综合教程大学英语4课本译文及课后答案

《大学英语4 》

复习自整理

2017年6月20日

柏映羽

版权所有，请勿翻印

第一单元 MAN AND NATURE 一．TEXTA（P4-7） 课文翻译：

人在自然界 亚历山大?斯伯金

1 人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。

2 人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化、社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境下，也改变了他所生活环境的地貌和气候，并使动植物因之而发生转变。

3 随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是指人类在那些地方建立了家园，那些地方的土地得以耕耘，那里的森林已被砍伐。 4 然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处以及如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。

5 目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为严重。人类和社会的需求，即便是像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。

6 现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万种人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。

7 久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？

8 人与大自然的关系—— 生态环境的危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者某些国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。解决人与大自然关系危机的方法之一，就是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其他尚不为人所知的宇宙中的自然能。

9 但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这种灾难也许是全球性的。古代东方智者的话讲得真是恰如其分：朋友们，你要是亲近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒不变的规律永远呵护你！

二．选词填空（P19-20）

第一小题（P19） 1) If you had had a spark of consideration for your family, you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks.

2) Due to the lack of an adequate labor force, even women in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines.

3) We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded, while others bare and wild.

4) The cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands.

5) People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed.

6) The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private cars this year due to the improved working efficiency.

7) Under severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat from the front.

8) When I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses, I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison.

9) He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a(n) miracle .

10) Survival of the Fittest is a(n) eternal truth of nature.

11) His heart sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails, memos and telephone messages on his desk.

12) The military government refused to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government.

13) In that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war, and there is a real danger of mass starvation.

14) Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail, thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust.

15) With the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises, various kinds of financial disputes have emerged.

16) The earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life.

17) Deforesting and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environment.

18) It is reported that large quantities of beer are consumed, with almost 7 million liters served during the 16-day beer festival in Germany this year. 19) On a bitterly cold night, the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of a great tree.

第二小题（P20） 1) Shortly after the government's new policy was put into effect, the economy of our country began to show signs of recovery.

2) We knew well what difficulties we had to cope with in bringing our work to a successful conclusion.

3) She lived in fear of getting injured and never participated in any violent sports games.

4) It looks like this snow will stop the food supplies and we shall be hungry for a time, but we've no choice but to tough it out.

5) Many trees in this area have been cut down to make room for buildings, which has worsened our living environment.

6) In order to avoid possible infection by the unknown viruses, researchers are protected from head to foot with caps, face masks and white gowns.

7) Despite the warm weather the explorers searched out some snow on the northern slope and boiled it for drinking water.

8) Starting bare-handed, you have built up so many steel plants. This is nothing short of miraculous!

9) As yet we haven't felt the need for any extra hands, but it's only a matter of time.

10) While one cannot choose one's birthplace, one can certainly decide, based on what one has experienced, the best place to settle in.

11) Parents who spend time and money teaching their children music,take heart — a new Canadian study shows young children who take music lessons have better memories than their nonmusical peers.

第三部分翻译

第一小题（P23） 1) The war went on for years, killing thousands upon thousands of people (夺去了成千上万人的生命).

2) The farmers used a new insecticide(杀虫剂), thus raising the average yield by 15 percent (将平均产量提高了15%).

3) Einstein watched the toy in delight, trying to deduce its operating principle (想推导出它的运转原理).

4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book (看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.

5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time (好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.

6) The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished. (留下了未完成的项目).

7) Turning to the right (向右转弯), you will find a path leading to his cottage. 8) Not wanting to make the patient nervous (不想使病人紧张), the doctor did not explain the seriousness of his illness.

第二小题（P25） 1) 这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击。(live in fear of)

The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.

2) 这个国家仅用了20年的时间就发展成了一个先进的工业强国。(transform)

In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.

3) 看到项目顺利完成，那些为此投入了大量时间和精力的人们都感到非常自豪。(invest … in)

Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.

4) 鉴于目前的金融形势，美元进一步贬值(devalue)是不可避免的。(inevitable)

Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.

5) 现在的汽车太多了，这个地区的道路几乎无法应对当前的交通状况。(cope with)

There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.

6) 天气没有出现好转的迹象，所以政府号召我们做好防洪的准备。(show signs of; call upon)

The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.

7) 那场车祸以后爱丽丝十几年卧床不起，所以她的康复真是一个奇迹。(nothing short of)

Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.

8) 这些同学对世界杯十分关注，每天至少花两个小时看比赛的现场直播。(be concerned about; at least)

The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV. 9) 托马斯说他家半个多世纪前就在佛罗里达定居了。(settle in)

Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago. 10) 寻求他人的帮助，别自己一个人扛着。我很早就吸取了这个教训。(tough it out)

Ask for help. Don't tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.

第三小题（P26） 人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们不仅是大自然的居民，也是大自然的改造者。随着社会的进步和经济的发展，人们对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而对其间接的依赖却越来越多。

人类与大自然血肉相连，谁都无法生存于大自然之外。然而，人与自然之间原来存在的动态平衡已经出现崩溃的迹象。人口爆炸、生态失衡、资源匮乏等问题已成为阻碍人类社会进一步发展的主要因素。

斯伯金教授认为，要解决这一问题，人类唯一的选择就是明智地协调好生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系。

Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.

Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.

第二单元 MAN AND TECHNOLOGY

一．TEXTA（P30-35） 课文翻译：

技术与幸福 詹姆斯?萨洛维奇

1 20世纪的美国人、欧洲人和东亚人都享受到了过去历代人都无法想象的物质和技术进步带来的乐趣。譬如，在美国，从1950年到2000年国民生产总值翻了3倍。人们的寿命大幅度提高。二战后生产力的迅速发展使商品变得价廉物美。诸如乘飞机旅游和打长途电话等曾经是奢侈的事情成了生活不可或缺的一部分。尽管美国人工作起来格外卖力，他们照样追求娱乐，并已把传媒和消遣变成了拥有数十亿美元资产的行业。 2 那么，根据大多数标准衡量，你会说，现在的美国人比上个世纪中叶富裕多了。不过，奇怪的是，如果你问美国人有多幸福，你会发现，他们并不比1946年时幸福（1946

年正式开始对幸福状况进行调查）。事实上，那些说自己“非常幸福”的人所占的比例自20世纪70年代以来一直稳中有降——尽管20世纪40年代出生的人的收入在他们的工作生涯中平均增长了116％。你可以在大多数发达国家找到相似的数据。

3 自工业革命开始以来，幸福与技术之间的关系一直是社会批评家和哲学家们长期研究的课题，然而，基本上还没有受到经济学家和社会学家们的关注。经济学家理查德?伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福的关系方面进行了具有开拓性的研究，并于1974年发表了一篇题为“经济增长改变人类命运吗？”的著名论文。伊斯特林表明，就发达国家而言，一个国家的收入和国民的幸福之间没有真正的相互关系。伊斯特林认为，金钱买不到幸福，至少在（金钱）达到了一定程度以后是如此。伊斯特林认为，尽管贫穷与苦难密不可分，但是，一个国家一旦达到稳定的中产接济水平，富有似乎并没有让其国民感到更多的幸福。

4 这好像几乎是一种普遍现象。实际上，研究幸福的学者们最重要的观点之一是：人们对好消息很快便习以为常。拿彩票中奖者为例。一项重要的研究表明，尽管买彩票中奖的人中奖时会感到非常非常幸福，可这种兴奋很快就消逝了。一段时间之后，他们的心情和幸福感与中奖之前没有什么两样。

5 人们对待技术的态度也是一样的：无论一种新事物多么引人注目，也无论它使我们的生活变得多么舒适，人们都认为这是理所当然的事情。在技术世界，你每天都会看到这一原则起作用。曾经一度被视为非常神奇的东西很快就变得习以为常，更糟的是，当这些东西运转不正常时，还会令人沮丧。要把新技术问世之前的情形牢记在心原来是如此困难！

6 那么，我们对技术进步的快速吸收是否意味着技术没有发挥什么作用呢？不，决非如此。不论好歹，这只是把技术影响的问题变得更加复杂。我们先从负面影响谈起。在某些方面，技术显然使得生活更加糟糕了。譬如，我们马上会想到话推销、交通阻塞以及身份资料失窃等情况。这些都是让人们明显意识到不幸福的现象。可是，现代的技术评论文章多半都没有把焦点集中在具体的、有害的技术上，而是集中在了技术对人际关系的影响上。

7 在互联网数据库世界里，隐私变得越来越脆弱。在许多工作场所，诸如按键监控和电话全程录音之类的技术使得对员工的监视变得更加容易。人们对电视的攻击主要集中在以下方面：技术扰乱了人际关系、破坏了社区交往。一些人甚至说，电视是美国人逐

渐相互疏远的罪魁祸首。同样也有人认为，互联网的负面影响进一步使人远离了我们常说的“真实世界”。

8 这种广义上关于技术影响人际关系的批评颇有趣味，尤与幸福的问题相关，因为我们真正有把握说清楚的事情没有几件，但其中之一是：人们的朋友越多，关系越密切，就越幸福。

9 今天的技术变化异常神速，购买某种产品时你就知道，再过几个月，比这个产品性能更好、运作更快的款式就会问世，而你却还得使用旧款式的产品。换句话说，别人买到的产品要比你的好。这种失望感仿佛从开始购买这件产品时就已经存在了。 10 日常生活的压力，一种令人烦恼的失望感、对政府知道你的情况超出你所希望程度的恐惧感——这些显然都是技术降低了人们幸福感的几个方面。然而，技术对人们的幸福感最重要的影响是在医疗保健方面。工业革命以前，每三个欧洲人就有两个的寿命不足30岁。今天，西欧妇女的寿命差不多是80岁，而且还会继续提高。道理很清楚：绝大多数人很乐意活下去，他们在地球上生活的时间越长，感觉就越好。可是，不久前，绝大多数人还过着龌龊不堪、畜生般的生活，而且生命非常短暂。技术改变了这种状况，至少对于富裕国家的人们来说是如此。我们在该为医疗保健费用的提高和没有参加保险的人们的问题而担忧的同时，也应该记住，医疗技术带给我们身体上和精神上的好处是多么有价值。

11 从更深的层次上说，我们在健康和长寿方面所取得的进步却强调了在国家和全球层面讨论幸福问题的一个自相矛盾的说法。即使人们不会更幸福，即使他们更加富裕并拥有更多技术，他们还会像以前那样渴望长寿。这就像那个古老的笑话一样：食品也许并不好，可我们都想让自己得到的那一份尽量大些。

二．选词填空（P46-48）

第一小题（P46） 1) Studies show that if a working environment is pleasant, productivity increases.

2) Private space travel is a relatively new phenomenon. It's difficult at the moment to assess its effects.

3) All of us need to build up relationships with others unless we choose to live in complete isolation from the outside world.

4) Since sending her child to the kindergarten, she has been delighted to see a(n) gradual change in the boy's character; he seems less self-centered now. 5) As an active environmentalist(环境保护主义者), Davis has earned a reputation as an outspoken opponent of any kind of nuclear waste dumping at sea.

6) Quills(羽毛笔) were the chief writing tool from the 6th century until the advent of steel pens in the mid 19th century.

7) Do you think it will ever be possible to alter human genetic code in order to produce the “perfect” human being?

8) In the end her sheer competence and professionalism won universal respect within and out of the government.

9) His political views are rather extreme; I hate to discuss anything with him. 10) The cheap perfume you see on special offer in petrol stations often smells nasty after a couple of hours.

11) The consumer boom of the 1980s led to an explosion of shopping centre development in big cities around the country.

12) You shouldn't use “Yours faithfully” — it's too formal for this kind of personal letter.

13) According to a(n) survey among 1000 residents, garbage collection service in the city is far from satisfactory.

14) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.

15) The technicians are working hard to modify the design of the new car to make it more competitive in the overseas market.

16) In my childhood memories, we were living a(n) rough but happy life, with no luxuries to speak of.

第二小题（P48）

1) The two runners reached the finish line almost at the same time; who came in first was indistinguishable to the naked eye.

2) As a result of the recent financial collapse, many people are stuck with worthless investments.

3) The survey suggests that many college students don't know for certain what kind of job is suitable for them.

4) You can ask him again if you like, but it would make no difference — he will still say no to you.

5) The doctor explained that on average people who don't smoke are healthier than those who do.

6) I'm familiar with the operating system installed on the computer, but when it comes to repairing the machine I don't know a thing.

7) Although peasants in some areas are better off now, those in many other areas still live in poverty.

8) The new staff insisted that opportunities for promotion should be built into the work contract.

9) As they are discussing influential modern artists, three names immediately come to mind.

10) I don't know the exact number, but there are close to three million unemployed at present.

11) Considering the recent storms and landslides, I am certainly not in favor of an outing in this weather.

第三部分翻译

第一小题（P51） 1) 虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍然继续踢足球。(though)

Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 2) 不管你忙不忙，你都要参加毕业典礼。(whether)

You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy. 3) 无论天气多么冷，她都敞着卧室的窗户。(however)

She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is. 4) 即使天气不好，我们也要做一次旅行。(even if / though)

We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.

5) 不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。(no matter who / whoever)

No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law. 6) 这份工作虽然很艰难，但是他们决定接受下来。(as)

Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.

7) 无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为我是错的。(no matter what)

No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I'm wrong.

8) 不管我什么时候问她问题，她似乎都有现成的答案。(whenever / no matter when)

She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question.

第二小题（P52） 1) 他的确懂得很多理论，但是，一碰到实际工作就显得非常无知。 (when it comes to)

He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.nguage

2) 最新调查表明，大多数市民支持政府再建一个新图书馆的计划。(survey)

The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government's plan to build a new library.

3) 这两个国家之所以能够成功地达成科学技术合作协定是因为有利于他们进行合作的好几种因素一直在发挥作用。 (at work)

The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.

4) 我在上小学时就看过那部电影，可就是一时想不起它的名字来。 (come to mind)

I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won't come to mind for the moment.

5) 尽管每天平均工作约12个小时，他仍然陷于重重债务之中。 (on average; be stuck with)

He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.

6) 有必要知道他的身高吗？在我看来，这与他能否成为一个好的律师没有关系。 (not relevant to)

Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.

7) 橱柜被安装到墙里，既节约空间，又使用方便。 (build … into …)

The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.

8) 这些工人挣的钱比我们多，可话又说回来，他们的工作也危险得多。 (the other side of the coin)

These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is more dangerous.

9) 海伦在大学里学的是经济学，与此同时她把哲学作为第二专业来学习。(at the same time)

Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.

10) 重要的是你们要自己发现问题和解决问题，我是否到现场去无关紧要。(make no difference)

What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not. Enhance Your Language Awareness

第三小题（P54） 目前，许多人都享受着过去历代人想象不到的物质和技术进步带来的好处。随着科学技术的发展，人们的生活水平越来越高，寿命也大幅度提高。

然而，奇怪的是，许多人并不感到比以前幸福。可见，人们的收入和幸福并非密切相关，毕竟幸福是金钱买不到的。

尽管大多数人对生活并不十分满意，可还是乐意活着。他们在地球上生活的时间越长，感觉越好。重要的是，仅在物质上富有是不够的，人们还需要精神上的幸福。

Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people's standard of living is getting higher and higher. People's life expectancy has soared, too.

However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people's income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.

Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they'll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.A 第三单元FAME AND SUCCESS 一．TEXTA（P58-61） 课文翻译：

声誉 梅尔文?霍华兹

1 声誉极像一个追逐自己尾巴的动物，抓住了以后除继续穷追不舍外，再也不知道还能做什么。声誉以及随之而来的名气迫使名人陷入穷途末路。真有点讽刺意味，不是吗？ 2 名人有名多因有一技之长，如唱歌、跳舞、绘画、写作等等。成功的表演者展示出一种风格，获得声誉。而且这种声誉常常使这位表演者确信，必须把这种风格发扬光大，因为这就是大众所需要和喜爱的。可是随着时间的推移，如果歌手年复一年地用老调唱老歌，画师画千篇一律的风景或画像，演员反复饰演同一角色，他们势必都会感到厌烦。由于公众的要求，艺人竟变成了自己功名的奴隶。倘若他或她想改变笔调、舞步、唱腔的话，大众就会弃他而去，转而把那飘忽不定的声誉赐予他人，一段时间后再转给他人，这样不停地转下去。

3 一个人有了名誉，就有了名气，就能赢得忠实的追捧者的高度关注，在任何领域都是这样。一个表演者很容易相信，自己的成就当真和新闻报道的一样大。可是大多数人、大多数艺人并没有得到美誉和财富。那些失败的表演者又如何呢？其他任何一个失败者会又如何呢？奇怪的是，对许多人而言，失败往往就是对失败的回报！有些人对你表示怜悯，他们庆幸自己不是你。你的亲朋好友也会降低对你的期望，使你不必去和那些比你有天赋并获得成功的人较量。他们会找出种种借口来解释你不能功成名就的原因：你太敏感了呀；你对金钱没有兴趣呀；你对声誉所能带来的权利不感兴趣呀；因为声望要使你丧失隐私，所以你不感兴趣呀；等等。所有这些都是借口，但对失败者或假装不在意自己失败的人来说，却是安慰。

4 历史充分证明，有些人在一生的某个时刻遭遇失败，的确能激发他们更加努力地追求成功，继续对自己充满信心。美国小说家托马斯?沃尔夫的第一部小说《安琪儿，往

家里看吧！》被退稿39次才得以出版，才使他开始了他的写作生涯并赢得了声誉。贝多芬不屈服于他残暴、专横的父亲，还忍气吞声当过乐师，但终于克服一切，成为世界上最伟大、最著名的音乐家。托马斯?爱迪生10岁左右，还在上四年级的时候就被赶出教室，因为在老师的眼里，他脑子笨，又不乖。以失败为动力，奋发有为，成名成家的例子还有很多。但遗憾的是，对大多数人来说，失败就是奋斗的结束，而不是开始。成名的失败事例即使有，也不多见。

5 那么，人们为什么要追求声誉呢？你追求声誉吗？你希望许多人都知道你、赞赏你吗？你想得到那些往往伴随声誉而来的金钱吗你想要媒体注意你台上台下的一言一行吗？显而易见，在某些领域，出了名就意味着要成为那些不赞同你的人和诸多媒体的抨击目标。声誉把你置于所有的灯光下，一边给你权利和威望，一边把你变得不像你：你必须成为大众心目中的你，而不能是那个真实的你或你可能成为的那个人。但是，为什么人人都追求声誉呢？我想到了以下几个理由：为了在某些方面展示才华；为了赢得他人的敬仰和爱慕；为了成为人人谈论的人物；为了让亲朋好友看到你比他们想象得还要优秀。也许你还能列出其他理由，但我觉得以上这些理由是相当普遍存在的。 6 对那些拼命追求声誉、财富和名望的人们，我想说：祝你们好运。但是当你已经抓住了自己的尾巴，即成功和声誉之后，你打算怎么做呢？一直追逐下去吗？你若确已抓住了尾巴，那就舍命也不要松手。我盼你们不久都功成名就，或近乎功成名就吧！

二．选词填空（P77-78）

第一小题（P77） 1) There are always people who dream of making a(n) fortune from gambling, even though they know the chances are slim.

2) The inventor Thomas Edison was regarded as a(n) dull boy when he was young because he couldn't work out easy mathematical calculations.

3) The police had chased after the robbery suspect for about two days before they finally caught him in a deserted warehouse.

4) The local newspaper has launched a campaign to raise money for the girl who has caught a rare disease.

5) Rock climbing is attractive especially to young people because it is always accompanied with hardship and adventure.

6) The face value of the bill is one dollar, but its intrinsic value is nothing but that of a piece of paper.

7) Having won several championships in international matches recently, he currently ranks second among the world's professional tennis players. 8) There has been a great deal of publicity in the media about the campaign against genetically modified food.

9) The coach was relieved that Michael had recovered sufficiently from his knee injury and he was able to play in the semi-finals next week.

10) He has dropped his old bad-boy image and now portrays himself as something of an angel.

11) Due to its inefficiency, the cable TV company has become a frequent target of criticism from the public these days.

12) A few mirrors can transform a dark room, making it look larger and lighter instantly.

13) Earthquakes had destroyed their houses, so they had no choice but to live temporarily in the tents put up overnight.

14) The argument never ceased as to whether it was fair to cover celebrities' private lives in the mass media.

15) Kelly got a new job as a secretary, but two weeks later she became bored with the endless office chores; so she quit.

16) These two TV programs are both about news or current affairs, but they have attracted very different audiences in the United States.

17) Jane's parents held her in high regard and they supported her decision to be an actress.

18) When the results of the vote were announced, the Prime Minister acknowledged defeat.

19) Scientists are unable to predict with accuracy when and where earthquakes will strike.

第二小题（P78） 1) The teachers felt sorry for Nick, a former straight-A student, because he was thrown out of college in the second year for taking drugs.

2) You can do things for your health in the way of diet, exercise, good lifestyle, and so on.

3) As the ship began to turn to its one side, the horrified passengers all clung on to the other for dear life.

4) Many of the young girls I know set their sights on lofty goals and try very hard to accomplish what they aim at.

5) She quit the well-paid office job since she was tired of doing the same thing day after day and she was eager to try something fresh.

6) The civil administration promises that they would not turn away anyone who comes to the relief centre for help.La

7) If she wants to hang on to her professional reputation she should control her inconsistent emotions.

8) Among us, we would always address him as Your Majesty in his presence. Behind him, we invariably referred to him as Peanut.

9) I'm sorry your tooth is hurting, but you'll have to live with it until we get you to the dentist.

10) This guy likes to exaggerate and is good at nothing but boasting about his “glorious” past.

11) As well as I could make out, she had come for good, and had no intention of ever leaving again.

12) Like so many young graduates before them, they set out to launch their own business after graduation.

13) What if he goes home before us and can't get in? What will he do then? 14) I began to tire of the job of a night watch one week after I was hired.

第三部分 翻译（P82-85） 第一小题（P82） 1) To become a famous writer (成为一个著名作家), Mary studied very hard, though she knew clearly the study of writing would require years of sacrifice on her part.

2) When traveling, you are advised to take traveler's checks (带上旅行支票), which provides a secure alternative to carrying your money in cash.

3) The seemingly simple decision to employ a young engineer (聘用一位年轻的工程师) caused a heated argument among us.

4) It seems that oil has been leaking from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart (把机器拆开) to put it right.

5) To understand the situation completely (完全理解形势) requires more thought than has been given thus far.

6) On leaving school, he became an office boy and, with no ambition to rise higher in position (再升高地位), he simply wasted his time.

7) He arrived at the railway station in a hurry only to find that the train had left 10 minutes before (发现火车已经在10分钟前开走了).

8) Your first contact with an employer will be either to apply for a known job opening (申请一个已知的空缺岗位) or to find out if any jobs are available. 9) There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means to make trouble (找麻烦).

10) To be more exact (更确切地说), there are 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter what he does.

第二小题（P84） 1) 他试图拯救这家濒临倒闭的企业，但失败了。 (attempt to)

He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.

2) 总统已经宣布，在第一个任期结束时不再谋求连任。 (seek)

The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.

3) 那个年轻教师在激发学生努力学习方面很有技巧。 (motivate)

The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard. 4) 她喜欢举行社交聚会，只要能找到借口，她就随时举办。 (find an excuse)

She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse. 5) 要在这家公司找到一个管理职位，你恐怕至少要和50个人竞争。(compete with)

I'm afraid that you'll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.

6) 他们把自己的生活搞得一团糟的一个主要原因就是他们年轻时没有接受很好的学校教育。(mess up their lives)

One of the main reasons why they have messed up their lives is that they did not have a good school education when young.

7) 玛丽已经很出名了，但是她根本不幸福，因为她一直被更加出名的念头困扰着。(be obsessed with)

Mary is already famous, but she is not happy at all because she's been obsessed with thoughts of becoming even more famous.

8) 随着科技的发展，人们现在能够轻易而举地获得教育、医疗和其他多种信息。(have access to)

With the development of science and technology, people now can have easy access to educational, medical and many other kinds of information.

9) 公司的投资之所以以失败告终是由于总经理的决策错误，于是董事会(board of directors)决定把他从公司赶出去。 (throw out)

The company's investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out. 10) 我知道你累了，不过再坚持一会儿吧。再过半个小时我们就要到达顶峰了。 (hang on; peak)

I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.

第三小题（P85） 许多人都想出名，因为声誉能带给他们公众的赞扬和敬意。在大多数情况下，声誉还会帮助名人获取财富。可是，真正能够成名的人毕竟是少数，而大多数人，包括大多数艺术家，出名的可能性都不大。

诚然，有些人在一生中某些时刻遭遇的失败的确能激发他们更加努力奋斗，从而取得最终成功。譬如，美国发明家托马斯·爱迪生在发明电灯泡时，就是在尝试了几百种材料之后才最终找到适用于灯泡的熔丝(fuse)的。然而，遗憾的是，对于大多数人来说，失败往往就是他们奋斗的结束。

所以，在我看来，成功是一回事，出名是另一回事。不管你是否出名，只要你尽力了，你就算成功了。

Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.

It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle. Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you're already successful whether you are famous or not.

第四单元WORK AND CAREER

一．TEXTA（P90-93） 课文翻译：

工作、劳动和玩耍 威斯坦?H?奥登

1 就我所知，汉娜 ?阿伦特小姐是界定工作和劳动之间本质区别的第一人。一个人要想快乐，第一要有自由感，第二要确信自己有价值。如果社会迫使一个人去做他自己不喜欢的事，或者说，他所喜欢做的事被社会忽视，看作没有价值或不重要，那他就不会真正快乐。在一个严格意义上已废除奴隶制的社会里，一个人做的事情是否具有社会价值取决于他是否为完成此项工作得到了报酬。然而，今天的劳动者可以被称为名副其实的工资奴隶。如果社会给一个人提供一份他本人不感兴趣的工作，他出于养家糊口的需要不得已才从事这项工作，那这个人就是一个劳动者。

2 与劳动相对的是玩耍。玩游戏时，我们能从中得到乐趣，否则就不会玩这个游戏。但这完全是一种私人的活动，我们玩不玩这个游戏社会是不会关注的。

3 处在劳动和玩耍之间的是工作。如果一个人对社会为他支付报酬的工作感兴趣，他就是一个工作者。从社会角度看是必需的劳动在他自己看来却是自愿的玩耍。一个职位是劳动还是工作，并不取决于这个职位本身，而是取决于占据这个职位的个人自己的情趣。这种差异与体力劳动和脑力劳动之间的差异并不吻合。譬如，一个园丁或者皮匠也许就是一个工作者，而一个银行职员则可能是一个劳动者。一个人是工作者还是劳动者可以从他对闲暇的态度上看出来。对于一个工作者来说，闲暇不过是他需要放松、休息从而进行有效工作的几个小时，所以，他可能只有少量的闲暇，而不会有大量的空闲。工作者可能会死于心脏病，并会忘记自己妻子的生日。而对于劳动者来说，闲暇就意味着摆脱强制，所以，他自然会想象：他不得不花费在劳动上的时间越少，而自由自在地玩耍的时间越多，那才越好。

4 在一个现代化的技术社会里，总人口中有多大比例的人能够像我一样有幸成为工作者呢？我估计大概有16％，而且，我认为这个数字将来也不会增加。

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