中考复习 名词汇编

中考复习—名词

一. 名词的种类：

专有名词 普通名词 不可数名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 国名地名人名，团体可数名词 机构名称 个体名词 (1) 个体名词。如：cup, desk, student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。 (2) 集体名词。如：class, team, family等。一般可数，有单复数形式

(3) 物质名词。如：rice, water, cotton等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 (4) 抽象名词。如：love, work, life等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 （5） 专有名词：如：China, Newton, London等。 定义：

可数名词：可以用数来计算，或可以分成个体的人或东西。如desk bed apple.

不可数名词：指不可分成个体的情感、概念、物质、品质或表示物质材料的词，也不可用数

量来表示。不可数名词分为抽象名词和物质名称。如：

抽象名词有work homework information advice news music weather traffic knowledge等 物质名词有food fruit bread milk water paper money meat fish chicken rice等。

二. 名词的数：

1. 规则名词的复数形式：

名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： 规则 1 2 一般情况在词尾加-s 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es 例词 map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, 变-f和-fe为v再加-es wife-wives 以-f或-fe结尾的词 belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, 加-s gulf-gulfs 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变yparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 为i加-es 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 有名词以y结尾的，加-s 以辅音字母一般加-es hero-heroes, tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, 4 5 6 加-o结尾的名不少外来词加-s 词 两者皆可 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s 以-th结尾的名词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 7 8 随堂练习：

1.She was born in Xiangfan, but now she works in Taiyuan. So we can’t say Taiyusn is her _____ A second home B hometown C family 2.We should make _____ for old people.

A room B rooms C a room

3.We know_____ doesn’t travel so fast as light. A sound B sounds C a sound 4.They are planting _____ trees. A apples B an apple C apple

5. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town. A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers

2. 不规则名词复数：

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下： 规则 1 例词 foot-feet, goose-geese, 改变名词中的元音字母或其他man-men, woman-women, mouse-mice 形式 2 单复数相同 3 只有复数形式 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, （整体）也可以作复数（成员） government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) goods（货物）conditions（环境、情况） Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 6 复数形式表示特别含义 表示7 “某国单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 人” 以-man或-woman结尾Englishmen, Frenchwomen 的改为-men,-women 将主体名词变为复数 8 加-s 合成名无主体名词时将最后grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 词 一部分变为复数 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants 有些名词在习惯用语中一定要用复数形式 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 9 make friends with (与……交朋友)， shake hands with (与……握手) 随堂练习：

1. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.

A. woman B. women C. woman’s D. women’s 2.Some___ are even thinner than your little finger.

A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos

三．不可数名词

1. 物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。如：luggage, milk, rice, soup, water, money, meat等。 不可数名词不能在其前加a/an ，也不能再词尾加-s或-es. 其复数形式只能体现在它的量词上，表示不可数名词的量有以下两种方法：

1. 用some ,much, little ,a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等俩表示。如：much water 许多水,

a lot of money很多钱，a little milk 一点牛奶 some orange一些橘汁 2.用数次+量词+of来表示 如：

a cup of 一杯……a pair of 一双（对）…….a piece of 一片（块）…….

A drop of 一滴….. a group of一群（组）…….a row of 一排……a bowl of一婉…..

A pile of 一堆……a cup of coffee一杯咖啡 ten bags of rice十袋大米 sit boxes of ink六盒墨水 a glass of 一玻璃杯….. a bottle of一瓶….. 注意：不可数名词在表示量的时候需要用上适当的量词，当数词大于1时，量词须变为复数。如：a piece of advice(一条建议) five pieces of advice (五条建议)，a bag of rice (一袋大米) three bags of rice (三袋大米)。

可数名词的量也可以用适当的量词来表达。 2. 不可数名词的转化

(1) 物质名词表示种类或具体事物时则成为可数名词。如：glass (玻璃) a glass (一个玻璃杯)，tea (茶) two teas (两杯茶)，ice (冰) three ices (三个冰淇淋)。

(2) 抽象名词具体化时也可成为可数名词。如：beauty (美丽) a beauty (一个美人)，youth (青春) a youth (一个青年)。

(3) 表示具体事物的可数名词，用于表示抽象或物质意义是，便转化为不可数名词。如：a room (一个房间) room (空间)，a chicken (一只小鸡) chicken(鸡肉)。

(4)fish, chicken 单数时表示肉类，用作复数时表示种类。Fishes 鱼类 chickens鸡的种类。 1.Old as he is, he has ___to do every day. A. a lot of work B. much works

C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks 2.What ___ weather we’re having these days! A. nice B. a nice C. a bad D. worse

3.What Darwin said was an attack on people’s religious ___. A. belief B. beliefs C. beliefs D. believs

4.There are some ___waiting for you outside. A. German B. American C. grown-up D. Japanese

5.Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of ___. A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats 6.You have to make ___ for your journey A. preparing B. preparation C. a preparation D. preparations

辨别名词的可数与不可数的技巧

不少同学分辨不清可数名词与不可数名词。在这里告诉你一个诀窍，叫做“一分为二鉴别法”，能帮助你基本上分清这两类名词。

判断某名词是可数名词还是不可数名词时，可以先将这个名词所表示的东西一分两半，若每一半不能再叫原来的名称时，这个名词就是可数名词；反之，若每一半还可以叫原来的名称，这个名称就是不可数名词。

例如，desk 表示“课桌”，若将课桌一分两半，所得的两部分都不再具有课桌的特征，不能再用desk 来表示。因此，desk 是可数名词。Meat表示“肉”，将一块肉一分两块，所得的两块仍可称作肉。所以，meat是不可数名词。

四．名词的所有格：

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成： 单数名词在末尾加’s 复数名词 一般在末尾加’ 不规则复数名词后加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, the children’s toys, women’s rights, Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house 以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ 表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes 须加’s 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father 加’s 表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 词省略

2. ’s所有格的用法： １ 2 3 4 5 6 7 表示时间 表示自然现象 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches 表示国家城市等地方的名the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry 词 表示工作群体 表示度量衡及价值 the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples 与人类活动有特殊关系的the life’s time, the play’s plot 名词 某些固定词组 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措) 随堂练习：

1. This is ___ reading-room.

A. the teacher’s B. teacher’s C. teacher’s D. the teachers’ 2.Have you read ___newspaper yet? A. today’s B. Today’s C. the today’s D. your today’s

3.It’s not far, only ___walk from here to our school. A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes

C. a ten minutes’ D. ten minutes’ 4. He had a ___sleep yesterday.

A. a good night B. a good-night C. a good night’s D. good-night’s 5. His isn’t fit for the work. Please get me ___. A. something else B. somebody else C. someone else’s D. somebody’s else

3. of所有格的用法：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 注：不同国籍人的单复数

国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数

中国人 the Chinese, a Chinese, two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss, a Swiss, two Swiss

澳大利亚人the Australians, an Australian, two Australians 俄国人 the Russians, a Russian, two Russians

意大利人 the Italians, an Italian, two Italians 希腊人 the Greek, a Greek, two Greeks

法国人 the French, a Frenchman, two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese, a Japanese, two Japanese

美国人 the Americans, an American, two Americans 印度人 the Indians, an Indian, two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians, a Canadian, two Canadians 德国人 the Germans, a German, two Germans

英国人 the English, an Englishman, two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish, a Swede, two Swedes

五．双重所有格及其用法

定义： 's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成\＋所有格\形式，即双重的所有格。

它通常表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在意义上与\．．．\相似，它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外，双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有感情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。

它的主要形式如下： 1．名词＋of＋名词性物主代词。例如： a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历

2．名词＋of＋'s所有格。例如： He is a friend of my sister's．（＝one of my sister's friends）他是我姐姐的一个朋友。 Look at that long nose of Jack's．看杰克的那个长鼻子。（感情色彩）

试比较： a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张（本人）的照片

a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张（具有的照片中）的一张照片

当of前的名词是picture等词时，含义不同，试比较： It’s a picture of my mother’s.这是我妈妈收藏的一幅画。 It’s a picture of my mother.这是我妈妈的一张照片。

此外，不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词（some，any，many，no，few等）以及which等限定词，一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词，而采用of所有

格或双重所有格形式。 例如： most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人 I have read some books of his．我读过他的一些书。 Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read？你读过琼瑶的哪一本书？

六、's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别 请仔细比较下面三句话：

1．She is Mary's brother's friend． 2．She is a friend of Mary's brother． 3．She is a friend of Mary's brother's．

1句用的是's所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，突出friend一词。

2句用的是of所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，强调突出了Mary's brother。 3句用的是双重所有格，侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。

词类 一 名词

( ) 1.（2009·广州）—You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? —I did _______ Christmas shopping.

A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of

( ) 2.（2009·武汉）—Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？ —I generally make it a _______ to be up by 7 to read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule

( ) 3.（2009·武汉）—Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! —Mind your own _______ ,Sue!

A. action B. duty C. business D. way

( ) 4.（2009·广州）The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't_______ news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few ( ) 5.（2009·威海）--Why didn’t you take a taxi back last night? --Because I didn’t have any_________with me. A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money ( ) 6.（2009·成都）John always says that he likes apples of all the ______ . A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks ( ) 7.（2009·江西）---You look worried. What’s your ___ ? ---I have trouble learning English.

A. name B. question C. problem D. job ( ) 8.（2009·南京）--Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? --I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi. A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information ( ) 9.（2009·河南）I like _______ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles ( ) 10.（2009·宜昌）--In my opinion, China has more ______to deal with the disease ofA/H1N1. --I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well. A. advantages B. interests C. equipments D. materials ( ) 11.（2009·娄底）—It’s said that you have moved into a new house. —Yeah，and we need to buy some_______ in the mall nearby. A. food B. furniture C. hamburger ( )12.（2009·孝感）All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.

A. man B. men C. woman D. women ( ) 13.（2009·湖北孝感）

Emma, who are you taking _________ of at home? — My grandma, she got hurt in an accident. A. place B. part C. seat D. care ( ) 14.（2009·山西）--How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China? --You have to wait till ______ comes, Steve. A. summer B. autumn C. winter ( ) 15.（2009·山西）Let’s get some ______ about tourism on the Internet. A. information B. message C. invention ( ) 16.（2009·无锡）_____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _____ teachers.

A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; woman C. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman ( ) 17.（2009·绥德）Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight.

A. book shop B. restaurant C. concert D. cinema

( ) 18.(2009.安徽)--Shall we go shopping now? ---Sorry. It’s not the right ________. I’m too tired. A. way B. weather C. place D. moment

( ) 19.（2009.安徽）--I’m afraid I can’t get there before 9 o’clock. --That’s OK. There’s _______ .

A. no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry

( ) 20.（2009.漳州）--What makes you so upset?

--I wanted to explain why I was late, but Mr. White didn’t give me a(n) _____. A. way B. chance C. idea D. excuse ( ) 21.（2009·通化）We need to come up with a/an ______ and make a decision at once. A. information B. advice C. idea D. news ( ) 22.（2009·德州）Look at the flowers! They are in different _______: red, yellow, pink… A. colors B. sizes C. prices D. names ( ) 23.（2009·恩施）–I’d like ______ grapes and pears. –Oh, I only need ______ orange juice. A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few ( )2 4.（2009·阜康）— What would you like to drink? —________, please. A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread ( ) 25.（2009·朝阳）--You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are? ---Oh, sorry. It’s a(n) _______ . A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business ( ) 26.（2009·安顺）We should not eat ______ meat. A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too ( ) 27.（2009·安顺）I don’t understand the story though there are _______ new words in it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little ( ) 28.（2009·安顺）This is not my dictionary. It’s ______ . She lent it to me this morning. A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sister’s D. my sisters ( ) 29.（2009·安顺）A school in Anshun held an activity called “Recommend(推荐) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a ______ of 1,0000 books! A. note B. line C. menu D. list ( ) 30.（2009·莆田）--I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you?

--OK. Let’s go and buy some ________ . A. orange B. bread C. chocolate ( ) 31.（2009·莆田）Hurry up. There is _____ time left. A. a little B. little C. few 32.(2010·内江)—Well,you look so happy! --Because I've got a good ________.

A.work B. news C.job D. ideas ( ) 33. (2010·上海)You can get much_____about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information

( ) 34. (2010·上海)The customers are pleased with the________of the restaurant. A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service

( ) 35. (2010·晋江)–Lily has a silk ______. Listen, she is singing in the next room! -- How nice!.

A. look B. noise C. voice

( ) 36.（2010·通化）We need to come up with a/an____and make a decision at once. A.information B.advice C.idea D.news

( ) 37.(2010·湖州)--Would you like some ___? --No,thank you.I’m not hungry at all. A.water B.books C.clothes D.bread

( )38.（2010·荆州)—When will the 2010 World Expo(世博会) come to a close? —It’ll close at the end of ________. A. September B. October C. November D. December

( )39.（2010·武汉）–Why are you still waiting in line? --I’ve missed my _______ . 全品中考网 A. place B. order C. turn D. time

( )40.(2010·河南)It was very hard for me to make a_______but J decided to leave my job. A suggestion B decision C plan D speech

( )41.（2010·黄冈）—Good news. We will have a _____holiday. --I’ve heard of it.But it’s coming in____. A.three days ; three days’ time B.three days’; three days’ C.three-day; three days D.three days; three-day time

( )42.（2010·聊城）—Why not go to Qingdao on May Day,Jim? --I’m afraid it’s not a good ________.I have been there several times. A.way B.place C.advice D.idea

( )43.（2010·阜康）( )Mr Black gave us ______on how to learn English well.

A.an advice B.many advices C.some advice D.some advices

( )44.（2010·黄石）— With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ?

— _________. A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you ( )45.（2010·荆门）Oh, my god! The kids are making too much_____ here. I can’t do anything. A. sound B. Voice C. Noise D. footstep ( )46.（2010·襄樊）—What’s your job , Henry?

—I’m a ________ ,I work late . I’m very busy when people go out to dimters . A. waiter B. reporter C. teacher D. nurse

( )47.(2010·鸡西)－How many ______can you see in the picture? －Only one.

A. Dog B. sheep C. child D. tree ( )48.（2010·定西)—What’s your ? —I like swimming.

A. job B. age C.hobby D. number

( )49.(2010·定西)—What would you like，sir? — . A. Two pop 全品中考B. Two bottles pop C. Two bottles of pop D. Two bottle of pop

( )50.（2010·莱芜）I have a_____ for breakfast everyday. A. hot dog B. Cookie C. dumpling D. hamburger ( )51.(2010·哈尔滨)A low-carbon(低碳) lifestyle has ______ effect on our daily life. People are paying more and more attention to saving ______ these days. A. the, energies B. a, energy C. an, energy

( )52. (2010三明)—What a fine day! Shall we go hiking, Bob? --I’d love to.But is’s not the right ________.I am busy now. A.place B.moment C.weather

( )53.（2010·天津）If you work hard,you’ll get good ________. A.grades B.notes C.lessons D.answers

( )54.（2010·泰安）—Lucy, do you like _____? -Yes.Most of my clothes are ______. A.an orange an orange B.orange ,orange C.oranges ,oranges D.orange,an orange ( )55.（2010·青海&宁夏)Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second_______ because he has been here for over twenty years.

A. family B. house C. room D. home ( )56.（2010·沈阳）I'm not sure about the meaning of the word. You'd better look it up in a ____. A. letter B. dictionary C. postcard D. notice

( )57.（2010·连云港）--What’s the news about ? --_______ entertainment stars gathered to attact donations for Yushu. 全品中考网 A. A member of B. A kind of C.A packet of D.A number of

( )58.（2010·巴中）What a pity! Liu Xiang didn’t win the_____hurdles（跨栏）. A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter D.110 meters

( )59.(2010·四川) When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that I could see the words more clearly on the _______. A. blackboard B. desk C. dictionary D. postcard

( )60.（2010·东阳) I saw many ______ eating grass on the hill. A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep

( )61.（2010·浙江）—The land in the southwest of China is in great need of . —Yes ,it hasn’t rained for a long time there. A. milk B.tea C coffee D. water

( )62.（2010·台湾）The pants I bought last year are too small now. I think I need a new . A. belt B. pair C. shirt D. space

( )63.（2010·台湾）Mike: I always forget what I want to buy when I go to the market. Oscar: Well, you can make a of things you want to buy. A. habit B. list C. pack D. wish

( )64.（2010·巴中）— What is the____of the 2010 World Expo（世博会）? — It is “Better City, Better Life”. A. song B. theme C. custom

( )65.（2010·眉山）—Would you like some drinks, boys? —Yes, ____ , please.

A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two boxes of cola ( )66.（2010·滨州）—Can I help you? —I’d like ______ for my twin daughters.

A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes 参考答案

1-5 ADCCD 6-10 BCAAA 11-15 BDDCA 16-20 CDDDB 21-25 CABCC 26-30 CACDA 31-35 BCDDC 36-40 CDBCB 41-45 CDCAC 46-50 ABCCD 51-55 CBABD 56-60 BDAAD 61-66DBBBDD

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