人教版英语八年级下unit2讲解与练习

培生学堂 八年级下

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

Section A

1. You should help to clean up the city parks.

Clean up意为“彻底打扫；清除”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语动词，后面跟名词作宾格时，名词放在up前后均可，后面跟代词作宾格时，代词应当放在up前面。 e.g. He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.

2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.

Cheer up意为“变得更高兴，振奋起来”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语，cheer up既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语

e.g. He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him. Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad.

He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.

【拓展】

1）cheer作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩” e.g. The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 2) cheer作及物动词，意为“为···欢呼，高呼” e.g. The whole village turned out to cheer the hero 3) cheer 作可数名词，意为“欢呼声，喝彩声”

e.g. We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 4) cheer on 意为“为···加油”

e.g. We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on？ 【现学现练】

He failed in the math test and looks sad. Let’s _______

A. put him up B. set him up C. cheer him up D. clean him up

3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.

Give out 意为“散发，分发”，相当于“hand out”， 是“动词+副词”的短语动词 e.g. Can you give out the drinks out, please? 【拓展】

Give out 的不同含义：

1）give out 表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等） e.g. The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 2) give out表示“用完，耗尽”

e.g. Our food supplies began to give out.

4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.

Volunteer动词，意为“志愿做，义务做”，后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语 e.g. Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after party. 【拓展】

Volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者”

e.g. Can I have a volunteer to collect the glasses?

培生学堂 八年级下

5. We can’t put off making a plan

Put off意为“推迟”，是“动词+副词”的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语 e.g. They put off the match because of the heavy rain. Please don’t put off doing your homework.

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 【拓展】

由put构成的常见短语有： Put away 将···收起来 put on 穿上；上演 put down 放下；记下 Put out 熄灭；伸出 put back 放回原处 put up 张贴；搭建

6. Let’s make some notices, too

Notice此处作可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告” e.g. There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking” I’ll put up a notice about the meeting. 【拓展】

1）notice作不可数名词，意为“注意” e.g. Take notice of what they say.

2) notice 作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到” e.g. Did you notice Jack come in ?

7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be Used to 意为“过去···， 曾经···”，后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事”，指表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态 e.g. He used to work in the hospital. He didn’t use to walk after supper. 【拓展】

1) be used to do sth. 意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表目的 e.g. The book is used to teach us how to write. 2) be used for + n./ v.ing 表示“被用于···” e.g. A stamp is used for sending letters. 3) get/be used to doing sth.

e.g. He is used to eating out all the time.

8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.

Lonely是形容词，充当表语，指“孤独的”，用于人时，表示一种心理状态，突出内心孤独寂寞的感觉，侧重缺少同伴友谊而感到孤独、寂寞。含忧郁之意。 e.g. He felt very lonely without his friends. 9. ···give up several hours each week to help others.

Several作形容词，意为“几个，数个”，修饰可数名词复数

e.g. Several days later, Grandma came to the library to borrow some books. 【拓展】

Several作代词，意为“几个，数个”

培生学堂 八年级下

e.g. Excuse me, have you got any books about sports? --- Yes, we’ve got several. Several of us went there.

10. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animal get better and the look of joy on their owner’s faces.

1) Feeling在此用作可数名词，意为“感觉；感触” e.g. I’ve got a bad feeling.

It was a great feeling when a wild animal shows you affection. Feel还可用作连系动词，意为“觉得，感觉到” e.g. I felt very tired after running.

2) satisfaction 为不可数名词，意为“满意，满足”，其反义词是dissatisfaction. e.g. She smiled in satisfaction. 【拓展】

Satisfaction（名词，满意）---- satisfy （动词，使满意）---- satisfied （形容词，满意的） 1) be satisfied to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到满意” e.g. He was satisfied to win the match. 2) be satisfied with意为“对···感到满意” e.g. She was not satisfied with the result.

3) joy在此用作不可数名词，意为“高兴；愉快” e.g. Life is always full of joy. He jumped up with joy.

4) owner可数名词，意为“物主，主人” e.g. He is the owner of the car. 【拓展】

1) own 形容词，意为“自己的”，一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后以加强语气。 e.g. I saw it with my own eyes.

2) own 及物动词，意为“有；拥有”，相当于have. e.g. He owns a big house.

3) of one’s own. 意为“属于某人自己的” e.g. At last I’ve got a big house of my own.

11. The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.

Journey意为“旅行；行程”，可数名词，一般指长途旅行 e.g. Life is a long journey from birth to death.

12. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.

Sick形容词，意为“生病的；有病的”，其反义词为well. e.g. His sister was sick with a cold.

Sick作形容词时，还可表示“（想）呕吐的，恶心的” e.g. I always feel sick when I travel by ship. The smell makes him sick.

培生学堂 八年级下

【拓展】

Sick与ill的辨析：

Sick指“生病”时主要用于英式英语，可作定语也可作表语，表示“恶心；呕吐”时只用作表语 e.g. He is a sick man.

He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.

Ill指“生病”时，主要用于美式英语，只用作表语，一般不作定语 e.g. He is ill and stays in bed.

13. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.

Raise作及物动词，意为“筹集；征集”

e.g. They want to raise enough money for building a school. 【拓展】raise 的其他用法：

1) 作及物动词，意为“举起，抬起” e.g. Please raise your hands! 2) 作及物动词，意为“种植”

e.g. Their family raised a lot of corn. 3) 作及物动词，意为“饲养，供养” e.g. She likes to raise a dog.

14. I want to travel alone.

Alone作副词，意为“单独地；独自地” e.g. He likes living alone.

1) alone作副词，用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有；仅仅” e.g. He alone understands me.

2) alone作形容词，意为“独自的；单独的” e.g. She was alone in the dark room. 【拓展】

Alone与lonely辨析

Alone表示“单独的；肚子的”，指一个人或事物与其他的人或事物分开，不含感情色彩。 e.g. He is alone in the classroom

Lonely表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，指人时含有浓重的感情色彩，即因缺少朋友、同情、亲情而产生的一种孤独、悲伤和忧郁的感情。 e.g. She has few friends here and feels lonely.

Section B

1. I’ve run out of it.

Run out of是“动词+副词+介词”的短语，of后接宾语，主语通常是表示“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器等，意为“···用完了···” e.g. I’ve run out of paper. 【拓展】

1) run out of 可表示“从···跑出来”的意思 e.g. The dog run out of the room.

2) run out 是“动词+副词”结构的不及物动词短语，意为“用完，用尽”，主语通常是表示“时

培生学堂 八年级下

间、金钱”等无生命的东西。 e.g. All the money ran out by me.

3) sth. run out 表示“某物用尽了，用完了” e.g. Our food will soon run out.

2. I take after my mother. Take after意为“像；与···相像”，指由于血缘关系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相当于be similar to， 其中after 是介词，其后常接名词或代词 e.g. Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all. 【拓展】

1) look like意为“看上去像···”，多指外貌 e.g. You look like my brother.

2) be like意为“像···”， 可指外貌，也可指性格 e.g. What is your sister like?

3. I repaired it.

Repair及物动词，意为“修理，修补，修缮（房屋）” e.g. He repairs old furniture. 辨析：repair, mend与fix

1) repair比fix和mend更正式，常用于表示修补破损或有洞的东西 e.g. Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.

2) mend着重修补衣服上的洞、道路、屋顶或围栏等 e.g. My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.

3) fix侧重于“安装”，有时也用作“修理”，常用于指修理机器、车辆等 e.g. The workers are fixing the machine.

4. I’m similar to her.

1) similar形容词，意为“相似的；相仿的” e.g. My best friend and I have similar hobbies. 2) be similar to意为“与···相似/相仿” e.g. My new dress is similar to yours. 【拓展】

Be similar in sth. 意为“在某方面相似/相仿” e.g. The two buildings are similar in style.

5. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? 1) letter可数名词，“信，函” e.g. Tom, here is a letter for you.

2) write the letter to sb. 相当于write to sb. 意为“给某人写信” e.g. I am writing the letter to my friend Do you often write to your friends? 【拓展】

1) receive a letter from sb. 与hear from sb. 同义， 意为“收到某人的来信” e.g. I often hear from my friends.

培生学堂 八年级下

2) letter作可数名词，表示“字母”的意思 e.g. Write down these letters, please.

6. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me. Disabled形容词，意为“丧失能力的，有残疾的”，它是动词disable（使···丧失能力）加后缀ed构成的

e.g. We should help disabled people.

It’s important to make fun of a disabled man.

7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Make a difference to 意为“对···产生影响”，difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等，to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词

e.g. Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person’s life. The accident has made a great difference to his life. 【拓展】

Make no difference意为“对···没有影响” e.g. It makes no difference to me.

8. Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.

Imagine动词，意为“想象，设想”，其后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句 e.g. Can you imagine life on the moon?

I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

9/ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulities. Difficulity作名词，意为“困难；难题”，其形容词为difficult，意为“困难的” 【拓展】

1) Difficulty表示抽象意义上的“困难”时，是不可数名词 e.g. Bad planning will lead to difficulty later.

2) have difficulty in doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面有困难” e.g. I had great difficulty (in) doing the work.

10. Opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me . 1) open 动词，意为“打开，张开”，反义词为close e.g. open the window, open your mouth Open与turn on 辨析：

Open指将原来关着的东西打开，turn on 指转动或推上开关等打开 2) carry及物动词，意为“拿，提，扛”

e.g. He always carries a small box in his hand. Carry, bring, take的用法辨析：

Carry不表示动作的方向，一般指随身携带，如“扛、提、运”等 e.g. Please carry the bag for me.

Bring 指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方 e.g. Bring the book to me, please.

Take指把人或物从说话者的地方带到别处去 e.g. Take my box to the room.

培生学堂 八年级下

【拓展】

Open 还可用作形容词，主要用法如下： 1) 开着的，反义词为closed e.g. All the doors are open. 2) 开张的，营业的

e.g. The shop is open from 9am to 6am. 3) 开放的

e.g. Our country is open to the world now.

11. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out

1) a friend of mine指“我的一位朋友”，是双重所有格，相当于one of my friends. 2) help sb. out指“帮助某人摆脱困境；帮助某人解决难题” e.g. Help them out as possible as you can.

12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog. 1) excited形容词，意为“兴奋的，激动的”，可作表语或定语，作表语时，主语一般是表示“人”的名词或代词；作定语时，一般修饰表示“人”的名词或代词 e.g. Tom was excited after hearing of the good news. The excited children are opening their presents. Excited与exciting的用法辨析：

Excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”，多用于修饰人；exciting意为“使人兴奋的，刺激的”，修饰物

e.g. The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news. 2) be excited about 意为“对···感到兴奋、激动” e.g. I was excited about going to the zoo.

13. Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.

Understand既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为“理解；领会；明白” e.g. Do you understand me?

He doesn’t understand English. 【拓展】

1） understand后可接从句：

e.g. I understand you’re going to teach American Chinese. 2) make oneself understood意为“让某人了解自己的意思” e.g. I can’t make myself understood in English.

单元练习

Ⅱ.单项填空（30分）

21.Our parents often tell us notalone in the river in summer. A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.swam 22.The father is creative enoughso many nice toys for his daughter. A.buying B.making C.to buy D.to make 23.I often saw the boysin the river. A.swam B.swimming C.to swim D.swim

培生学堂 八年级下

24.It takes me two hoursmy homework every day. A.doing B.to do C.did D.does 25.The glass of water is too hot. Would you please give me some cold water? A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drunk 26.It’s easythe problem.

A.for him solve B.for him to solve C.of him solving D.of him to solve 27.is not easy to look after a little baby. A.The B.What C.It D.How 28.I hopeyou next Sunday. A.see B.to see C.sees D.seeing 29.Uncle Ted was very rich. But now he has no place to. A.live B. live on C.live in D.live with 30.—Could you please pass me the book?— A.Yes, I could. B.No, I couldn’t. C.Sure, here you are. D.No, that’s no problem. 31.—What are you doing, Uncle Wang?

—I’m sorting out old books and I’llto kids in West China. A.give them up B.give them away C.give them off D.give them in 32.We foundnecessary to protect animals in danger. A.it B.this C.that D./ 33.You shouldsmoking. It’s bad for your health. A.get up B.put up C.give up D.look up 34.Thank you for your,otherwise I couldn’t finish my study. A.kind B.kindly C.kindness D.kinds 35.He is strongfootball. A.in play B.in playing C.at play D.at playing Ⅲ.完形填空（10分）

One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story 36 .“He is really bad，”the boy said,“and I 37 him.”

The grandfather said,“ 38 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did.”

As Peter 39 carefully, the grandfather went on.“There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 40 and kind. He gets on well 41 everything around him. But 42 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can’t think carefully 43 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control（控制）me.”

Peter looked into his grandfather’s 44 and asked,“ 45 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?”

The old man said slowly and seriously,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom（很少）get angry now.” 36.A.happily B.friendly C.hardly D.angrily 37.A.love B.hate C.know D.enjoy 38.A.Make B.Help C.Let D.Ask 39.A.saw B.felt C.talked D.listened

培生学堂 八年级下

40.A.good B.bad C.lazy D.quiet 41.A.at B.on C.with D.about 42.A.other B.others C.another D.the other 43.A.because B.though C.before D.but 44.A.eyes B.ears C.nose D.mouth 45.A.Who B.Which C.Where D.When Ⅳ.阅读理解（20分）

Have you ever been to Taiwan, the biggest island of China? Do you want tovisit there? We’ll show you the best Taiwan Island.

On a four-day tour. Price: Only ￥5,000

Including: Round-way plane tickets between Beijing and Taiwan.

Bus service around Taiwan. Best tour guide service.

Places

Sun and Moon Lake A beautiful lake. A small island. On one side of the island, the lake looks like the sun, on the other side it looks like the moon. That is why people call the lake Sun and Moon Lake.

Ali Mountain The nearest mountain around Sun and Moon Lake.A nice experience to have a party with Gaoshan people. A wonderful place to see a very beautiful sunrise.

Peng Lake A great place for swimming, fishing, boating and eating delicious fruit and fresh fish.

Gao Xiong A full day to go shopping. Book now

Office hour Monday—Friday: 9:00 am—7:00 pm; Saturday: 9:00 am—4:00 pm

Tel: 6459-9561

Sold out this month Book by phone now for next month. 46.Which is the biggest island of China? A.Taiwan Island. B.Hainan Island. C.Diaoyu Island. D.Huangyan Island.

47.If you go on a trip in Taiwan, where can you see the beautiful sunrise? A.On Sun and Moon Lake. B.On Ali Mountain. C.On Peng Lake. D.In Gao Xiong. 48.The writer of this passage wants to. A.have more people to join the tour B.tell you something about Taiwan C.ask people not to trouble them on Sunday D.describe how beautiful Taiwan is 49.If you want to visit Taiwan this month, you have to. A.visit their office on Saturday B.phone the number 6459-9561 C.turn to some other travel agencies D.pay more to cover the same tour

50.If you are asked to add a sentence on top of this piece of writing, which of the following would be the most proper?

A.Taiwan is Part of China B.Take the Time to Learn in Your Holiday C.The Biggest Island of China D.Come and Join Us for Your Holiday Ⅴ.根据汉语提示完成句子（10分）

51.They are（募捐）for the students in Lushan earthquake.

培生学堂 八年级下

52.He（志愿帮助）old people at an Old People House. 53.To（使我们高兴的是），we found the owner of the lost dog. 54.The（感觉）of helping others makes me（觉得）happy. 55.They（有困难）climbing the mountain. Ⅵ.句型转换（10分）

56.She could play the piano when she was five years old.（改为同义句） She could play the pianofive.

57.I would like to be an animal doctor when I grow up.（改为同义句） Ian animal doctor when I grow up. 58.could，you ，the，kids，ask，let，you，hospital，visit，them，cheer，and，up，to，the（连词成句）

59.She decided that she would give away her old books to others.（改为简单句） She decidedher old books to others.

60.To do sports is important for us.（改为同义句） Itfor ussports.

Ⅶ.书面表达（20分）

动物是人类的好朋友，没有动物，人类也不能生存，但现在很多动物濒临灭绝，请你就如何帮助动物提出建议。

要求：1.内容包含动物面临的状况和建议；

2.书写认真，70词左右。

Ⅱ.21.B tell sb.(not) to do sth.，意为“告诉某人（不）做某事”。故选B。 22.D 本题考查enough to do结构的应用。根据结构排除A、B两项；根据句中

creative“有创意的”可知，此处为制造玩具，故选D。

23.D see sb. do sth.意为“看到某人做某事”，see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某

事”。根据句意“我经常看到男孩们在河中游泳”可知，应用see sb. do sth.结构。答案选D。

24.B It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“花费某人一段时间做某事”。 25.C 动词不定式作后置定语，“some cold water to drink”意为“一些喝的冷水”。 26.B “It’s+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，根据该结构可排除A、C两项。当形

容词是表示品格的形容词时，用of结构；当形容词是表示事物性质的形容词时，用for结构。easy是表示事物性质的形容词，故选B。

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