基于STARCCM的混合电动汽车电池冷却系统设计数值仿真研究
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HydromechatronicsEngineering
机床与液压
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001—3881.2012.06.002
NumericalInvestigationoftheCoolingSystemDesigningforHEV
Battery
Module
Based
on
STAR-CCM
WANGYaxiong+,WANGHongyang
(Department
ofMechanicalEngineering,ChonnamNational
University,Gwanru
500757,R0Korea)
Abstract:Thebmterypackisthemainpowercomponentofhybridelectricvehicle(HEV).Thetemperatureplays
nant
a
dorni—
rolefortheperformanceofbmtery.Soitisimportant
to
design
a
coolingsystem
to
prevent
thehightemperatureand
ensuretherelativelyactivecode
reaction.The
temperature
distributionofthebatterypackispresentedwiththecommercial
STAR—CCM.The
inletofthecoolingsystemandthepositionofholehavebeendevelopedbythenumericManalysis.
Keywords:Hybrid-electric
vehicle(HEV),Computational
fluid
dynamics(CFD),Forcedconvection,Batterycooling
Thebasicaircoolingmodelusing
an
axialfanisofrotation
1
Introduction
simulatedin
thispaper.Theparameters
speedandthepositionofinletandoutlethavebeen
Energyshortageis
sues
one
ofthemostimportantis takeninto
stor.
account
inthis
model.The
maximumtem—
are
that
we
have
to
faceinthe21“century.Theperatureofbatterypackandtemperaturevariation
ageoftraditional
energylikecoalandoil
islimited
analyzedandpresentedinthispaper.
andharmful
to
theenvironment,andtheemissionof
war—
thefossilfuelacceleratestheprocessofglobalming.Hybridelectric
green
procedure
vehicle(HEV),as
beenwidely
a
kindof
the
ThebatterycellismadebyPPOandcomprisedofaBode,cathode,separatorandanalysis
HEV
transport,has
developedin
world.TotheHEVtechnology,abatterycoolingsys—
temis
a
electrolyte.The
first
crucialpartforpracticalapplications.
are
a
object
is
the60AhNi—MHbatterycellthat
Theresuch
as
varietyofbatteriesused
in
carries15unitbatteries。Theratedvoltageofcoolingfanis12Vwhiletheoperationvoltageisbattery8Vand13.8V.Themaximummassflow
is3.94kg/stestedbyairenters
into
a
Li.ionandNi.MH.Themodelwhichhas
theNi-MHbattery
beenconsideredinthisstudyis
rate
ofthefan
usedinthesmallscaleHEVthatiscommonlyap—plied
in
winddriven
experiment.The
an
thesmall
industrytransport
andthe
thebatterysystemfrom
an
inletand
normalHEV.flows
out
through
outletwherethefanislocated
Received:2012—02—06
%WANGYaxinong.Professor.E—mail:yaxiongwang@ejnu.net
万方数据
WANGYaxiong,etal:NumericalInvestigationoftheCoolingSystemDesigning
:j:罂::::::2:翌翌坐!:::i::i!皇曼:£!竺
::
(Fig.1)
After
a
basicanalysis,theinlet
design
isopti—
mizedtochangethemassflow
rate
ofcoolingair.
Thesecond
object
isthe120AhNi-MHbalery
eelthatiscomposedof100batteryunits,andthe
presentpaperfocuses
on
designingthebestdistancebetweenthe
top
partof
thebatteryandthebattery
—■■—■■__一■_田
●■—l■I
Fig1
Batterycellcooling
2.1
Analysisconditions
Fortheanalysis,theheatconductionand
con—
vectionmustbeconsideredfortheinternalsolidandsurfacesof
battery,respectively.The
following
as-
sumptionshave
to
bemade:
1)Coolingairtemperatureis300K.
2)The
batteryhousingisadiabaticfrom
out‘
side.
3、The
heat
SOUl'Ce
ofbatteryis80W.
4)The
thermalconductivityis10W/mk.
The
Reynoldsnumberofrectangularductinter-
nalflowisInore
than
4100,and
a
Turbulentflow
modelisadopted.Ifthegravityandradiationheat
transfercouldbeignored,thegoverningequationsfor
thismodel
8.1"C
as
follows:
挚立:o
(1)
煎掣一箸+[瞎伴。“『](2)批.
dx。”缸,“…。
警=毒[每O鸭l塑OTx
。
Ox
。。cBj^吨。…j一
ox。彬-j『](s)
万方数据
蠹(^蓑)+VQ=o
(4)
Where,equation(1)isa
continuityequation,e-
quation(2)isa
momentumequation,andequation
(3)is
a
energy
equation.Therefore,equations(1)一
(3)arethegoverningequationsforthefluidregion,
andequation(4)is
theheatconductionequationfor
solid
region.
There
are
manyTurbulent
modelforthiskindof
numerical
analysis,the
K-Epsilonmodel
hasbeen
chosendue
to
itssimpleexpressionoftheboundary
layerandwalleffect.2.2
CFDmeshgeneration
Sincethepurposeofthesimulationisthetem—
peraturedistributionofthebalerypack
andtheflow
condition.theinternalmeshofthebatteryisgenera-ted.Inordertoaccuratelyexpresstheflowandtern-
peratureboundarylayer,adensegridlayerisapplied
atthe
interfacebetweenthebaleryandtheairas
showninFig.2.Theseworks
can
allbedonebythe
softwareSTAR-CCM,andthetotalnumberofmeshis
about1000000.
Fig.2
Slenderlay。rattheinterfaceofbattery
HydmmechatmnicsEngineering
14
机床与液压
2 3
c皿胁呐胁出
Oncethesimulationmodelhasbeen
done,the
temperaturedistributionofthebasisbatterymodelis
presentedinFig.3
Fig.3
Temperaturedistributionofthebasisbatterymodel
Themaximumtemperatureofthebatteryisabout
320K,andthetemperature
deviationisabout15K.
Theseresultsare
consistentwiththeexperimental
re-
sults.Inorder
to
optimizethe
inletdesignofpresent
model,somesmallholesinthetoppartofthebattery
case
wheretheheat
source
iscentralized
areset
upas
showninFig.4.Theresults
are
presentedinFig.5
andFig.6.Thetemperaturedistributionsofthesec。
ondlinefromleftto,49htale
illustratedinFig.7.
Number1
mean8theleftend,while
thenumber5
meanstherightend.
Forthesecondanalysis
object,given
thesame
physicalconditions
andboundaryconditions,thedis。
taneebetweenthebatteryheadandthetoppartofthe
battery
case
ischangedfrom5mmto60mm,i-e.,5
mm,10mm,30mm,45mmand60mm.AsshowninFig.8.thevelocitydistributionsare
presented
at
dif-
ferentdistancessucha8
10mm,30mmand45mm
and
a
significant
changeofconvectioncoefficientis
obtained
on
thesurfaceofbattery.Thedetailedtom-
peraturcdistributions
ale
showninFig.9
万方数据
"“。m,I
l_≯“
Fig5
Theildluenceoihole’8posoion
…盘r…%…
Fig.6
Theinfluenceofhole’snumber
WANGYaxiong,etM:NumehcalInvestigationoftheCoolingSystemDesigning.
:::兰兰::::::2竺型兰:2=:!::::皇曼:!!竺
!:
§姗Ⅲ兰Ⅲ兰Ⅲ曼Ⅲ善.33166
2233266
3
3333崩4
4.334665
暑瑚ⅢⅢ三:Ⅲ螂量埘;.33166
2233266
3
3333.66
44334.66
5
Fig.7
Temperaturedistribution
Fig8
Thedifferentflowwithdistancedifference
(10mm,30him。45mm)
Thefirstanalysis
case
showsthepresentnumeri.
calresultsbySTAR CCM
are
consistentwiththe
ex—
pofimentaldata.Therefore,itcouldreasonablybebe.
万方数据
1ievedthatthepresentnumericaltechniqueisreliable
andallthesimulationresultsbased
on
thistechnique
are
valid.
:;.’,
鬻
誊i、i
};::
:::
濠≮堆:■生斗i
:i:;;::l::
憋爿
爆嘶—霭遁臻灌幽曩■
■圈曰
Fig.9
Thetempemturedistributionwithdistance
difference(5mill,10mm,30mm,45ram,印am)
Inorder
to
obtain
a
beRer
design
ofcoolingsys-
ternforthebatterypack,theinlet
design
isoptimized
andthebestpositionsofholeshavebeenfound.ThemaximumtemperaturesandtemperaturedistributionsofbaRerypack
are
presentedwhenthemassflow
rate
ofcoolingairisbetweenl.57ks/sandl.61kg/s.Itisfoundthatthemassflow
rate
ofcoolingairplays
an
importantroleforthetemperaturedistributionsofbat terypack.
Sincethespeedofcoolingairis
an
important
parametertoimprovetheconvectioncoefficientbe—
tweenbattery
and
air,themostconvenientway
to
im-
provethecoolingperformanceof
baRerypackisto
change
thedistance
between
thebatteryheadandthe
toppartofthebatterycase.Therefore,thereisan叩-
HydromechatronicsEngineering
16
机床与液压
timalproportionbetweenthisdistanceandtheheighttions
ofCrossFlow
Fan[J].JournalofKISS,2009.
ofthebattery.
b
51J
Tao
YB,HeYL,HuangJ,eta1.Numericalstudyoflocal
heattransfercoefficientandfinefficiencyofwavyfin—and
References:
tubeheat
exchangers[J].International
JournalofTher-
realSciences,2009,46.
11J
FrankM.White,FluidMechanics5/E,2005.r}
∞
6YuL
J,Qin
MJ,ZhuP,eta1.Numericalsimulationand
21J
FluentVersion6.1User"sGuide,ComputationalFluid
optimizationofnickel—hydrogenbatteries[J].Journal
of
Dynamics,2000.
PowerSources,2008,17.
31J
Pesaran
AA.Batterythermal
managmentin
EVsand
口
7』KizilelR,SabbahR,SelmanJR.AI—Hallaj.S.,Analter-
HEVs:Issuesand
Solutions
Advanced[J].Automotive
native
coolingsystemtoenhancethesafetyofLi--ionBat--
BatteryConference,2001.
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Packs[J].Journal
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[4]JinSW,LeeNY.AnExperimentalStudy
on
Applica—
基于STAR—CCM的混合电动汽车电池冷却系统
设计数值仿真研究
王亚雄,王鸿洋
(韩国国立全南大学机械系统学院,光州500757)
摘要:电池组是混合动力电池汽车(HEV)的重要能量供给装置,而电池组的性能几乎全部取决
于其内部温度的影响。因此,设计电池组的冷却系统对于防止内部温度过高和保证相对活性反
应的进行有重要的意义。基于商用数值仿真软件STAR.CCM建立了HEV电池组温度分布的模型,并且用数值分析的方法设计出了冷却系统的进口和散热口的最佳分布位置。关键词:混合动力电池汽车;计算流体动力学;强制对流冷却;电池
中图分类号:U469.7
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