一般将来时和一般过去时知识点及练习

一般将来时

A、概念 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。 B、一般将来时的形式

●will 常简略为 'll，并与主语连写在一起，如：I'll，he'll，it'll，we'll，you'll，they'll。

●一般疑问句如用Will you?？其简略答语须是Yes，I will或 No，I will not；如用 Shall you?？（较少见）其简略答语须是 Yes，I shall．或 No， I shall not．。 C、一般将来时的用法

1）表示将来的动作或状态

一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周）， from now on（从现在开始）；in the future（将来）等。

2）表示将来经常发生的动作。

一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成”外，还有以下几种形式。

1）“to be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如： ①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 ②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。

2）go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作，例如： I'm leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。

3）“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如： ①Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗？

②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。

4）“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。例如： We are about to leave.我们马上就走。

5）某些词，如come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay 等的一般现在时也可表示将来。

①The meeting starts at five o'clock.会议五点开始。 ②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车 D、一般将来时特点

1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3)be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

E、一般将来时常见用法

1、表示将要发生的动作。例如：I shall go to see a friend this evening. 2、shall用于第一人称作主语的问句里，表示征求对方的意见或询问情况。例如：Shall I open the door?

3、will用于第二人称的问句里，征求对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令。例如：Will you please read the word?

4、be going to打算、准备做某事或即将发生的事。例如：We are going to plant trees.这种时态由be的将来时形式+现在分词构成。如主语为第一人称，除在疑问句外will要比shall更常用.可用做一般进行时；也可表示不含意图又未发生的动作。

5、be to do按计划安排要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如：When is the swimming pool to open?

6、be going在go,come,leave,stay等按计划安排要发生的事中。这些动词经常具有趋向性。例如：They are leaving here tomorrow.

F be going to 和will 区别

be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别： 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. 在下列情况下用will: 1.根据说话者的见解和观点对未来作出预言时 I think Smiley will make a good footballer. Smith will beat Patterson with a knock-out in the second round. 2.在说话时突然作出

的决定时，一般用will的缩约式’ll I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed. — Come to supper. — OK, thanks. I’ll bring a bottle. 3.表示意图、提议、许诺、自愿做某事或坚持做某事时 —There’s the door-bell. — I’ll go. I will stop smoking— I really will! 4.表示请求和邀请时 Will you give me a hand? Will you come in and have a drink? 5.表示命令或威胁时 You will start work at six o’clock. I’ll beat you if you do that again. 6.表示习惯和规律时 She will greet me when she meets me. Man will die. 在下列情况下用be going to 1.根据现在所见，预计不久肯定会发生的事情时 Look!—it’s going to rain! The car is going to turn over. 2.谈及打算或事先决定了的事情时 What are you going to be when you grow up? —Why have you torn the paper into pieces? —I am going to rewrite it. 一般过去时态

A、概念表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago（刚才），just now（刚才）， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。 如： I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡觉。 B、动词过去式的构成规律(一)规则动词的过去式

1、一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed；如：look→looked play→played； 2、以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d；如：live→lived use→used； 3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed；如：study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

4、以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。如：stop→stopped plan→planned；

(二)不规则动词的过去式（后附不规则动词变化表） 1、改变动词中的元音；

begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran

know→knew win→won

speak→spoke

take→took

write→wrote get→got

2、变词尾的–d 为–t ； build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

3、与动词原形一样； cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词)； say→said pay→paid lay→laid

5、采用不同词根；sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought 6、其他。如：am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did C、句式变化（一）一般过去时的一般疑问句

1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was?？引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes，… was. 否定回答为：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were?？引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes，… were. 否定回答为：No，… weren’t. 如：

（1）I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai? →Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答) （2）They were in Li Yan’s home last night. →Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

2、在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, ?did. 否定回答：No, ?didn’t. 如：

John played computer games last night. →Did John play computer games last night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答) D一般过去时的否定句

1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。 如：（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.

(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.

2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t + 动词原形。如： （1）She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night. (2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.

F 一般过去式的特殊疑问句

1.What did ? ?（主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。）

We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night? 2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。) They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning. →Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?

3.Who + 动词过去式 ? ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。) Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend. →Who climbed mountains last weekend? G、句子结构

1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。如：

（1）I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 （2）We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。

2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。如： I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。 3．各种句式

（1）一般过去时的肯定陈述句： 主语 ＋ 动词过去式 ＋ 宾语或表语。

He worked in Shanghai ten years ago. （2）一般过去时的否定句：

a．主语 ＋ didn’t ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 宾语。 (did + not = didn't)

He didn't do morning exercises yesterday. b．主语 ＋ wasn’t/weren’t ＋表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)

He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago. （3）一般过去时的一般疑问句：

a．Did ＋ 主语 ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 宾语 ？

Did you study English in 1990 ? b．Was/Were + 主语 ＋ 表语 ？

Was he a pupil five years ago ? （4）一般过去时的特殊疑问句：

a．特殊疑问词 ＋ did + 主语 ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 宾语？

Where did your parents live five years ago？ What did you do last Sunday？ b．特殊疑问词 ＋ were/was ＋ 表语？

Who was at the zoo yesterday? 几种时态的构成汇总

一、名词复数的变化规律

1、规则变化

1) 一般情况直接在词尾加-s . 如：chair—chairs；apple—apples；grape—grapes；desk—desks等。

2）以s、sh、ch、x等结尾的词加–es .如：bus—buses；watch—watches；box—boxes；brush—

brushes等。

3）以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y 为i 再加es，baby—babies；city—cities；family—families等。 4）以f或fe结尾的将f或fe直接换成ves. 如：knife—knives；thief—thieves；shelf—shelves等。

2、不规则变化

1）没有规律的变化。如：child—children；foot—feet；tooth—teeth；mouse—mice；woman—women等。

2）单复同形。如：deer—deer；sheep—sheep；fish—fish；yuan—yuan；tofu—tofu；pork—pork等。

3）以o结尾的名词有的加es有的加s. 如：potato—potatoes；tomato—tomatoes；Hero—heroes等。

二、动词第三人称单数的变化规则

1）直接在动词后+s. 如：like—likes；play—plays；read—reads；get—gets；help—helps；ski—skis等。

2）以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的动词：+es. 如：wash—washes；wacth—watches；teach—teaches；brush—brushes等。

3）以辅音+o接尾的动词：+es. 如：go—goes；do—does等。

4）以辅音+y接尾的动词：变y为i+es. 如：fly—flies；study —studies；carry—carries；sky—skies等。

末尾字母y前为元音字母的，直接在动词后面加-s. 如：play—plays；say—says等。 5）特殊变化。如：be—is；have—has等。这些没有规律，需要加强记忆。

三、动词现在分词-ing形式的构成

1）一般情况在动词原形后加-ing . 如：go—going；stand—standing；climb—climbing等。 2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing. 如：write—writing；hope—hoping；care—caring等。 3）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing. 如：die—dying，tie—tying等。 4）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后一个字母需要重复. 如：run—running； stop—stopping；hop—hopping；plan—planning；star—starring；get—getting等. 但辅音x是个例外，无需重复（x其实起着两个辅音的作用）。如：tax—taxing，relax—relaxing等。 5）以-ee，-oe，-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e. 如：see—seeing；hoe—hoeing；eye—eyeing等。

6）以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing. 如：sue—suing；imbue—imbuing；rue—ruing等。

7）以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing. 如：frolic—frolicking；panic—panicking；mimic—mimicking；picnic—picnicking；traffic—trafficking等。

四、人称代词的变化形式 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 第一 人称 第二 人称 第 三 单数 复数 单数 复数 单 数 I我 we我们 you你 you你们 he他 she她 me我 us我们 you你 you你们 him他 her她 my我的 our我们的 your你的 your你们的 his他的 her她的 mine我的 ours我们的 yours你的 yours你们的 his他的 hers她的 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己 himself他自己 herself她自己 人 称 it它 复 数 they（他/ 她/它）们 it它 them(他/ 她/它)们 its它的 their (他/她/它）们的 五、动词的过去式变化 its它的 theirs (他/她/它）们的 itself它自己 themselves 他们自己 1、规则变化

1）一般情况下，在动词词尾直接加-ed. 如：work—worked；piay—played；want—wanted；act—acted等。

2）以不发音的-e 结尾动词，在动词词尾加-d. 如：live—lived；move—moved；decide—decided等。

3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed. 如：study—studied；try—tried；cry--cried 等。

4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 –ed, 如：stop—stopped；beg—begged； fret—fretted；drag—dragged；drop—dropped；plan—planned；dot—dotted；drip—dripped 等。

2、不规则变化的动词有很多，规律性不强，需要加强记忆。

三．巩固练习。

( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.

A. will be going to B. will going to C. is going to be D. will go to be

( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.

A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work

( ) 3.He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin (海豚)show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5.–______you ______free tomorrow?– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.

A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will

C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be

( ) 6.Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give

( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ it for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?

A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as（一…就） he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days.

A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back

( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see his grandparents tomorrow?– No, ________ （不去）.

A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t D. they don’t.

( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.

A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing

( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.

A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go

( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.

A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.

A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have

( ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be

( ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.A. will B. is C. will be D. be

( ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrowC. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows

( ) 25. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon?–________ （好的）. A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will .C. No, please. D. No, you won’t. ( ) 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year.

A. is going to be B. is going to C. will being D. will is ( ) 27. ________ open the window?

A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you

( ) 28. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we? – OK. I ________. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming ( ) 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend ( ) 30. The train ________ at 11.

A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving

2、动词填空。

. I ______（leave）in a minute..

. —How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?

—I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.

—What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here? —I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/6hn2.html