英国岩土勘察原文及中文译本

Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

目录

Foreword (1)

前言 (1)

Section one. General (2)

第一部分总则 (2)

1. Scope (2)

1.适用范围 (2)

2. References (3)

2.参考文献 (4)

Section two. General considerations (4)

第二部分场地勘察应考虑的基本事项 (4)

3. Primary objects of site investigation (4)

3.场地勘察的基本目的 (4)

4. General procedure (5)

4.一般步骤 (5)

4. 1 Extent and sequence of investigation (5)

4.1勘察的范围和顺序 (5)

4.1.1 General. The extent of the investigation depends primarily upon the magnitude

and nature of the proposed works and the nature of the site. (5)

4.1.1总则勘察的范围取决的待建项目的规模和特征以及场地的状态。 (5)

4.1.2 Adjacent property (5)

4.1.2邻近建筑 (6)

4.2 Desk study． (6)

4.2 资料的收集与分析 (6)

4.3 Site reconnaissance (7)

4.3场地踏勘 (7)

4.4 Detailed examination and special studies (see also appendix D). (7)

4.4详细勘察和专题研究（见附录D） (7)

4.5 Construction and performance appraisal (8)

4.5施工与作业质量评估 (8)

5. Earlier uses and state of site (8)

5．场地使用的历史和现状态 (8)

5.1 General (8)

5.1总则 (8)

5.2 Underground mining (8)

5.2地下开采 (8)

5.3 Opencast mining (9)

5.3露天开采 (9)

5.4 Quarry operations (9)

5.4采场运营 (9)

5.5 Waste tips (9)

5.5尾矿 (9)

5.6 Industrial complexes (9)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

5.6 工业布局 (9)

5.7 Other earlier use (9)

5.7其他的早期使用 (10)

5.8 Ancient monuments (10)

5.8古遗迹 (10)

6. Aerial photographs (10)

6.航片 (10)

6.1 General (10)

6.1总则 (10)

6.2 Topographical mapping (10)

6.2地形测绘 (11)

6.3 Identification of features (11)

6.3地貌识别 (11)

6.4 Sophisticated techniques (12)

6.4复杂技术 (12)

Section three. Ground investigation (12)

第三部分地基勘察 (12)

7. Introduction (12)

7. 引言 (12)

7.1 Objects (12)

7.1勘察目的 (12)

7.2 Planning and control (13)

7.2规划与控制 (14)

8. Types of ground investigation (15)

8. 地基勘察类型 (15)

8.1 Sites for new works (15)

8.1 新建工程场地 (15)

8.2 Defects or failures of existing works (16)

8.2已有工程的破坏与缺陷 (16)

8.3 Safety of existing works (16)

8.3 已有工程的安全性 (16)

8.3.1 Effect of new works upon existing works (16)

8.3.1新建工程对已有工程的影响 (16)

8.3.2 Kinds of effects (17)

8.3.2 影响类型 (17)

8.3.3 Procedure (18)

8.3.3评价步骤 (18)

8.4 Material for constructional purposes (18)

8.4建筑材料 (18)

9. Geological mapping for ground investigation (19)

9.地基勘察中的地质填图 (19)

10. Extent of the ground investigation (20)

10. 地基勘察的范围 (20)

10.1 General (20)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

10.1总则 (20)

10.2 Character and variability of the ground (21)

10.2 地基土的性质与变异性 (21)

10.3 Nature of the Project (21)

10.3项目性质 (21)

10.4 Trial pits (22)

10.4探井 (22)

10.5 Location (22)

10.5勘察范围 (22)

10.6 Spacing (23)

10.6勘探点间距 (23)

10.7 Depth Of exploration (23)

10.7勘探深度 (23)

10.7.1 General (23)

10.7.1总则 (23)

10.7.2 Foundation for structures (24)

10.7.2建筑物基础型式 (24)

10.7.3 Embankment (26)

10.7.3 土石坝工程 (26)

10.7.4 Cuttings, quarries and opencast mines (26)

10.7.4 挖方、取土场与露天开采工程 (26)

10.7.5 Roads and airfields (26)

10.7.5 道路和机场工程 (26)

10.7.6 Pipelines (27)

10.7.6 管道工程 (27)

10.7.7 Maritime works (27)

10.7.7 海事工程 (27)

10.7.8 Tunnels (27)

10.7.8隧道工程 (27)

11. General considerations in the selection of methods of ground investigation (27)

11. 选择地基勘察方法的一般注意事项 (27)

11.1 Introduction (27)

11.1 引言 (27)

11.2 Site considerations (28)

11.2 场地注意事项 (28)

12. The effect of ground conditions on the selection of methods of ground investigation (29)

12. 地质条件对地基勘察方法选择的影响 (29)

12.1 Introduction (29)

12.1 引言 (29)

12.2 Non-cohesive soils containing boulders, cobbles or gravel (29)

12.2 含块石、漂石和砾石的无粘性土 (29)

12.3 Sand (31)

12.3 砂土 (31)

12.4 Silt (32)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

12.4 粉土 (32)

12.5 Normally consolidated and lightly over consolidated clay (33)

12.5 正常固结和轻微超固结粘土 (33)

12.6 Over-consolidated clays (33)

12.6超固结粘土 (33)

12.7 Clay containing gravel, cobbles or boulders (34)

12.7 含块石、漂石和砾石的粘土 (34)

12.8 Made ground (35)

12.8 人工填土 (35)

12.9 Rock (36)

12.9岩石 (36)

12.10 Discontinuities (38)

12.10 结构面 (38)

13 Aggressive ground and ground water (39)

13 地基土与地下水的侵蚀性 (39)

13.1 Introduction (39)

13.1 引言 (39)

13.2 Investigation of potential deterioration of concrete (39)

13.2 混凝土潜在恶化勘察 (39)

13.3 Investigation of potential corrosion of metals (39)

13.3 金属的电位腐蚀调查 (39)

13.4 Investigation of made g round containing industrial waste products (40)

13.4 含工业废弃物的人工填土勘察 (40)

14 Ground investigations over water (40)

14 水上地基勘察 (40)

14.1 Introduction (40)

14.1 引言 (40)

14.2 Stages and platforms (41)

14.2 阶段和平台 (41)

14.3 Floating craft (42)

14.3 漂浮工艺 (42)

14.4 Working between high and low tide levels (43)

14.4 高低潮水位之间的工作 (43)

14.5 Setting-out and locating borehole positions. (43)

14.5 钻孔定位 (43)

14.6 Determination of reduced level of bed and strata boundaries. (43)

14.6 水底与地层边界的测定 (43)

15 Personnel for ground Investigation (44)

15 地基勘察的人员组织 (44)

15.1 Introduction (44)

15.1 引言 (44)

15.2 Direction, planning and execution (44)

15.2 指导、规划和执行 (44)

15.3 Supervision in the field (44)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

15.3 现场监理 (44)

15. 4 The logging of excavations and boreholes and the describing of soils and rocks .. 45

15.4 坑槽探和钻孔编录与岩土体描述 (45)

15.5 Laboratory work (46)

15.5 实验室工作 (46)

15.6 Interpretation (46)

15.6 解译 (46)

15.7 Field technicians (46)

15.7 现场技术员 (46)

15.8 Operatives (47)

15.8 技术工人 (47)

15. 8.1 Drillers (47)

15.8.1 钻工 (47)

15.8.2 Operators of excavating plant (47)

15.8.2 坑槽探工 (47)

16 Review during construction (47)

16 施工编录与验证 (47)

16.1 Introduction (47)

16.1 引言 (47)

16.2 Purpose (47)

16.2 目的 (47)

16.3 Information required (48)

16.3 所需资料 (48)

16.3.1 Soil and rock (48)

16.3.1 岩土 (48)

16.3.2 Water (49)

16.3.2 水 (49)

16.4 Instrumentation (see also 31.2) (49)

16.4 监测仪器 (49)

Section four. Excavation, boring, sampling, probing and tests in boreholes (50)

第四部分坑槽探、钻探、取样和钻孔测试 (50)

17 Introductions (50)

17 引言 (50)

18 Excavations and boreholes (51)

18 坑槽探与钻孔 (51)

18.1 Shallow trial pits (51)

18.1 浅探井 (51)

18.2 Deep trial pits and shafts (52)

18.2 深探井与探坑 (52)

18.3 Headings (adits) (53)

18.3 巷道（平洞） (53)

18.4 Hand auger boring (53)

18.4 手工钻孔 (53)

18.5 Light cable percussion boring (53)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

18.5 冲击钻孔 (53)

18.6 Mechanical augers (54)

18.6 机钻 (54)

18.7 Rotary open hole drilling and rotary core drilling (55)

18.7回转钻孔和回转取芯钻孔 (55)

18.8 Wash boring and other methods (57)

18.8 冲洗钻进和其它方法 (57)

18.8.1 Wash boring (57)

18.8.1 冲洗钻进 (57)

18.8.2 Other methods of boring (57)

18.8.2 其它钻孔方法 (57)

18.9 Backfilling excavations and boreholes (58)

18.9 坑槽和钻孔回填 (58)

19 Sampling the ground (58)

19 取样 (58)

19.1 General principles (58)

19.1 一般原则 (58)

19.2 Sample quality (59)

19.2 试样质量 (59)

19.3 Disturbed samples from boring tools or from excavating equipment (61)

19.3从钻具和挖掘设备中取得扰动样品 (61)

19.4 open-tube samplers (62)

19.4 开口取样器 (62)

19.4.1 Principles of design (62)

19.4.1设计原理 (62)

19.4.1.1 General (62)

19.4.1.1 总则 (62)

19.4.1.2 The cutting shoe (63)

19.4.1.2 取样器 (63)

19.4.1.3 Wall friction (63)

19.4.1.3 侧壁摩阻力 (63)

19.4.1.4 Non-return valve (63)

19.4.1.4 单向阀 (63)

19.4.2 Sampling procedure (64)

19.4.2 取样步骤 (64)

19.4.3 Thin-walled samplers (65)

19.4.3 薄壁取样器 (65)

19.4.4 General purpose 100mm diameter open-tube sampler (65)

19.4.4 一般目的的100mm直径的开口取样器 (65)

19.4.5 split-barrel standard penetration test sampler (66)

19.4.5 活瓣式标贯取样器 (66)

19.5 Thin-walled stationary piston sampler (66)

19.5 薄壁静压取样器 (66)

19.6 Continuous soil sampling (66)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

19.6 连续取样 (66)

19 6.1 General (66)

19.6.1 总则 (66)

19.6.2 The Delft continuous sampler (67)

19.6.2 代夫特连续取样器 (67)

19.7 Sand samplers (68)

19.7 砂土取样器 (68)

19.8 Rotary core samples (68)

19.8 旋转岩芯取样 (68)

19.9 Block samples (69)

19.9 块样 (69)

19.10 Handling and labelling of samples (70)

19.10 样品处理与标签 (70)

19.10.1 General (70)

19.10.1 总则 (70)

19.10.2 Labelling (70)

19.10.2 贴标签 (70)

19.10.3 Disturbed samples of soil and hand specimens of rock (71)

19.10.3扰动土样和岩石的手工标本 (71)

19.10.4 Samples taken with a tube sampler (72)

19.10.4 用钻孔取样器获得的样品 (72)

19.10.5 Rotary core extrusion and preservation (73)

19.10.5 旋转岩芯的获取与保存 (73)

19.10.6 Block samples (75)

19.10.6 块样 (75)

20 Ground water (75)

20 地下水 (75)

20.1 General. (75)

20.1 总则 (75)

20.2 Methods of determining ground water pressures (76)

20.2 确定地下水位的方法 (76)

20.2.1 Response time (76)

20.2.1 响应时间 (76)

20.2.2 Observations in boreholes and excavation (76)

20.2.2 钻孔与坑槽探井中的量测 (76)

20.2.3 Standpipe piezometers (77)

20.2.3 测压管水位计 (77)

20.2.4 Hydraulic piezometers (78)

20.2.4 水力渗压计 (78)

20.2.5 Electrical piezometers (78)

20.2.5 电测渗压仪 (78)

20.2.6 Pneumatic piezometers (79)

20.2.6 气压渗压计 (79)

20.2.7 Installation of piezometers (79)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

20.2.7 渗压计的安装 (79)

20.2.8 Varying ground water pressures (80)

20.2.8 地下水压力变化 (80)

20.3 Ground water samples (81)

20.3 地下水水样 (81)

21 Tests in boreholes (81)

21 钻孔测试 (81)

21.1 General (81)

21.1 总则 (81)

21.2 Standard penetration test (82)

21.2 标准贯入试验 (82)

21.2.1 General principles (82)

21.2.1 一般原理 (82)

21.2.2 Preparation for carrying out test (83)

21.2.2 试验准备 (83)

21.2.3 Advantages and limitations. (83)

21.2.3 优点和局限性 (83)

21.2.4 Interpretation (84)

21.2.4 解释 (84)

21.3 Vane test (84)

21.3 十字板试验 (84)

21.3.1 General principles (84)

21.3.1 一般原理 (84)

21.3.2 Advantages and limitations (85)

21.3.2 优点与局限性 (85)

21.4 Permeability (86)

21.4 渗透试验 (86)

21.4.1 General principles (86)

21.4.1 一般原理 (86)

21.4.2 Preparation for carrying out the test (86)

21.4.2 试验准备 (86)

21.4.3 Variable head test (87)

21.4.3 变水头试验 (87)

21.4.4 Constant head test (88)

21.4.4 常水头试验 (88)

21.4.5 Analysis of results (88)

21.4.5 结果分析 (88)

21.4.6 Formulae for borehole permeability ten (88)

21.4.6 钻孔渗透试验计算公式 (88)

21.4.7 Advantages and limitations (91)

21.4.7 优点与局限性 (91)

21.5 Packer test (93)

21.5 吕荣试验 (93)

21.5.1 General principles (93)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

21.5.1 一般原理 (93)

21.5.2 Packers (94)

21.5.2 试验设备 (94)

21.5.3 Application and measurement of pressure (94)

21.5.3压力水头的量测与应用 (94)

21.5.4 Measurement of flow (95)

21.5.4 测量量测 (95)

21.5.5 Execution of test (95)

21.5.5 试验实施 (95)

21.5.6 Recording of results and calculating permeability (96)

21.5.6 结果记录与渗透系数计算 (96)

21.6 Plate tests. (96)

21.6平板载荷试验 (96)

21.6.1 General (96)

21.6.1 总则 (96)

21.6.2 Limitation (97)

21.6.2 局限性 (97)

21.6.3 Preparation (97)

21.6.3 准备 (97)

21.6.4 Bedding of the plate (98)

21.6.4 承压板基床 (98)

21.6.4.1 Large diameter boreholes (98)

21.6.4.1 大口径钻孔 (98)

21.6.4.2 Small diameter boreholes (98)

21.6.4.2 小口径钻孔 (98)

21.6.5 Application and measurement of load (98)

21.6.5 荷载施加与量测 (98)

21.6.6 Measurement of deflection (98)

21.6.6 变形量测 (98)

21.6.7 Execution of test (99)

21.6.7 试验实施 (99)

21.6.8 Use of the test (99)

21.6.8 试验结果的利用 (99)

21.6.8.1 Large diameter borehole (99)

21.6.8.1大口径钻孔 (99)

21.6.8.2 Small diameter borehole (99)

21.6.8.2 小口径钻孔 (99)

21.6.9 Supplementary tes (99)

21.6.9 补充试验 (99)

21.7 Pressuremeter tests (100)

21.7 旁压试验 (100)

22 Frequency of sampling and testing in boreholes (101)

22 钻孔取样与测试频率 (101)

22.1 General principles (101)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

22.1 一般原理 (101)

22.2 Determination of character and structure of the strata (102)

22.2 地层结构与特征的确定 (102)

22.3 The determination of stratal properties using equipment normally available for

sampling and testing (103)

22.3利用常规取样及试验设备确定地层性质 (103)

22.4 Double-hole sampling (104)

22.4 双重管取样器 (104)

22.5 Special techniques of sampling and testing (105)

22.5 取样与测试中的特殊设备 (105)

23 Probing and penetration testing (106)

23 探测与贯入试验 (106)

23.1 General (106)

23.1 总则 (106)

23.2 Dynamic probing (106)

23.2 动力触探 (106)

23.3 Static probing or cone penetration test (107)

23.3静力探测或者圆锥动力触探试验 (107)

23.3.1 General (107)

23.3.1 总则 (107)

23.3.2 Mechanical Dutch cone penetrometer (108)

23.3.2 机械式荷兰锥形贯入度计 (108)

23.3.3 Electrical Dutch cone penetrometer (109)

23.3.3 电动式荷兰锥形贯入度仪 (109)

23.3.4 Principal dimensions, accuracy of measurement and rate of penetration (110)

23.3.4 主要尺寸、量测精度及贯入速率 (110)

23.3.5 Uses and limitations of the test (110)

23.3.5 试验结果的应用与局限性 (110)

23.3.6 Presentation of results (111)

23.3.6 结果表达 (111)

23.4 Static-dynamic probing (112)

23.4 静—动探测 (112)

23.4. 1 General (112)

23.4.1 总则 (112)

23.4.2 Equipment (112)

23.4.2 设备 (112)

23.4.3 Method (112)

23.4.3 方法 (112)

23 .4.4 Analysis of results (113)

23.4.4 结果分析 (113)

Section five. Field tests (113)

第五部分现场试验 (113)

24 Introductions (113)

24 结果分析 (113)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

25 Pumping tests (115)

25 抽水试验 (115)

25.1 General principles (115)

25.1 一般原理 (115)

25.2 Ground water conditions (116)

25.2 水文地质条件 (116)

25.3 Test site (117)

25.3 试验场地 (117)

25.4 Pumped wells (117)

25.4 抽水孔 (117)

25.5 Observation wells (119)

25.5 观测孔 (119)

25.6 Test procedures (120)

25.6 试验步骤 (120)

26.Analysis of pumping tests (121)

26.抽水试验分析 (121)

26.1 Introduction (121)

26.1 简介 (121)

26.2 Steady state analysis (122)

26.2 稳定状态分析 (122)

26.2.1 Introduction (122)

26.2.1 简介 (122)

26.2.2 Confined conditions (123)

26.2.2 承压水 (123)

26.2 .2.1 Assumptions (123)

26.2.2.1 假设 (123)

26.2.2.2 Two or more observation wells (123)

26.2.2.2两个或两个以上观察井 (123)

26.2.2.3 One observation well (123)

26.2.2.3 一个观察井 (123)

26.2.2.4 No observation wells (124)

26.2.2.4 没有观察井 (124)

26.2.2.5 Corrections (124)

26.2.2.5 修正 (124)

26.2.3 Unconfined conditions (125)

26.2.3 非承压水 (125)

26.3 Non-steady state analysis (126)

26.3 非稳定状态分析 (126)

26.3.1 Introduction (126)

26.3.1 简介 (126)

26.3.2 Confined conditions (126)

26.3.2 承压水 (126)

26.3.2.1 Assumptions (126)

26.3.2.1 基本假定 (126)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

26.3.2.2 Theis analysis(54) (127)

26.3.2.2 泰勒公式[54] (127)

26.3.2.3 Cooper-Jacob analysis[59] (128)

26.3.2.3 Cooper - Jacob分析[59] (128)

26.3.3 Unconfined conditions (133)

26.3.3 非承压条件 (133)

26.3.3.1 Assumptions (133)

26.3.3.1 假设 (133)

26.3.3.2 Theis analysis and Cooper-Jacob analysis． (133)

26.3.3.2 Theis分析和Cooper – Jacob分析 (133)

26.3.3.3 Prickett analysis (133)

26.3.3.3 Prickett分析 (133)

26.4 Validity of drawdown data (134)

26.4 水位降低量数据的有效性 (134)

27. Field density (134)

27. 原位密度测量 (134)

27.1 General principles (134)

27.1 一般原则 (134)

27.2 Sand replacement method (135)

27.2 填砂法 (135)

27.3 Core Cutter method (136)

27.3 环刀法 (136)

27.4 Weight in water method (136)

27.4 水中称重法 (136)

27.5 Water displacement method (136)

27.5 充水法 (136)

27.6 Rubber balloon method (136)

27.6 充气法 (136)

27.7 Nuclear methods (137)

27.7 核子仪法 (137)

27.8 Water replacement method for rock fill or similar materials (137)

27.8 水替换方法用于岩石填补或者相似的材料 (137)

27.9 Uses of the field density test (139)

27.9 原位密度试验的应用 (139)

28 In situ stress measurements (139)

28 地应力测量 (139)

28.1 General (139)

28.1 概要 (139)

28.2 Stress measurements in rock (140)

28.2 岩石中应力测定方法 (140)

28.2.1 General principles (140)

28.2.1 普遍原理 (140)

28. 2. 2 Determination of the in situ triaxial state of stress in rock (141)

28.2.2岩石中初始三轴应力状态的确定 (141)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

28.2.3 Biaxial stress measurements at a remote point (142)

28.2.3 远程的点的二轴应力测定方法 (142)

28. 2. 4 Uniaxial stress measurements near a surface using a flat jack (143)

28.2.4 用单千斤顶测定表面单轴应力 (143)

28.2.5 Static equilibrium method (145)

28.2.5 静力平衡方法 (145)

28.3 Stress measurement in soils (145)

28.3 土壤应力测量 (145)

28.3.1 General principles (145)

28.3.1 一般原理 (145)

28.3.2 Hydraulic pressure cells (146)

28.3.2 水力测压仪 (146)

28.3.3 Contact stress measurement (146)

28.3.3 接触面应力测定 (146)

28.3.4 Hydraulic fracturing (147)

28.3.4高压水砂破裂法 (147)

29 Bearing tests (147)

29 承载力试验 (147)

29.1 Vertical loading tests (147)

29.1 垂直荷载试验 (147)

29.1.1 General principles (147)

29.1.1 一般原理 (147)

29.1.2 Limitations of the test (148)

29.1.2 试验的局限性 (148)

29.1.3 Sample preparation (149)

29.1.3 样品制备 (149)

29.1.4 Test arrangement (150)

29.1.4 试验安排 (150)

29.1.5 Measurements (151)

29.1.5 测量 (151)

29.1.6 Methods of carrying out the test (153)

29.1.6 试验实施方法 (153)

29.1.6.1 General (153)

29.1.6.1 概要 (153)

29.1.6.2 Maintained load (153)

29.1.6.2 持续荷载 (153)

29.1.6.3 Constant rate of penetration (154)

29.1.6.3 常量渗透率 (154)

29.1.6.4 Creep (154)

29.1.6.4 塑性变形 (154)

29.1.7 Analysis of results (154)

29.1.7 结果分析 (154)

29.1.8 Interpretation of results (156)

29.1.8 结果阐述 (156)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

29.2 Lateral and inclined loading tests (157)

29.2 水平和倾斜荷载试验 (157)

29.3 Pressurized chamber tests (157)

29.3 加压室试验 (157)

29.4 In situ California Bearing Ratio(CBR)test (158)

29.4原位加州承载比（CBR）试验 (158)

29.4.1 General (158)

29.4.1 概要 (158)

29.4.2 Method of carrying out test (159)

29.4.2 试验实施方法 (159)

29.4.3 Limitations and uses of test (159)

29.4.3 试验的局限性及应用 (159)

30 In situ shear tests (160)

30 原位剪切试验 (160)

30.1 General principles of the direct shear test (160)

30.1 直剪试验的基本原理 (160)

30.2 Sample preparation (161)

30.2 试样准备 (161)

30.3 Test arrangement (162)

30.3 试验安排 (162)

30.3.1 General (162)

30.3.1 概要 (162)

30.3.2 Normal load (162)

30.3.2法向荷载 (162)

30.3.3 Shear force (162)

30.3.3剪切力 (162)

30.4 Measurements (163)

30.4 测量 (163)

30.5 Method of carrying out the test (163)

30.5 试验实施方法 (163)

30.5.1 General (163)

30.5.1 概要 (163)

30.5.2 Consolidation (164)

30.5.2 固结 (164)

30.5.3 Shearing (165)

30.5.3 剪切 (165)

30.6 Analysis of results (165)

30.6 结果分析 (165)

31 Large-scale field trials (167)

31 大型现场试验 (167)

31.1 Introduction (167)

31.1 引言 (167)

31.2 Methods of instrumentation (168)

31.2 仪器方法 (168)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

31.3 Trial embankments and excavations (169)

31.3 试验堆载与开挖 (169)

31.4 Construction trials (170)

31.4 施工试验 (170)

32 Back analyses (171)

32反分析 (171)

33 Geophysical surveying (171)

33 地球物理探测 (171)

33.1 Introduction (171)

33.1 引言 (171)

33.2 Land geophysics (174)

33.2 陆地地球物理 (174)

33.2.1 Resistivity (174)

33.2.1 电阻率法 (174)

33.2.2 Gravimetric. (174)

33.2.2 重力法 (174)

33.2.3 Magnetic (174)

33.2.3 磁法 (174)

33.2.4 Seismic (175)

33.2.4 地震法 (175)

33.3 Marine geophysics (176)

33.3 海洋地球物理 (176)

33.3.1 General (176)

33.3.1 总则 (176)

33.3.2 Echo-sounding (176)

33.3.2 回声法 (176)

33.3.3 Continuous seismic reflection profiling (176)

33.3.3 连续地震反射剖面法 (176)

33.3.4 Side scan sonar (177)

33.3.4 侧扫声呐 (177)

33.4 Borehole logging (177)

33.4钻孔测井 (177)

33.5 Corrosion testing (178)

33.5 腐蚀性测试 (178)

Section six. Laboratory tests on samples (178)

第六部分室内试验 (178)

34．General principles (178)

34.一般原理 (178)

35. Sample storage and inspection facilities (179)

35.试样储存与检查设施 (179)

35.1 Handling and labeling (179)

35.1 处理与标签 (179)

35.2 Storage of samples (179)

35.2 试样储存 (179)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

35.3 Inspection facilities (180)

35.3 检查设施 (180)

36. Visual examination (185)

36. 目视检查 (185)

36.1 Introduction (185)

36.1 引言 (185)

36.2 Soil (185)

36.2 土 (185)

36.3 Rock (186)

36.3 岩石 (186)

36.4 Photographic records (186)

36.4 照片记录 (186)

37. Tests on soil (187)

37. 土的试验 (187)

37.1 General (187)

37.1 总则 (187)

37.2 Sample quality (187)

37.2 试样质量 (187)

37.3 Sample size (188)

37.3 试样尺寸 (188)

37.4 Conditions of test (188)

37.4 试验条件 (188)

37.5 Relevance of test results (188)

37.5 试验结果相关材料 (188)

38. Tests on rock (189)

38 岩石试验 (189)

Section seven. Reports and interpretation (189)

第七部分报告和说明 (189)

39 Field reports (189)

39 现场报告 (189)

40. Report (202)

40 报告 (202)

40.1 General (202)

40.1 总则 (202)

40.2 Descriptive report (202)

40.2 描述性报告 (202)

40.2.1 Report as record (202)

40.2.1 记录报告 (202)

40.2.2 Introduction (203)

40.2.2 引言 (203)

40.2.3 Description of site (203)

40.2.3 场地描述 (203)

40.2.4 Geology (203)

40.2.4 地质概况 (203)

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40.2.5 Field work (204)

40.2.5 现场工作 (204)

40.2.6 Borehole logs (204)

40.2.6 钻孔编录 (204)

40.2.6.1 General (204)

40.2.6.1 概要 (204)

40.2.6.2 General data common to all logs (205)

40.2.6.2为所有钻孔编录所共有的基本内容 (205)

40.2.6.3 Legend and symbols (206)

40.2.6.3 图例和符号 (206)

40.2.6.4 Light cable percussion boring (207)

40.2.6.4冲击钻探 (207)

40.2.6.5 Rotary drilling (208)

40.2.6.5 回转钻探 (208)

40.2.6.6 Summary or condensed log (208)

40.2.6.6 概要（浓缩）记录 (208)

40.2.6.7 Examples (209)

40.2.6.7 事例 (209)

40.2.7 Incidence and behaviour of ground water (217)

40.2.7 地下水条件及性质 (217)

40.2.8 Location of boreholes (217)

40.2.8 钻孔位置 (217)

40.2.9 Results of laboratory tests and visual description of samples (217)

40.2.9 室内试验结果和试样的目视描述 (217)

40.2.10 Summary of ground conditions (218)

40.2.10 场地条件总结 (218)

40.2.10.1 Introduction (218)

40.2.10.1 引言 (218)

40.2.10.2 Ground types (218)

40.2.10.2 场地类型 (218)

40.2.10.3 Ground structures (219)

40.2.10.3 场地构造 (219)

40.2.10.4 Ground water (219)

40.2.10.4 地下水 (219)

40.2.11 Special reports (219)

40.2.11 专题报告 (219)

40.3 Engineering interpretation (219)

40.3 工程地质解译 (219)

40.3.1 Matters to be covered (219)

40.3.1 涵盖内容 (219)

40.3.2 Data on which interpretation is based (220)

40.3.2 解译所用数据 (220)

40.3.3 Borehole sections (221)

40.3.3 钻孔剖面 (221)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

40.3.4 Design (221)

40.3.4 设计 (221)

40.3.5 Construction expedients (223)

40.3.5 与地基及基础施工有关的工程问题 (223)

40.3.6 Sources of materials (224)

40.3.6 建筑材料 (224)

40.3.7 Failures (224)

40.3.7 既有工程破坏 (224)

40.3.8 Calculation (225)

40.3.8 计算 (225)

40.3.9 References (225)

40.3.9 参考文献 (225)

Section eight. Description of soils and rocks (225)

第八部分土壤及岩石描述 (225)

41 Description of soils (225)

41 土壤描述 (225)

41.1 The purpose and scope of soil description (225)

41.1 描述的目的和内容 (225)

41.2 Mass characteristics of soils (227)

41.2土体性质 (227)

41.2.1 Range of application (227)

41.2.1应用范围 (227)

41.2.2 Bedding (227)

41.2.2成层性 (227)

41.2.3 Discontinuities (228)

41.2.3结构面 (228)

41.2.4 State of weathering． (228)

41.2.4风化状态 (228)

41.2.5 A scale of strength (228)

41.2.5 强度范围 (228)

41.3 Material characteristics of soils (230)

41.3土的材料性质 (230)

41.3.1 Range of application. (230)

41.3.1应用范围 (230)

41.3.2 Soil name (230)

41.3.2 土的定名 (230)

41.3.2.1 Introduction (230)

41.3.2.1 介绍 (230)

41.3.2.2 Composite soil types． (231)

41.3.2.2土的类型（组成） (231)

41.3.2.3 Plasticity. (232)

41.3.2.3 塑性 (232)

41.3.2.4 Deposits (232)

41.3.2.4 沉积物 (232)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

41.3.2.5 Colour (233)

41.3.2.5 颜色 (233)

41.3.2.6 Particle shape and composition (233)

41.3.2.6 颗粒形状和颗粒组成 (233)

41.3.3 Made ground (235)

41.3.3人工填土 (235)

41.4 Geological formation，age and type of deposit． (235)

41.4 地质结构、时代与成因 (235)

41.5 Additional information． (236)

41.5其它信息 (236)

42 Classification of soils (237)

42土的分类 (237)

42.1 Use of the system. (237)

42.1分类系统的使用 (237)

42.2 Nature and purpose of soil classification (237)

42.2土分类的本质和目的 (237)

42.2.1 Distinction between soil description and soil classification (237)

42.2.1土的描述与土的分类的的区别 (237)

42.3 The British Soil Classification System for Engineering Purposes(BSCS) (238)

42.3英国土的工程分类系统 (238)

42.3.1 The classification． (238)

42.3.1分类 (238)

42.3.2 Materials containing boulder-sized and cobble—sized particles. (239)

42.3.2含块石和漂石的材料 (239)

43 Laboratory and rapid procedure for naming and classifying soils (242)

43 土定名与分类的室内和快速步骤 (242)

43.1 Choice of procedure． (242)

43.1步骤的选取 (242)

43.2 Rapid assessment of grading． (243)

43.2 级配的快速评价 (243)

43.3 Rapid assessment of plasticity (244)

43.3塑性的快速评价 (244)

43.3.1 Methods． (244)

43.3.1方法 (244)

43.3.2 Cohesion and Plasticity of coarse soils (244)

43.3.2粗粒土的粘聚力与塑性 (244)

43.3.3 Toughness of fine soil． (245)

43.3.3 细粒土的硬度 (245)

43.3.4 The dilatancy test. (245)

43.3.4膨胀试样 (245)

43.3.5 Organic soil and peat． (245)

43.3.5 有机土和泥碳土 (245)

44．Description and classification of rocks for engineering purposes (246)

44．岩石的工程描述与分类 (246)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

44.1 Material and mass characteristics (246)

44.1岩石材料与岩体特性 (246)

44.1.1 Introduction (246)

44.1.1引言 (246)

44.1.2 General description (246)

44.1.2一般描述 (246)

44.2 Description of rock materials (247)

44.2岩石材料描述 (247)

44.2.1 Colour． (247)

44.2.1颜色 (247)

44.2.2 Grain size (247)

44.2.2粒径 (247)

44.2.3 Texture and fabric． (248)

44.2.3结构与组构 (248)

44.2.4 Weathering and alteration effects (248)

44.2.4风化与蚀变 (248)

44.2.4.1 State of weathering． (248)

44.2.4.1风化作用 (248)

44.2.4.2 State of alteration. (250)

44.2.4.2蚀变作用 (250)

44.2.4.3 Detection of weathering and alteration effects． (250)

44.2.4.3 风化作用和蚀变作用探测效果 (250)

44.2.5 Rock name． (251)

44.2.5岩石名称 (251)

44.2.6 Strength of rock material. (251)

44.2.6岩石材料强度 (251)

44.2.7 Fracture state (252)

44.2.7 破碎状态 (252)

44.2. 8 Examples (252)

44.2. 8实例 (252)

44.3 Description of rock masses (253)

44.3 岩体描述 (253)

44.3.1 Introduction (253)

44.3.1 引言 (253)

44.3.2 Structure (253)

44.3.2 结构 (253)

44.3.3 Discontinuities (255)

44.3.3 不连续结构面 (255)

44.3.3.1 Description. (255)

44.3.3.1 一般说明 (255)

44.3.3.2 Discontinuity spacing in one dimension (256)

44.3.3.2 单向不连续性间距 (256)

44.3.3.3 Discontinuity spacing in three dimensions． (256)

44.3.3.3 三向（三维）不连续性间距 (256)

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Code of Practice for Site Investingation2场地勘察实践规范

44.3.4 Weathering of the rock mass (258)

44.3.4 岩体的风化 (258)

45 Legend for engineering geological maps and plans (259)

45 工程地质图和平面图的图例 (259)

45.1 Symbols for soils and rocks (259)

45.1 岩石和土的符号 (259)

45.2 Special symbols for the borehole record． (260)

45.2 钻孔记录的特殊符号 (260)

45.3 Suggested symbols for structural features on plans (260)

45.3 平面图中结构特征的建议符号 (260)

45.3.1 Symbols for general planar structures． (260)

45.3.1 一般平面结构特征的符号 (260)

45.3.2 Traces of geological structures and geologicalboundaries (260)

45.3.2 地质结构和地质界线的迹线 (260)

Appendix (263)

附录 (263)

A. General information required for desk study (263)

A. 勘察前资料收集与分析 (263)

B. Sources of information (266)

B. 信息来源 (266)

C. Notes on site reconnaissance (275)

C. 场地勘测（踏勘、选点） (275)

D. Detailed information required for design and construction (277)

D. 设计和施工需要的详细信息 (277)

E. Site investigations in areas of mining，quarrying and waste disposal (281)

E. 采矿、采石与垃圾场的场地调查 (281)

F. Safety precautions (292)

F. 安全预防警备 (292)

G. The nature and occurrence of soils and rocks (296)

G. 岩土埋藏条件及其成因 (296)

H. Bibliography (325)

H. 参考文献 (325)

I. Figure (338)

I. 图表 (338)

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