.

……我们的太阳系只是一个由恒星和行星组成的星系的一小部分，这个星系比太阳系大得多，称作银河系或银河。

这里的the Galaxy专指“银河系”，也可以称作the Milky Way。而galaxy则泛指“星系”。例如：

Scientists have discovered a distant galaxy. 科学家们发现了一个遥远的星系。

6. So how large is the universe? It’s impossible to imagine.

所以宇宙有多大？我们无从想象。

句型: It is +形容词+ to +动词原形，意思是“做某事很……”

It is difficult to read these words. 读这些单词很难。

7. With so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space? 宇宙中有这么多恒星，我们是孤独的吗？抑或太空中还有其他生命存在呢？

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with + 名词+ 介词短语，表示伴随情况，意思是“带着……”。例如：

Mr. Zhang is coming with a book in his hands.

张老师手里带着一书进来了。

alone 在句中作形容词，不作定语只作表语，也可作副词。意思是“独自地”。例如：

She was alone in that dark room. 她独自一人呆在那黑屋子里。

Step 7 Look and answer the questions.

1. Look at the picture from a science story for children in Activity 5.

2. Read through the example sentences.

What have the scientists just received? (a message from one of our spaceships)

They have just received a message from one of our spaceships.

3. Ask the students to answer the questions.

1) Where has the spaceship landed? (Mars)

2) What has the spaceship discovered? (people on Mars)

3) Why have the people on Mars not sent us a message? (do not know how to)

4) Why have the people on Mars not visited us on the earth? (do not know how to)

4. Check with a partner.

5. Call back the answers from the whole class.

Keys:

1. It has landed on Mars.

2. It has discovered people on Mars.

3. They do not know how to send us a message.

4. They do not know how to visit us on the earth.

Step 8 Writing.

Write a passage to describe the picture. Use your answers to the questions in Activity 5 to help you.

We have just received a message from our spaceship to Mars…

Step 9 Do exercises:

中考链接：

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( )1. —Where’s Mr Green?

— He _____ to Changsha. (2013湖南湘西)

A. have been

B. has gone

C. has been

( )2. — Is Tom at home?

— No, he______ to town. (2013天津)

A. has been

B. has gone

C. goes

D. will go

( )3. Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?(2015广州)

A. finish

B. finishing

C. are finished

D. have finished

( )4. A number of tourists ______ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city. (2013扬州)

A. have been to

B. has been to

C. has gone to

D. have gone to Keys: 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A

Unit 3 Language in use

ⅠTeaching model

Revision and application

ⅡTeaching method

Formal and interactive practice

ⅢTeaching aims

1. Function: Talking about recent events.

2. Structure: Present perfect with already, just and yet.

2. Around the world: Names of the days of the week.

4. Task: Making a poster about space travel.

ⅣTeaching aids

Tape recorder, OHP, handouts

ⅤTeaching Steps

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Step 1 Revision

Show some pictures to review the text of Unit 1 and Unit 2

Step 2 Language practice

1. Read through the example sentences in the box with the whole class.

2. Ask the students to repeat the sentences in the box.

Step 3 Language Points: already, just and yet.

1. Grammar: 在现在完成时的句子中，already(已经)、just(已刚刚)常用于肯定句，放在have和has的后面，yet(还、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和疑问句，（放在have 和has的后面也可放在句末）。

2. Complete the news with already, just and yet.

Spaceship on Mars !

Astronauts have (1) _____________ been to the moon but they have not been to any other planets. However, a spaceship (2) _____________ arrived on Mars and it has (3) _____________ sent back photos of the red planet. Is there life on Mars? We do not know (4) ______________.

3. Ask the students to check with a partner.

4. Check the answers:

Keys: 1. already 2. just 3. already 4. yet

Step 4 Look at these sentences.

1. Grammar: have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别

have/has been to表示某人“去过某地，现在已经回来了”。have/has gone to表示某人“去某地了”，这个人已经不在这里了。

2 Ask the students to look at these sentences in Activity 2.

1) The spaceship has gone to Mars.

It has gone there, but it has not come back yet.

2) Astronauts have been to the moon.

They went there and then they came back.

3. Now choose the correct answer.

1) Astronauts have been / gone to the moon and returned.

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2) The spaceship has been / gone into space. It will travel for ten days.

3) The astronaut has been / gone to the space station. He will come back tomorrow.

4) The spaceship has been ./ gone to the space station. It brought back two astronauts.

4. Ask the students to check with a partner.

5. Check the answers:

Keys: 1. have been 2. has gone 3. has gone 4. has been

Step 5 Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.

1. Ask the students to read through the expressions in the box in Activity 3.

2. Ask the students to read through the sentences in Activity

3.

1) A spaceship ____________ to Mars. It is coming back to the earth next year.

2) Lots of astronauts ___________ to the space station. They found it very interesting.

3) Some astronauts ____________ to the moon twice.

4) Two British astronauts ____________ to the space station. They will come back in January.

3. Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.

4. Check with a partner.

5. Call back the answers from the whole class.

Keys: 1. has gone 2. have been 3. have been 4. have gone

Step 6 Grammar: 现在完成时(2)

当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如：

I have just heard the news.我刚听到消息。

Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员已经去过月球了。

He has just started to explore other planets.他才刚刚开始探索其他行星。

可以看出，just 用来表示“刚刚”，already 用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have / has 之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”，有“以后可以会”的含义。

例如：

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The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。

Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。

另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：I have just been to London. I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。

I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。

在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：

A: Where have you put my book? I can’t find it.你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。

B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。

该对话中，当A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：

A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗？

B: Sorry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。

对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。Step 7 Complete the conversation.

1. Ask the students to read through the conversation.

Nicky: I’ve just (1) ____________ ( watch ) a great TV programme about space. Did you know that scientists have (2) _____________( discover ) water on Mars ?

Bill: Yes, I did. And scientists (3) ____________ ( try ) to find life on Mars now. Nicky: Yes, they’re looking for life but they (4) ____________( not find ) anything yet. Bill: There were some new photos of Mars in the newspaper today. (5) ___________ you ___________( see ) them yet ?

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Nicky: Yes. They’re amazing!

2. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

3. Ask the students to check with a partner.

4. Check the answers:

Keys: 1. watched 2. discovered 3. are trying 4. haven’t find 5. Have；seen

5. Read the conversation together.

6. Work in pairs. Role –play the conversation in Activity 4.

Step 8 Complete the email with the words in the box.

1. Ask the students to read the words in the box in Activity 6.

2. Ask the students to read through the email in Activity 6.

FROM: Liu Dan

TO: Li Fang

SUBJECT: I’ve found a great book.

Dear Li Fang,

I’ve (1) _____________ finished reading a great book at school. I haven’t (2) ___________ anything as good as that for a long time ! It’s a story about the solar system. In the book, the writer imagines that astronauts have (3) _______________ to Mars. I’ve (4) ______________ thought about that before and I think it’s very interesting.

I haven’t (5) ______________ anyone famous in my life but I hope one day I can meet an astronaut. I’ve (6) _____________ to a Chinese astronaut for more information about space and his experience of space travel. I hope he will write back. He hasn’t (7) _____________. Maybe he is too busy. I’m still waiting.

Best wishes,

Liu Dan

3. Complete the passage with the words in the box.

4. Check with a partner.

5. Call back the answers from the whole class.

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Keys: 1. just 2. read 3. been 4. never 5. met 6. written 7. yet

6. Read the email together.

Step 9 Listening practice.

1. Ask the students to read through the notes in Activity 7.

1) The astronaut joined CNSA __________ years ago.

2) He has flown in a spaceship ___________ times.

3) He felt ___________ when he was in the spaceship.

4) He has been to the space station __________.

5) The earth was blue and very _________ when he saw it from the space station.

6) He decided to be an astronaut because he has always been _________ in space.

2. Play the tape.

3. Listen and complete the notes.

4. Ask the students to check with a partner.

5. Check the answers:

Keys: 1. six 2. two 3. excited 4. twice 5. beautiful 6. interested

Step 10 Complete the word map with the words and expressions in the box. 1. Ask the students to read through the words and expressions in Activity 8.

2. Complete the word map with the words and expressions in the box.

3. Ask the students to check with a partner.

4. Check the answers:

5. Now add more words about space to the word map and write five sentences. Keys: We’ve just read a story about a space station near the sun.

Astronauts haven’t been to the sun, because it’s too hot.

Spaceships are travelling in our solar system at the moment.

I am interested in space and the stars and plants in our galaxy.

I think scientists will send astronauts to Mars one day.

Step 11 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.

1. Ask the students to read the words in the box in Activity 9.

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2. Ask the students to read through the passage in Activity 9.

In July 1969 Neil Armstrong became the first (1) __________ to walk on the (2) ___________. People all around the world watched their televisions and waited for the (3) ___________ to (4) ___________ the earth. We have now (5) __________ a lot more about our solar system, and we have sent (6) __________ to Mars, but no one has walked on that planet (7) ___________. But I believe one day someone will!

3. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.

Keys: 1. astronaut 2. moon 3. news 4. reach 5. discovered 6. spaceships

7. yet

4. Check with a partner.

5. Call back the answers from the whole class.

6. Read the passage together.

Step 12 Around the world: Names of the days of the week

1. Ask the students to look at the picture and discuss what they can see.

2. Read through the information with the whole class.

3. Talk something about “Names of the days of the week”.

Many European languages use the names of the heavenly bodies for the days of the week. For example, in English, Saturday is named after the planet Saturn, the sixth planet from the sun. Sunday is the day of the sun, a traditional day of rest. Monday gets its name from the moon and is the day of the moon.

英语星期的表达来历:

Sunday（星期日）：这是一周中的第一天。太阳（sun）在北欧人的心目中是极其神圣的。为了表示对太阳的敬仰，人们把每周的第一天命名为Sunday。Monday（星期一）：这是一周中的第二天。为了表达对月亮（moon）的敬仰，人们把这一天称作moon day，后来演变为Monday。

Tuesday（星晴二）：这是一周中的第三天。北欧神话里有一个战神叫做Tyr，他机智勇敢，守护人类的平安。为了纪念他，英语中就以他的名字命名为星期二。Wednesday（星期三）：是以北欧神话中的主神Woden的名字命名的。Woden是

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北欧神话中掌管文化、艺术、战争等的最高神。

Thursday（星期四）：是以北欧神话中的雷神Thor的名字命名的。Thor是北欧神话中最强大、最勇敢的神，是雷电之神。

Friday（星期五）：是以爱神的名字命名的。北欧神话中的爱神、婚姻女神叫做Frigga，相当于罗马神话中的“维纳斯”。

Saturday（星期六）：这是一周中的第七天。它是以罗马的农神Saturn的名字命名的。因此是“农神日”，是唯一保留罗马名称的一天。

Step 13 Module task: Making a poster about space travel.

1. Work in groups. Choose a subject, for example, the first moon landing or China’s manned space travels. Look for some photos and information about it.

Step 14 Homework

1. Write captions for the photos and use the information you found in Activity 10 to write a description of each one.

2. Give your poster a title. Put it up for your classmates to see.

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