2015年12月六级真题第二套

2015年12月六级真题第二套（听力lecture 为模拟）

Listening

Long Conversation One 9. A. Touch his heart. B. Make him cry. C. Remind him of his life. D. Make him feel young. 10. A. He is good at singing operas. B. He enjoys complicated music. C. He can sing any song if he likes it. D. He loves country music in particular. 11. A. Go to a bar and drink for hours. B. Go to an isolated place to sing blues. C. Go to see a performance in a concert hall. D. Go to work and wrap himself up in music. Long Conversation Two

12. A. How he became an announcer. B. How he writes news stories. C. How he makes his living. D. How he does his job. 13. A. They write the first version of news stories. B. They gather news stories on the spot. C. They polish incoming news stories. D. They write comments on major news stories. 14. A. Reading through the news stories in a given period of time. B. Having little time to read the news before going on the air. C. Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time. D. Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly. 15. A. It shows where advertisements come in. B. It gives a signal for him to slow down. C. It alerts him to something important. D. It serves as a reminder of sad news. Passage One

16. A. It gives pleasure to both adults and children. B. It is often carried around by small children.

C. It can be found in many parts of the world. D. It was invented by an American Indian. 17. A. They were made for earning a living. B. They were delicate geometric figures.

C. They were small circus figures made of wire. D. They were collected by a number of museums. 18. A. In art. B. In geometry. C. In engineering. D) In circus performance. Passage Two

19. A. They offer students a wide variety of courses. B. They attract students from all over the world.

C. They admit more students than they can handle. D. They have trouble dealing with overseas students. 20. A. Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later. B. A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.

C. A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder. D. Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential. 21. A) He likes students with high motivation. B. He enjoys teaching intelligent students. C) He tailors his teaching to students’ needs. D. He treats all his students in a fair manner. Passage Three

22. A. It is mostly imported from the Middle East. B. It is a sure indicator of its economic activity. C. It has a direct impact on the international oil market. D. It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day. 23. A. It eventually turns into heat. B. It is used in a variety of forms.

C. Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution. D. Part of it is lost in the process of transmission. 24. A. When it is used in rural areas. B. When it is environment-friendly C. When it operates at near capacity. D. When it operates at regular times. 25. A. Traffic jams in cities. B. Inefficient use of energy. C. fuel shortage. D. Global warming. Test 2

Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19. 16. A) It is caused by stress from work or study. C) It results in some strange diseases nowadays. B) It has a great impact on people’s life. D) It gives people lots of trouble at work. 17. A) Talk about it. B) Immerse ourselves in it. C) Ignore it. D) Shut it down. 18. A) To release the negative emotion. C) To feel more comfortable. B) To relax ourselves. D) To have a short break. 19. A) Looking down upon it. C) Giving it space and attention. B) Doing something else. D) Getting some amusement. Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22. 20. A) It is more dangerous. B) It is much easier to do. C) It is hard to find a proper place for it. D) It takes much shorter time to get pleasure. 21. A) Because people want to get away from modern life. B) Because people have more free time. C) Because people like adventures. D) Because people are not quite pleased with modern life. 22. A) People are becoming crazy.

B) Some kinds of dangerous sports are not popular as before.

C) The reason why people nowadays take part in some dangerous sports. D) Bungee jumping is different from other dangerous sports.

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Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25. 23. A) Because they wanted to record the animals they caught. B) Because they wanted to make stories about animal-hunting. C) Because the painters wanted to show imagination. D) Because the pictures were thought to be helpful. 24. A) Writing. B) Religious symbols. C) Entertaining. D) Curse. 25. A) South Africa. B) Egypt. C) Australia. D) The East.

三、Reading

According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly __36__ to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be __37__.

The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental __38__ have long urged U. S. government agencies to __39__ the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency __40__ the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care __41__, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now __42__ the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.

But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children’s brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it’s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid __43__ evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct __44__ but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.

Nonetheless, it’s smart to __45__ caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can’t hurt. A. advocates B. compact C. correlation D. exercise E. facilities F. interaction G. investigating H. overwhelmed I. particles J. permanent K. restricted L. simulating M. statistical N. tighten O. vulnerable

The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transition

A) Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants. Unfortunately for them, our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you can’t turn something that large on a dime, or even a few thousand dimes. B) In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder, it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity. Momentum is said to be “conserved,” that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere.

C) But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don’t speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it’s a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.

D) One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.

E) But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs led to the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.

F) And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how Incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.

G) As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications. ” There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置) that, houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting

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requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced—light source and luminaire—and this is never an inexpensive proposition.

H) Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers, designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first (or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time. And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs, adding another layer of difficulty.

I) By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant., which is typically between 40 and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years t The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York’s Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.

J) As Vaclav Smil points out, “All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner. ”

K) When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to

nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible. 46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.

47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor. 48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.

49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn’t succeed as expected. 50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture. 51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.

52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn’t lie in light sources but in their applications.

53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace. 54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.

55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.

Passage One

One hundred years ago, “Colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for “Negro.” By the late 1960s, that term was overtaken by “Black.” And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.

A century’s worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black” carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of “African American.”

But if it was known that “Black” people were viewed differently from “African Americans,” researchers, until now, hadn’t identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University’s Erika Hall, found that “Black” people are viewed more negatively than “African Americans” because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result, “Black” people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.

The study’s most Striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world. Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters’ biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the “ Wisconsin Association of African American Lawyers” or the “National Black Employees Association,\of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members’ control.

In one of the study’s experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as “African-American,\

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on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams’s salary, professional standing, and educational background.

The “African-American” group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The “Black group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only “some” college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38. 5 percent of the second group thought so.

Hall’s findings suggest there’s an argument to be made for electing to use “African American, ” though one can’t help but get, the sense that it’s a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois’s original, idealistic hope; “It’s not the name—it’s the Thing that counts. ”

56. Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term “African American” for people of African descent? A. It is free from racial biases. B. It represents social progress. C. It is in the interest of common Americans. D. It follows the standard naming practice. 57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group?

A. It advances with the times. B. It is based on racial roots. C. It merits intensive study. D. It is politically sensitive. 58. What do Erika Hall’s findings indicate?

A. Racial biases are widespread in the professional world. B. Many applicants don’t attend to details on their resumes. C. Job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations. D. Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases. 59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?

A. African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups. B. Black people’s socioeconomic status in America remains low.

C. People’s conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled. D. One’s professional standing and income are related to their educational background. 60. What is Dr. Du Bois’s ideal?

A. All Americans enjoy equal rights. B. A person is judged by their worth. C. A new term is created to address African Americans. D. All ethnic groups share the nation’s continued progress. Passage Two

Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa. In 2011 they released a landmark study titled “Academically Adrift,” which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today’s knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.

Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students’ lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered

undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.

Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “party pathway,” which eases many students through college, helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are “catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others” who won’t enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.

These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn’t kind to candidates who can’t demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.

61. What is Arum and Roksa’s finding about higher education in America?

A. It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students. B. It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modem times. C. It has experienced dramatic changes hi recent years. D. It has tried hard to satisfy students’ various needs.

62. What is responsible for the students’ lack of higher-level skills? A. The diluted college curriculum. B. The boring classroom activities. C. The absence of rigorous discipline. D. The outdated educational approach. 63. What does Laura Hamilton say about, college administrations?

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A. They fail to give adequate help to the needy students. B. They tend to offer too many less challenging courses. C. They seem to be out of touch with society. D. They prioritize non-academic activities. 64. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?

A. They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.

B. They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves. C. They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses. D. They can climb the social ladder even without a degree. 65. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?

A. American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.

B. People should not expect too much from American higher education, C. The current, situation in American higher education may not last long. D. It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.

四、Translation

最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级，中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚(Indonesia)建造一条高铁的合同；中国还与马来西亚(Malaysia)签署了为 其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。

中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名, 很有可能这件商品是中国造的。

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