被动语态考点

高考被动语态复习

语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak English. 被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：English is spoken by many people. 一、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成”。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以ask为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋asked一般过去时：was／were＋asked 一般将来时：will／shall(be going to) be＋asked 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋asked 过去进行时：was/were being＋asked

现在完成时：have／has been＋asked 过去完成时：had been + asked 过去将来时：would (was/were going to) be + asked

注意1：含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。例如：Your hands must be washed before meal. The book ought to be taken away. 注意2：动词get, become,之后接过去分词， Mr. Wang got promoted at last. 李先生终于得到提升。 二、主动语态变为被动语态的几个特殊情况

1. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to. 例如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day. →My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day..

2. 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。即将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。例如：They call her XiaoLi. →She is called XiaoLi. He left the door open. →The door was left open by him. 3. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。这样的短语有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of, etc. 例如： The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.

4. 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。例如：That dictionary belongs to the library. 三、主动形式表被动意义的情况

1. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词如：feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例如：Your reason sounds reasonable.

This shirt feels much softer than that one. 2. 一些不及物动词如：open, close, shut, read, wash, clean, sell, wear, eat, read, write等等，主动形式表被动含义。这类动词既能作及物动词，也能作不及物动词。作不及物动词时，形式上虽为主动，却表示被动意义。例如：His novel sells well. Your pen writes quite smoothly.

3. 不定式to blame, to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义。例如：The house is to let. I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child. 4. 在need(want, require, deserve, etc.)doing句型中，动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，在意思上没有多大差别。例如：Our classroom wants/ needs/ requires cleaning.

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= Our classroom wants/ needs/ requires to be cleaned. The orphan requires looking after. 值得注意的是，在be worth doing句型中，只能用动名词的主动式，而在be worthy to be done中，才能用动词不定式的被动式，两者不可混淆。

5. 在某些性质形容词＋动词不定式的句型中，其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：The question is too difficult to answer. The box is not light enough for me to lift.

6不定式短语在句中作定语，与被修饰词逻辑上存在着被动关系，但与句中的另外一个名词或代词存在着主谓关系时，这时不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。 I have much more work to do 7. 介词短语表示被动意义。如：Many old things are on show. 许多古物正在展出。 Your suggestion is under discussion. 你的意见正在讨论中。

The old machine is still in 这台旧机器仍然在被使用。

历年高考题

一、对基本形式的考查:

当句子中的主语是动作的承受者, 也就是动作的对象时, 谓语动词用被动语态.基本构成为: be +过去分词,如:1．-Have you moved into the new house yet? -Not yet, the rooms _____.

A. are being painted B. are painting C. are Painted D. are Being Painting 2．-Your job ____open for your return.

-Thanks. A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept. (A) 3．-I don’t suppose the police know who did it.

-Well, surprisingly they do, a man has been arrested and ___now.

A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 二、对不定式的被动式的考查:

1．As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting ______. A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using (B) 分析：不定式的一般式表示“主动和将来” ，不定式的被动式表示被动与将来。 三.、对- ing 语态的考查

基本构成为: being +过去分词。如果强调-ing 形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,,用ing形式被动式的完成式,基本构成为: having + been + 过去分词. 如:1．___many times , the boy still did not know how to do it . A. having taught B. Teaching C. Having been taught D. Taught 分析: 本句话的主语the boy 是被教的对象,而教这个动作又发生在谓语动作之前,所以本题采用-ing形式的完成式,故答案为C。

2．He has always insisted on his _____DR Turner instead of Mr. Turner. A. been called B. called C.having called D. being called

被动的特殊形式即主动形式表示被动意义的分析：

1．不能用于被动语态的词有：happen, have, cost, lack, last, own, suit, hold, fit, belong to, agree with, take place

1．Books of this kind _____well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D is sold

2This sentence needs ___ A. a improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved 3）Be worth 后跟-ing的主动形式表示被动意义。如： Only one of these books is ____.

A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading

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