英语常用文体写作

英语常用文体写作

编者曾经对1996-2006年的10年的四、六级作文进行分析，发现出现频率最高的2种文体是议论文和运用文，特别是最近几年，四、六级作文题目考运用文的比例越来越高，特别是从2001年开始，基本上每年都考过运用文。而之前考议论文的比例较大。从考试委员会这种出题的思路来看，试题已经侧重于考考生的运用能力。作文的内容不追求难度，而是追求广度，就是考一些我们日常生活中间常见的一些事情。以后作文出题的思路应该是综合性的运用文体较多，希望考生多加训练这方面的作文。下面，编者就作文文体出现频率的多少分别介绍各种文体的写作方法。

Ⅰ. 议论文的总体介绍：

议论文是通过摆事实，讲道理的方法来阐明自己的观点或者表明自己立场的文体，是常用的文体之一。议论文的目的是以理服人，用无可争论辩的论据或者论证使别人相信某种观点或者主张是正确的或者错误的。近几年四、六级考试越来越注重挖掘考生的思想内涵，测验考生的思考能力，要求考生表达个人观点的作文命题出现的越来越多，因此考生应该好好掌握这种文体。

1. 议论文的基本框架

论点 —— 论据 —— 自己的观点（论证）

一般而言，完整的议论文有论点，论据，和论证三大要素，因此议论文通常有提出问题，分析问题和解决问题三个部分，通常被称为三段式作文。

议论文的论点必须正确。论据是为说明论点服务的，既要可靠又要充分，事实胜于雄辩，是最好的论据。论据也可以是人们公认的真理，经过实践考验的哲理。论证的方法多种多样，常用的方法有：

1）. 归纳法

从分析典型，即分析个别事物入手，找出事物的共同特点，然后得出结论。

2）. 推理法

从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析，而后得出结论。

3）. 对照法

对所有事实、方面进行对照，然后加以分析，得出结论。

4）.驳论法

先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，最后阐明自己的观点。

2. 议论文的特点

议论文的结构一般有引子、正文和结论句三部分。一般在引子部分提出论点，即文章的主题，在正文部分摆出有利的事实，对论点进行严密的论证，最后根据前面的论证得出结论。

3. 议论文的写法

要写好议论文，必须注意以下几点：

1）.确定论点。

论点通常在文章的第一段提出。

2）.要有足够的论据，可以列举生活的实例。

3）.论证要有严密的逻辑性。

所有事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论连接起来。

4）.层次要清楚。

5）.态度诚恳、友好，因为议论文重在说理，以理服人。

议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件，或是议论的补充；议论文中的叙述和描写应是为论点提供依据的因此，叙述应该是概括的，描写应该是简要的。

6）.论据要充分

欲证明自己的观点必须有充分的证据。作者可以列举事实、展示数据、提供事例、借助常识或利用亲身经历。

Ⅱ. 议论文的种类及模式：

1. 对立观点的议论文结构及模式：

模式1： 引出话题（第一段）—— 一种观点认为…,另外一种观点认为…(第二段) —— 我自己的观点（第三段）

模式2：引出话题，一种观点认为…（第一段）—— 另外一种观点认为…（第二段）—— 我自己的观点（第三段）

对比式议论文的具体模式（三段式）：

第一段: some people hold the opinion that (A) is superior to (B) in

many ways. Others, however, argue that (B) is much better. Personally, I would prefer (A) because I think (a) has more

advantages.

第二段: there are many reasons why I prefer (A). The main reason

is that , Another reason is that … (叙述赞同的原因)

第三段: From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw

the conclusion that (A) is much better than (B)

2. 对立观点议论文文写作要领：

考生在阐述两种不同的观点的时候，一定要有自己的观点倾向。对自己赞同的观点可以少花点笔墨，以便在最后一段表达观点的时候有话可以说。考生在最后一段发表自己观点的时候可能在内容上会同前面的某一种观点相重复。这里要注意了，不要原封不动的重复，一定要学会用不同的句型或者单词来表达同一种意思。从而可以避免给读者留下词汇贫乏的印象。 3. 对立观点议论文常用的经典句型（详细） 1) 点明文章主题的常用句型：

(1) … has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person.

…… 已经成为人们谈论的热门话题，不同的人对此有不同的看法。

关于．．．．．．人们看法不尽相同

(3) Nowadays, people are divided on the question as to whether ……

如今关于……的问题，人们的观点很不相同。 (4) Different people have different views / perspectives ……

不同的人对……有不同的见解。

(5) When being asked about …… different people will offer different answers 当被问到关于……时，不同的人会给出不同的答案。

of ……

如今关于…… 的问题，公众已经展开了辩论（讨论）

(7) The issue of whether or not ……

关于是否…… 的问题， 如今公众已经展开了广泛的讨论。

2) 具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句型：

(1) Some people suggest / maintain / hold the opinion that ……; however, other

people hold a different point of view ……

有些人认为…… 但是另外一些人却持有不同的观点。

(2) Some people are inclined to think that ……; on the contrary / In contrast,

there are still many people who won’t agree, and they claim ……

一些人往往认为…… 但仍有些人对此表示异议，他们认为……

(3) When it comes to …………; while others 当谈及….. 的时候, 有些人认为 ……; 但是其他人却站在相反的一面. argue that …; but people who … on the other hand, maintain / assert that …

那些批评/反对 …… 的人认为 ……; 但是赞成…… 的人却认为 …… …….

现在大家普遍认为 …… 我却对此持怀疑态度.

(6) Nowadays, an overwhelming majority of people think that …. Nevertheless,

there are still some people of the opinion that ….

虽然如今绝大多数人认为 …… 但是还是有些人认为 ……

3) 陈述自己观点的常用句型: 就此而言, 我赞成前一种观点.

(2) I agree to the latter opinion to some extent.

我比较同意后一种观点.

(3) I am in favor of …/ I am on the side of ….

我赞成 ……

(4) In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we … we should take into

consideration all aspect of the problems and then make the right decision.

我认为双方都有一定的道理. 当我们 …… 我们应该全面的考虑该问题, 然后做出正确的决

定.

(5) There is probably some truth in both arguments / statements, but …. 两种观点都有一定的道理, 但是 …….

4. 对立观点议论文范文欣赏及解析:

范例1:

Reading Selectively or Extensively. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given Chinese) below:

1. 有些人认为读书要有选择

2. 另外一些人又认为应该博览群书

3. 我的看法

Reading Selectively or Extensively

When it comes to the issue of read electively or extensively, different people have different opinions. one should read selectively . one should read extensively.

Those who hold the first opinion think that one’s time and energy are limited and one can never read as many books as he wishes. In contrast, those who hold the second view think that to know the world from all perspectives one should absorb a variety of knowledge by reading extensively.

As to me, I agree to the former opinion. Admittedly, one can absorb more knowledge by reading extensively, but it doesn’t follow that one should read without discrimination. As one’s time and energy are limited, one should devote his limited time and energy to reading relevant and beneficial books. It’s a waste of time to read irrelevant books. Furthermore, some books are harmful to one’s mind. If we don’t read books selectively, we will be led astray by harmful books.

点评: 这篇文章结构清晰完整,没有什么语法及拼写错误, 第一段文章直接切入主题, 在第一段中,文章中用出了”It is held that …. But it is also believed that ….”的被动结构,而没有象其他人直接用主动,这显示了作者的写作功底. 所以这里特别提醒:四,六级作文

中考生应该恰当的使用一点被动句型(因为编者在对四,六级作文做归纳的时候发现很少考生使用被动句型),这样可能在写作中起到意想不到的效果.

第二段作者阐述了两种观点, 还在文章中用到了”in contrast”这样的过渡词, 在表观点时,分别用了”opinion” 和 “view”, 而不是一味的重复. 词汇多样化是英语写作的一个技巧,学生应该在平时的英语学习中积累同意或者反义词, 在英语写作中才能做到(汉语)一义(英语)多词.

第三段作者用了较多的笔墨阐述了自己的观点. 总而言之, 这篇文章结构清晰,句型词汇丰富, 论证透彻, 值得考生借鉴.

范例二:

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）

2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of all evil）

3.我的看法

Can Money Buy Happiness?

Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some people think that as they think, is the source of happiness.

But there are still a lot of others who think that money is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that can＇t be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it.

I think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But even though money is necessary to life, it can＇t buy happiness. Happiness is not something that can be measured by money. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems. Therefore, although money is necessary for a happy life, it

can＇t buy happiness, one should bear in mind that one should make money his servant, not his master.

点评: 这篇文章是一篇典型的 引出话题(一些人认为…) ---- 另外一些人认为 ---- 我的观点 的结构, 在第一段中,作者的亮度至于用了 With money, one can buy whatever he ,有力的说明了金钱的功能. 第二段作者给出了另外一种观点, 并且也用了to steal, to rob, and to break the law 排比句的形式,看来排比句是作者的长处. 当然能在作文中间恰当的用排比句会加强文章的气势. 最后一段作者用了长句, 从正反两个方面来阐述自己的观点, 并很好的用了转折关系的连接词. 考生应该好好借鉴作者的写法.

5). 自我练习: 下面给出2篇对立观点的议论文, 希望大家能很好的运用上面的句型,写作方法,和借鉴2篇范文中的闪光灯来反复训练, 那样的话在考试中遇到同类的作文题目就应该很容易写出一篇高水平的作文了.

练习1:

练习2：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……。

2.也有人持不同意见，……。

3.我的看法和打算。

Sample Composition

Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?

A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET).We have all taken, and are thus familiar with English tests of many kinds, but so far most of them are written ones. Have you any idea of what a spoken English test will be like, and is it necessary to go to all the trouble

to hold or take such a test? People differ in their answers.

Many people will think it necessary. They know that although they have taken dozens, even hundreds, of English tests ever since they started learning it and many even have got surprisingly high marks, few of them can express themselves freely in spoken English. And if people can’t speak a word of it, what’s the sense of learning it and what do those high marks mean? They’re none but deaf and mutes before the native speakers. Furthermore, with so many college graduates and undergraduates having passed CET— 4 and CET—6,a test of spoken English is a further way to tell the excellent from the not so excellent. Finally, it is viewed as a new challenge to those who “live and learn.”

There are, however, also people who think differently. Besides the aims in preparation for such a new kind of test, there is also the uncertainty about the reliability and objectivity of the marking system, which may depend mainly on human (and thus subjective) scoring instead of on machine scoring, as in the case of a standardized objective such as CET4 and CET6.

At the prospect of this optional test, I feel encouraged and regard it as a welcome challenge and another opportunity to improve my language ability and career potentials .I am determined to practice my oral English more often, and if I am qualified for such a test, I will not hesitate a moment to apply for it.

1. 问题解决型议论文的模式

1）描述问题 —— 分析原因 —— 我的对策及看法

2）提出问题 —— 分析各种解决方法 —— 结论

2. 问题解决型议论文的写作要领

考生在动笔之前应该仔细阅读提纲，弄清楚作文每段要求写的内容。一定要避免只分析

原因而忘记提出解决办法。在提出解决办法的时候一定要保证文章的连贯性和条理性，一般在例举原因的时候都要用比如firstly, secondly, thirdly等连接词来上下连贯。整篇文章一定要前后呼应，做到文章结构紧凑，有理有据。

3. 问题解决型议论文的经典句型：

1) 引出话题的常用句型

(1) Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face

如今…… 已经成为我们必须面对的话题。

(2) Nowadays , more and more people are concerned about the problem … 现在越来越多的人开始关注 …… 的问题。

(3) Although … has brought convenience to us, many people have begun to realize that it is the source of trouble as well.

尽管 …… 给我们带来了很多便利，但很多人已经意识到它也会制造麻烦。

(4) Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of …world wide attention.

最近，…… 现象的日益增多已经引起了全世界的注意。 …最近， …… 问题已经称为人们关注的焦点。 the serious problem of …

在最近几年里面，很多城市/国家/人已经面临问题/受到……问题的干扰。

(7) With the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.

随着日益发展的经济全球化和城市化，更多的问题受到我们的关注。

(8) Nowadays more and more people come to the importance of …

现在越来越多的人开始意识到……的重要性。

(9) Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy, the past two decades have witnessed great economic development and social transformation.

由于改革开放政策，在过去的20年中中国经济取得了巨大的发展，社会发生了重大变革。

(10) With the of economy, great changes have taken place in ….

随着经济的快速（惊人的，令人瞩目的）发展， …… 发生了巨大的变革。

(11) One of the we are confronted with is that ….

我们面临的一个紧迫问题是 ……. … has become the utmost concern among people nowadays.

不可否认，…… 已经成为人们关注的焦点。

(13) Once in a newspaper….

我曾经在报纸上看到一篇关于……的文章。

2) 分析原因的常用句型

(1) Here are many/several/a number of/a variety of reasons for it. First …. Second …. Finally ….

这件事情的原因很多，第一……第二……第三……

(2) The reason can be listed as follows. For one thing …. For another …. 原因有以下几点，一方面……另一方面……

(3) What has possibly contributed to this problem? In the first place …. In the second place ….

是什么导致了这个问题呢？首先……然后……

(4) Perhaps the main/primary/most important reason is ….

可能最主要/根本/重要的原因是……

(5) … is also/partly/solely/chiefly responsible for the problem.

……也是问题产生的部分/主要原因。

(6) It is no easy job to identify the reasons for … which involves several complicated factors. For some …. For others….

要找出……的原因并不容易，其中要牵涉到几个方面的复杂因素，有人也许会将这归结于……

(7) A number of factors could ….

几个方面的因素可能导致……

这个问题是由很多因素造成的.

(9) The explanation for this phenomenon involves many complex reasons. For one thing …. For another ….

这种现象的发生有很多复杂的原因。其一……其二……

(10) Some people may think that … is to blame for this problem, but its causes 有些人也许认为我们应该把这个问题归咎于……但是，这个问题还有更深层次的原因。 …. 它将对……产生深远的影响。

(12) Admittedly, it may create/give rise to/bring about a host of problems. 诚然，这将会导致很多问题。

(13) There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon.

关于这个现象有各种各样的理由。

3) 提出解决方案的句型

(1) The first key factor to solve this problem is …. Another key factor is …. 解决这一问题的第一关键是…… 第二关键是…….

(2) People have found many solutions/approaches to dealing with this problem. 人们已经发现了许多解决这一问题的办法。

(3) We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis.

我们可以想出很多办法来缓解目前的危机。

(4) Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some help.

那么，如何来解决这一问题呢？这里有些建议可能有些帮助。

(5) Faced with … we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation

面对…….我们应该采取一系列办法来应对目前的形式。

(6) It is high time that …. Here are a few examples of some of the measures that night be taken immediately.

真的应该/必须……这里列举几个马上可以付诸实践的措施。 will be put jeopardy.

显然，倘若我们对这一点置若罔闻的话，很可能……就会处于一种危险的境地。

(8) We need to take a look at this matter/situation ’t come anywhere near solving it.

我们应该从一个新的角度（一个更广的角度）来看待这个问题。否则的话，我们将很难解决它。 为了扭转局势，我们必须采取有效的措施。 希望我们全力以赴……. …. But … 并没有很容易的办法来解决这一问题。……很可能会有帮助。 problem of …. But the general awareness of the importance of … might be the first step in the right direction.

虽然现在还看不到有望解决……问题的有效的方法，但是大家意识到……的重要性可能是解决这个问题的第一步。

4 问题解决型议论文范文欣赏及解析：

范例一：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic problem of piracy. You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below

1．盗版现象日益严重

2．盗版造成的后果

3．我对抵制盗版问题的看法

problem of piracy

Nowadays, the problem of piracy has become more and more serious. Books, tapes, VCDs and other high-tech products almost all have been pirated. When a new product comes into market, very probably, its pirated counterpart will soon make its appearance in the market, too. Piracy has caused a great loss to the producers, inventors and writers, and made great confusion in the markets. Because the pirated products often cost much less than the genuine ones, they enjoy a pretty good selling in spite of their relatively poor quality. The genuine products, on the contrary, sell poorly. This happens especially to stone high-tech products, whose prices are often expensive. in the case of the good selling in spite of their relatively poor quality. The genuine products, on the contrary, sell poorly. This happens especially to some high-tech products, whose prices are often expensive. , in the case of the pirated hooks, sometimes, they do great harm to the authors' names due to some misprinting. However, piracy doesn't benefit those customers who buy the pirated products, because in the long run, customers will suffer a big loss for the sake of small gains. Shouldn't we solve the problem now?

In my opinion, this problem of piracy should receive due attention now, and it's time everyone started the battle against piracy. pirated products. should take effective measures to stop piracy. Finally stronger laws must be strictly executed to completely ban piracy. 文章点评： 这篇文章的得分点是结构非常清晰，其中作者用了很多big words来想批改试卷的老师显示作者的英语功底，除此之外，作者还在文章中间恰当的运用关联词来承上启下。当然，句型的丰富也是这篇文章的亮度。

范例二：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Fire accidents in Big Cities. You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below

1．目前的情况

2．引起火灾的原因

3．你对防止火灾的建议

Fire accidents in Big Cities

In recent years there has been a marked growth of fire accidents in big cities of our country. Almost every day we see fire engines rushing through the streets. Fires have resulted in heavy economic losses injured and killed many people.

What are the causes of fire accidents? Most of the fires by carelessness and violation of fire safety regulations. Others are due to the poor quality of home electrical appliances. By the way, some people don't know how to use them properly. there are quite a few businesses which focus so much of their attention on profits that they neglect and even ignore fire precautions.

In my opinion, in order to prevent fires we should of all foster people's sense of fire prevention. The we are to improve the existing fire engines and add more fire facilities to high-rise buildings. In this way, a reliable fire prevention system will be formed.

文章点评： 这篇文章简洁明了，能很好的说明主题，其中作者不是简单的用一些常见的表达，比如作者在第一段用了not only ….but also 来代替and, 作者还恰当的运用了被动，这是值得大家借鉴的。因为很多考生在作文中间只习惯用主动，被动句型用的很少或者说几乎没有用。这也是得分的一个诀窍。 当然一篇好的文章必须要顺畅和连贯的。作者用了besides, first, second, finally 等来上下连贯。同时作者还用了非限制性定语从句，这也是句型多样的一个表现。

5 自我实践：请考生们自己尝试写下面2篇要求的文章，尽量运用前面学过的诀窍和方法。 练习1：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Solve Population Problems. You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below：

1. the population is increasing recently

2. how to solve this problem

3. my own idea about it

How to Solve Population Problems

Population expansion is one of the most serious problems in the world. With better hygienic conditions and better medical care, fewer babies die today. But the birth rate remains unchanged. Moreover, the death rate has been lowered considerably by various kinds of progress. People generally live longer than they used to. All these contribute to a series of problem: shortage of national resources and food supply crowded cities and high rate of unemployment.

To solve all these problems, we must take measures to control birth rate. The first important step is to educate people-to help them understand the advantages of small families. Another important measure is to raise people's living standards. When people full understand the consequences of population expansion, and when their standard of living is raised, the birth rate will decline without compulsion.

Though it is a difficult task, we should try in a thousand and one ways to carry out birth control If we fail to do so, the world will be too crowded to live in, and the natural resources will be used up. Then we will no longer survive on earth.

练习2:

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic the traffic problems. You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below

1．近年来，许多城市都面临交通拥挤这一问题。

2．解决的一个办法是修建更多的道路。

3．我的意见。

[范文]

the traffic problems

In recent years ninny cities are faced with the problem of heavy traffic. People have to waste more time on their way home or to work and even might be involved in an accident. With the development of industry and population expansion, this problem becomes more and more serious. One solution is to lay down more roads. The solution has many advantages. For ex ample, it can efficiently decrease the number of buses and trucks in many main streets. But it will take up

so much land that crowded cities become more crowded. Another solution is to open up more bus lines. If more bus lines should be opened up, the number of bicycles and cars in the main streets would be greatly decreased. But the disadvantage of this solution is that many people wouldn't feel so convenient as they used to.

In my opinion, the right solution to the problem is the combination of the two, that is, to lay down more roads in spacious areas and to open up more bus lines in downtown

说明利弊的议论文是四、六级作文中另外一中常见的形式，它一般要求考生就某一问题或者事情从正反两个方面辨析优缺点，然后表明自己的看法。

1. 说明利弊议论文的结构模式：

描述某一现象——分析优点——分析缺点——我的态度或者看法

2. 说明利弊议论文的写作要领：

在分别说明某一事物的优缺点时，切忌凌乱，一定要有条理，特别要注意使用一些连贯词组：firstly, secondly, finally, for one thing, for another.等

在文章最后一段一定要恰如其分的给出自己的观点

3. 说明利弊议论文的经典句型：

(1）There are several advantages in/of ….. the first/biggest advantage is that …. ……有几方面的优点， 第一个/最大的优点是…….

… in terms of …

在……一方面，（几乎）没有什么东西可以和……相媲美。

(3) the it has its 尽管存在一些缺点/负面影响，但它并非一无是处。

(4) … has a positive impact/ influence/ effect on people’s lives.

……对人们的生活起到一种积极作用。

(5) … is playing an increasing important role in people’s lives

……在人们的生活中起着越来越重要的作用。

2) 说明事物缺点的经典句型：

(1) However … just like anything else. Has its negative side as well.

但是，和其他事情一样，……也有其不好的一面。

(2) Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored.

当然，其缺点也是不容忽视的。

(3) However, it still has some drawbacks.

但是它仍然有许多缺陷。

(4) However, just as everything has two sides, … also has many disadvantages. 但是，正如每个事物都是两面性一样，……也有很多缺点。

(5) However, … may also cause/bring about/lead to/result in/ contribute to some problems.

但是，……也可能诱发一些问题。

(6) However, it’s often blamed for its obvious defects.

但是， 它经常因为一些明显的缺陷而受到指责。

(7) Everything has two sides … is no exception.

每个事物都有两面性，……也不例外。

(8) As the proverb goes, every coin has its two sides/every medal has its reverse… is no exception.

正如有句谚语所说的那样，每件事物都有弊有利。 …..也毫不例外。

(9) However, the negative aspects are also apparent/obvious/evident. To begin with, … to make matters worse, …. Worst of all, ….

不足之处也是显而易见的。首先, ……更糟糕的是， ……最后，…….

(10) The side effects … has exerted on human beings be boiled down to several major ones as follows. First, …. Second, …. In addition,….

对人类的副作用归纳起来有以下几点。其一，……其二，……此外, ……

3) 表明事物利大于弊的经典句型：

(1) As to me, I think the advantages disadvantages.

就我而言，我认为利大于弊。

(2) Anyway, I still believe … has more advantages than disadvantages. 不管怎样，我仍然相信……利大于弊。

(3) But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side.

但就我而言，我认为它积极的一面更加重要。

(4) Advantages … the … entails.

……的优点远远多于它引发的问题。

4. 说明利弊议论文的范文欣赏及解析：

范文一：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports? You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.体育运动的好处.

2.体育运动可能带来的副作用.

3.我参加体育运动的体会.

The Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports

Sports are conducive to health. First, stimulate blood circulation. As a Chinese saying goes, . Besides, sports help digestion. If one often takes exercise, he will not suffer . Most important of all, sports make one energetic. One who takes exercise everyday is always full o f . morning, he will sweat but he will have to go to work with wet underwear in a hurry, regular intervals, he can keep fit but most probably he will lag behind in other fields. Worst of all, if not takes exercise without taking in enough nutrition, his health will run down for real-malnutrition, which is just the opposite to what he wishes. I find it beneficial to health to take exercise. However, I seldom take exercise all my lift. When I was young, I refused to take exercise for lack of nutrition. Now I refuse to take exercise because I cannot.

范文点评：这篇文章的优点是整篇文章非常连贯畅通，文章大量运用了first, second, in addition, however, admittedly, worst of all等关联词，对关联词的恰当运用是写一篇好文章的关键。希望考生们在四六级考试作文中好好的运用。第二点亮度是作者运用了谚语

来表达自己的观点。很多考生不愿意用谚语（或许他们记得不多吧）。谚语的运用可以使文章多样化。第三点，作者较好的运用了一些难度较大的词汇，当然如果能在文章里面用一些正确的难点词会增加文章的色彩。这里值得一提的是作者在文章里面用了表达原因的多种句型。为了让你的作文语言富于变化， 在平时的学习中最后注意积累。

范文2：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Two-day Weekend? You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 双休日给我们大学生带来的好处

2. 双休日可能产生的问题

3. 我应该怎么样过好双休日

Two-day Weekend

Nowadays people benefit a lot from the two-day weekend. Like everything else, the two-day weekend has both favorable and mf-favorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

First, people can relax themselves thoroughly in a two-day weekend, watching TV at home or going shopping. Besides, people can make use of the two-day weekend to take a short journey. Most important of all, people can do a lot of housework, washing, cleaning, putting things in order, and taking care of young children or old parents; They can also study, read hooks or do scientific research etc.

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. First, the two-day weekend induces people to dip into their purse. To make matters worse, the two-day weekend encourages idleness in some people. Worst of all, having more leisure out of school, some children are led astray.

As to me, I spend the two-day weekend in a positive way. On Saturday, I usually relax myself, watching TV, taking exercise and visiting my friends and relatives, etc. On Sunday I make a lot of preparations for my next week's life and work.

文章点评：范文段首开门见山，概况了双休日给大学生带来的好处，特别是在第二段详述了

好处。因为双休日这个话题太普通，因此考生都能找到话说，但都会出现一种文章简单化的趋势。因此如何用一些在平时学习中积累的难一点的好一点的单词句型来表达自己的观点看法就显得很重要了。作者在这一点做的很好，虽然本段文章内容简单，但作者使用的句型确富于变化，既有简单的并列句，还有不定式做状语，非限制性定语等句型。

5. 自我实践：请考生们自己尝试写下面2篇要求的文章，尽量运用前面学过的诀窍和方法 练习1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Keeping a Pet. You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below

1. 养宠物有很多优点

2. 养宠物也会引发一些问题

3. 我的态度

Keeping a Pet

Many people like to keep a kind of animal as a pet ,such as dogs, cats, birds, and so on .They put so great enthusiasm on them that some pets are treated like their family members.

A good relationship between people and pets can be very comfortable. They are loyal audiences of you ,while you have something can't tell any one else. They occupy the loneliness , cure your pains, make anxious hearts return to peace and innocence ,some pets even can help to cure some mental disease. that's the advantages of keeping an pet. However ,pets are often expensive, to feed them would even cost more .Too much money spend on pets are more or less a little improper while there are so many starving people in this nation.

Some dangerous pets are a menace to their owners , even a dog attack people sometimes, things could be worse if they carrying some fatal virus. That's the disadvantages of keeping a pet.

练习2：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Working at Home You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below

1. 居家办公有很多优点

2. 居家办公也有很多缺点

3. 我的看法

Working at Home

With the science and the technology, especially computer developing, nowadays, working at home is more and more popular. In some developed countries, it has been a fashionable approach which people deal with their work or others.

 What about the working at home? Is it good or bad? That is really hard to say. Because it not only brings advantages but also disadvantages for us. Obviously, it is extremely convenient for people if they work at home. They can save more time to do more work and favorite. More over, it can declines the traffic jam and surely reduces the pollution. But we also can’t neglect its negative aspect. Working at home all day, it let the people can’t open their eye-sight widely, so they can’t catch up with the new world and have the knowledge of the society. So these are such the advantages and the disadvantages.

 To my perspective, we must analyze concrete circumstances. We should go to work outside as possible as we can unless we are really extremely busy. In a word, working at home is suitable for some people but still not necessary for most. Because we want to connect with the world outside.

1. 阐述主题型议论文在考试中主要有两种形式：一种是给出一句名言，谚语或者格言，要求考生解释它的含义并举例说明其中的道理。另外一种是给出一种现象或情况，要求考生根据所列的提纲进行论述。

1）阐述主题议论文的结构模式

（1） 格言成语。揭示隐意以例证展开论证最后得出结论

（2） 其它：

a. 一种现象 --- 分析原因 --- 我的看法（前景预测或者评价）

b. 引出主题 --- 我的观点 --- 结论

2） 阐述主题议论文的写作要领：

在平时学习过程中要注意记忆一些常用的谚语或者格言并且弄懂其中的含义。

在举例说明谚语或者格言所包含的道理时， 要保证举例的说服力，以及多个例证的有机连接，切忌简单的罗列几个简单的例子。一般最重要的最典型的例子要放在最前面以引起读者

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