基于STARCCM的混合电动汽车电池冷却系统设计数值仿真研究

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HydromechatronicsEngineering

机床与液压

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001—3881.2012.06.002

NumericalInvestigationoftheCoolingSystemDesigningforHEV

Battery

Module

Based

on

STAR-CCM

WANGYaxiong+,WANGHongyang

(Department

ofMechanicalEngineering,ChonnamNational

University,Gwanru

500757,R0Korea)

Abstract:Thebmterypackisthemainpowercomponentofhybridelectricvehicle(HEV).Thetemperatureplays

nant

dorni—

rolefortheperformanceofbmtery.Soitisimportant

to

design

coolingsystem

to

prevent

thehightemperatureand

ensuretherelativelyactivecode

reaction.The

temperature

distributionofthebatterypackispresentedwiththecommercial

STAR—CCM.The

inletofthecoolingsystemandthepositionofholehavebeendevelopedbythenumericManalysis.

Keywords:Hybrid-electric

vehicle(HEV),Computational

fluid

dynamics(CFD),Forcedconvection,Batterycooling

Thebasicaircoolingmodelusing

an

axialfanisofrotation

Introduction

simulatedin

thispaper.Theparameters

speedandthepositionofinletandoutlethavebeen

Energyshortageis

sues

one

ofthemostimportantis takeninto

stor.

account

inthis

model.The

maximumtem—

are

that

we

have

to

faceinthe21“century.Theperatureofbatterypackandtemperaturevariation

ageoftraditional

energylikecoalandoil

islimited

analyzedandpresentedinthispaper.

andharmful

to

theenvironment,andtheemissionof

war—

thefossilfuelacceleratestheprocessofglobalming.Hybridelectric

green

procedure

vehicle(HEV),as

beenwidely

kindof

the

ThebatterycellismadebyPPOandcomprisedofaBode,cathode,separatorandanalysis

HEV

transport,has

developedin

world.TotheHEVtechnology,abatterycoolingsys—

temis

electrolyte.The

first

crucialpartforpracticalapplications.

are

object

is

the60AhNi—MHbatterycellthat

Theresuch

as

varietyofbatteriesused

in

carries15unitbatteries。Theratedvoltageofcoolingfanis12Vwhiletheoperationvoltageisbattery8Vand13.8V.Themaximummassflow

is3.94kg/stestedbyairenters

into

Li.ionandNi.MH.Themodelwhichhas

theNi-MHbattery

beenconsideredinthisstudyis

rate

ofthefan

usedinthesmallscaleHEVthatiscommonlyap—plied

in

winddriven

experiment.The

an

thesmall

industrytransport

andthe

thebatterysystemfrom

an

inletand

normalHEV.flows

out

through

outletwherethefanislocated

Received:2012—02—06

%WANGYaxinong.Professor.E—mail:yaxiongwang@ejnu.net

万方数据

WANGYaxiong,etal:NumericalInvestigationoftheCoolingSystemDesigning

:j:罂::::::2:翌翌坐!:::i::i!皇曼:£!竺

::

(Fig.1)

After

basicanalysis,theinlet

design

isopti—

mizedtochangethemassflow

rate

ofcoolingair.

Thesecond

object

isthe120AhNi-MHbalery

eelthatiscomposedof100batteryunits,andthe

presentpaperfocuses

on

designingthebestdistancebetweenthe

top

partof

thebatteryandthebattery

—■■—■■__一■_田

●■—l■I

Fig1

Batterycellcooling

2.1

Analysisconditions

Fortheanalysis,theheatconductionand

con—

vectionmustbeconsideredfortheinternalsolidandsurfacesof

battery,respectively.The

following

as-

sumptionshave

to

bemade:

1)Coolingairtemperatureis300K.

2)The

batteryhousingisadiabaticfrom

out‘

side.

3、The

heat

SOUl'Ce

ofbatteryis80W.

4)The

thermalconductivityis10W/mk.

The

Reynoldsnumberofrectangularductinter-

nalflowisInore

than

4100,and

Turbulentflow

modelisadopted.Ifthegravityandradiationheat

transfercouldbeignored,thegoverningequationsfor

thismodel

8.1"C

as

follows:

挚立:o

(1)

煎掣一箸+[瞎伴。“『](2)批.

dx。”缸,“…。

警=毒[每O鸭l塑OTx

Ox

。。cBj^吨。…j一

ox。彬-j『](s)

万方数据

蠹(^蓑)+VQ=o

(4)

Where,equation(1)isa

continuityequation,e-

quation(2)isa

momentumequation,andequation

(3)is

energy

equation.Therefore,equations(1)一

(3)arethegoverningequationsforthefluidregion,

andequation(4)is

theheatconductionequationfor

solid

region.

There

are

manyTurbulent

modelforthiskindof

numerical

analysis,the

K-Epsilonmodel

hasbeen

chosendue

to

itssimpleexpressionoftheboundary

layerandwalleffect.2.2

CFDmeshgeneration

Sincethepurposeofthesimulationisthetem—

peraturedistributionofthebalerypack

andtheflow

condition.theinternalmeshofthebatteryisgenera-ted.Inordertoaccuratelyexpresstheflowandtern-

peratureboundarylayer,adensegridlayerisapplied

atthe

interfacebetweenthebaleryandtheairas

showninFig.2.Theseworks

can

allbedonebythe

softwareSTAR-CCM,andthetotalnumberofmeshis

about1000000.

Fig.2

Slenderlay。rattheinterfaceofbattery

HydmmechatmnicsEngineering

14

机床与液压

2 3

c皿胁呐胁出

Oncethesimulationmodelhasbeen

done,the

temperaturedistributionofthebasisbatterymodelis

presentedinFig.3

Fig.3

Temperaturedistributionofthebasisbatterymodel

Themaximumtemperatureofthebatteryisabout

320K,andthetemperature

deviationisabout15K.

Theseresultsare

consistentwiththeexperimental

re-

sults.Inorder

to

optimizethe

inletdesignofpresent

model,somesmallholesinthetoppartofthebattery

case

wheretheheat

source

iscentralized

areset

upas

showninFig.4.Theresults

are

presentedinFig.5

andFig.6.Thetemperaturedistributionsofthesec。

ondlinefromleftto,49htale

illustratedinFig.7.

Number1

mean8theleftend,while

thenumber5

meanstherightend.

Forthesecondanalysis

object,given

thesame

physicalconditions

andboundaryconditions,thedis。

taneebetweenthebatteryheadandthetoppartofthe

battery

case

ischangedfrom5mmto60mm,i-e.,5

mm,10mm,30mm,45mmand60mm.AsshowninFig.8.thevelocitydistributionsare

presented

at

dif-

ferentdistancessucha8

10mm,30mmand45mm

and

significant

changeofconvectioncoefficientis

obtained

on

thesurfaceofbattery.Thedetailedtom-

peraturcdistributions

ale

showninFig.9

万方数据

"“。m,I

l_≯“

Fig5

Theildluenceoihole’8posoion

…盘r…%…

Fig.6

Theinfluenceofhole’snumber

WANGYaxiong,etM:NumehcalInvestigationoftheCoolingSystemDesigning.

:::兰兰::::::2竺型兰:2=:!::::皇曼:!!竺

!:

§姗Ⅲ兰Ⅲ兰Ⅲ曼Ⅲ善.33166

2233266

3333崩4

4.334665

暑瑚ⅢⅢ三:Ⅲ螂量埘;.33166

2233266

3333.66

44334.66

Fig.7

Temperaturedistribution

Fig8

Thedifferentflowwithdistancedifference

(10mm,30him。45mm)

Thefirstanalysis

case

showsthepresentnumeri.

calresultsbySTAR CCM

are

consistentwiththe

ex—

pofimentaldata.Therefore,itcouldreasonablybebe.

万方数据

1ievedthatthepresentnumericaltechniqueisreliable

andallthesimulationresultsbased

on

thistechnique

are

valid.

:;.’,

誊i、i

};::

:::

濠≮堆:■生斗i

:i:;;::l::

憋爿

爆嘶—霭遁臻灌幽曩■

■圈曰

Fig.9

Thetempemturedistributionwithdistance

difference(5mill,10mm,30mm,45ram,印am)

Inorder

to

obtain

beRer

design

ofcoolingsys-

ternforthebatterypack,theinlet

design

isoptimized

andthebestpositionsofholeshavebeenfound.ThemaximumtemperaturesandtemperaturedistributionsofbaRerypack

are

presentedwhenthemassflow

rate

ofcoolingairisbetweenl.57ks/sandl.61kg/s.Itisfoundthatthemassflow

rate

ofcoolingairplays

an

importantroleforthetemperaturedistributionsofbat terypack.

Sincethespeedofcoolingairis

an

important

parametertoimprovetheconvectioncoefficientbe—

tweenbattery

and

air,themostconvenientway

to

im-

provethecoolingperformanceof

baRerypackisto

change

thedistance

between

thebatteryheadandthe

toppartofthebatterycase.Therefore,thereisan叩-

HydromechatronicsEngineering

16

机床与液压

timalproportionbetweenthisdistanceandtheheighttions

ofCrossFlow

Fan[J].JournalofKISS,2009.

ofthebattery.

51J

Tao

YB,HeYL,HuangJ,eta1.Numericalstudyoflocal

heattransfercoefficientandfinefficiencyofwavyfin—and

References:

tubeheat

exchangers[J].International

JournalofTher-

realSciences,2009,46.

11J

FrankM.White,FluidMechanics5/E,2005.r}

6YuL

J,Qin

MJ,ZhuP,eta1.Numericalsimulationand

21J

FluentVersion6.1User"sGuide,ComputationalFluid

optimizationofnickel—hydrogenbatteries[J].Journal

of

Dynamics,2000.

PowerSources,2008,17.

31J

Pesaran

AA.Batterythermal

managmentin

EVsand

7』KizilelR,SabbahR,SelmanJR.AI—Hallaj.S.,Analter-

HEVs:Issuesand

Solutions

Advanced[J].Automotive

native

coolingsystemtoenhancethesafetyofLi--ionBat--

BatteryConference,2001.

tery

Packs[J].Journal

ofPowerSources,2009,194.

[4]JinSW,LeeNY.AnExperimentalStudy

on

Applica—

基于STAR—CCM的混合电动汽车电池冷却系统

设计数值仿真研究

王亚雄,王鸿洋

(韩国国立全南大学机械系统学院,光州500757)

摘要:电池组是混合动力电池汽车(HEV)的重要能量供给装置,而电池组的性能几乎全部取决

于其内部温度的影响。因此,设计电池组的冷却系统对于防止内部温度过高和保证相对活性反

应的进行有重要的意义。基于商用数值仿真软件STAR.CCM建立了HEV电池组温度分布的模型,并且用数值分析的方法设计出了冷却系统的进口和散热口的最佳分布位置。关键词:混合动力电池汽车;计算流体动力学;强制对流冷却;电池

中图分类号:U469.7

万方数据

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