非谓语动词(配2011年高考非谓语动词真题及答案)

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七、非谓语动词

在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个：一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。

非谓语语法功能的比较

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只接不定 式 做宾语的 动词 只接动名 词 做宾语的 动词或短 语

hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指 具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为) need, want, require(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关 系，接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形 式) stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember/forget/regret to go on to do(接着做另外一 do(指动作尚未发生) 件事) remember/forget/regret go on doing(接着做同一件 doing(指动作已经发生) 事) try to do(设法，努力去做，尽 mean to do(打算做，企图 力) 做) try doing(试试去做，看有何结 mean doing (意思是，意味 果) 着) can’t help (to) do(不能帮 be considered to have 忙做) done 被认为已经做了 can’t help doing(忍不住要做) consider…to be 认为是 consider doing 考虑做某事

意义 基本 相同 意义 相反 两 者 都 可 以 意义 不同

做宾补的非谓语动词比较 分 与宾语的逻辑关系及 常见动词 例 句 类 时间概念 ask, beg, 不定 expect, get, 主谓关系， 强调动作将 I asked

to be sent to 式 order, tell, want, 发生或已经完成 the countryside. wish, encourage I heard him call me

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注意：the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥

非谓语动词高考考点

【考点一】不定式作状语

不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。

1．不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。

To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。

2．不定式用于so...as to ...，such...as to；enough to；too...to；only to等结构中作结果状语。

Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?

你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？

He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.

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他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。

He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.

他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。

专家提醒：“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell 和主语He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。

His parents died，leaving him an orphan.

他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。

【经典考题】

1. There were many talented actors out there just waiting________.

A．to discover B．to be discovered

C．discovered D．being discovered

2． —Why are the students working so hard these days.

—________ready for the coming entrance examination.

A．To get B．Get

C．Getting D．Got

3． With Father’s Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.

A．buy B．to buy

C．buying D．to have bought

【考点二】过去分词作状语

1．过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。

Given the right kind of training，these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.

如果得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。

Reminded not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.

得到提醒不要错过15∶20的航班 ，他匆忙出发过了机场。

2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。

Lost in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。

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Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.

专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。

【经典考题】

1. ________from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.

A．Seen B．Seeing

C．Having seen D．To see

2． Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one.

A．comparing B．compares

C．to compare D．compared

【考点三】现在分词作状语

1．动词的ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。

Being ill，he couldn’t go to school.

因为生病，他不能去上学。(原因)

My car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.

我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。(结果)

As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not moving，and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴随)

当交通路灯变绿灯时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问要做什么事。

2．现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not 构成。

一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；

被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；

完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；

完成被动式(having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。 Not having received a reply，he decided to write again.

没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。

The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work 与句子的主语The old man之间存在主谓关系，而且work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)

在国外工作了二十年，这位老人回到了祖国。

Having been scolded many times，he determined to study hard to catch up with others.

多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上他人。

3．有一些固定结构，如：generally speaking，taking everything into consideration，judging from/by等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。

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Taking everything into consideration，the result is better than expected. 把一切因素考虑进去，结果比预料的要好。

Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.

从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。

4．现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。

Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see 与主语the park之间存在动宾关系) Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)

【经典考题】

1. Dina，________for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.

A．struggling B．struggled

C．having struggled D．to struggle

2． ________at my classmates’ faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.

A．Looking B．Look

C．To look D．Looked

3． ________a written permission，he had to write another letter to the president of the university.

A．Not giving B．Not having been given

C．Having not given D．Having not been given

【考点四】非谓语动词作定语

1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。

There are two roads before us，one leading to the beach，the other to the park.

在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。

2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。

For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm. 早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。

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3．动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。

We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.

我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。

【经典考题】

1. I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems________.

A．remaining to settle B．remaining to be settled

C．remained to talk about D．to remain to discuss

2． Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one ________ first is the library.

A．repaired B．being repaired

C．repairing D．to be repaired

【考点五】非谓语动词作宾补

1．过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。

I’ll have my house painted tomorrow.

明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被动)

When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。

2．现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。

They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。

【经典考题】

1. Listen！Do you hear someone ________ for help?

A．calling B．call C．to call D．called

2． Alexander tried to get his work ________in the medical circles.

A．to recognize B．recognizing

C．recognize D．recognized

3． It’s wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt ________with him.

A．to protected B．protected

C．protecting D．to be protected

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【 考点六】have, get后接三种形式作宾补

have，get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have，get表示“使、让、叫”之意。

1．have sth. done＝get sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事) I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.

我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。

Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.

2. have/get sb. /sth. doing 使某人/物持续做某事

注意： have sb. doing 若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.

我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。

3. have sb. do sth. 叫某人做某事

【经典考题】

1． I have a lot of readings ________before the end of this term.

A．completing B．to complete

C．completed D．being completed

2． With the world changing fast，we have something new ________ with all by ourselves every day.

A．deal B．dealt

C．to deal D．dealing

3． Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers ________to her mother on her birthday.

A．send B．sent

C．sending D．being sent

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非谓语动词高考真题练习

1. The next thing he saw was smoke __________ from behind the house.

A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen

2. The island, __________ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.

A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined

3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _________ nothing about the argument.

A. says B. said C. to say D. saying

4. It’s important for the figures ________ regularly.

A. to be updated B. to have been updated

C. to update D. to have updated

5. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet.

A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept

6. Passengers are permitted __________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the

plane.

A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried

7. __________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different

word order.

A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated

8. Lydia doesn’t feel like _________ abroad. Her parents are old.

A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study

9. Simon made a big bamboo box ______ the little sick bird till it could fly.

A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep

10. _________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become

famous.

A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer

11. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced

__________ people’s concern over food safety.

A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised

12. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of

his own dreams.

A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind

13. The ability _________ an idea is as important as the idea itself.

A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed

14. The players ______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this

summer game.

A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected

15. Do you wake up every morning ________ energetic and ready to start a new day?

A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt

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非谓语动词2011年高考真题答案

1-5 BCDAB 6-10 ABBDC 11-15 ACCCC

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