解读金属材料表面工程的应用与发展

解读金属材料表面工程的应用与发展 The development and application of surface engineering of metal materials 外表工程学是一门触及资料科学、冶金技能、机械工程等很多范畴的归纳学科，包含外表科学理论、外表工程技能、外表工程技能设计、外表剖析与检测技能、外表质量与技能进程操控工程、外表工程办理与经济剖析等几个方面。其间外表工程技能是和出产实践联络最为亲近的，一起也代表着出产技能水平的高 低。科学技能的开展和前进对出产设备与仪器提出了更高的需要，杂乱多变的工 况检测着资料功能的好坏，必须在确保经济性前提下，归纳运用各种高新技能进步和改进金属资料功能。

Surface engineering is a discipline information science touch induction, metallurgy, mechanical engineering skills in many areas, including the appearance of scientific theory, the appearance of engineering skills, appearance design, engineering skills appearance analysis and detection technology, the surface quality and skills of project management, process control engineering appearance and economic analysis etc.. The appearance of engineering skills and production practice of the most intimate contact, also represents the level of production technology. The development of science and technology and the progress on production

equipment and instrument raised taller requirement, complex working condition detection of a function is good or bad, must ensure that the economy under the premise, summed up using a variety of high-tech progress and improvement of metal materials function.

外表工程技能是运用科技手法对资料外表进行处置，通过改动资料外表和 亚外表的成分、微观安排布局以此来改进和进步其功能，满意运用需要。金属零件在运用进程中的损坏往往是从外表开端的，或因触摸介质的化学腐蚀，或高温环境的氧化和熔化，或冲突工况及磨料介质中的磨损，或杂乱受力下的曲折、改变、拉压或剪切。因而，强化外表成为反抗此类损坏的第一道防地。这些年，外表改性处置、外表涂镀\/层技能和堆焊外表改性技能因其不一样的优点在外表工程技能范畴迅速开展。

The appearance of engineering skills is the use of scientific methods to dispose of the material surface, by changing material surface and appearance composition, micro layout to improve and progress of its function, meet the need. Metal parts damaged in use process is often from the beginning of appearance, or because of chemical corrosion touch medium, oxidation and melting or high temperature environment, or conflict conditions and abrasive medium wear, or clutter under the force of the twists and turns, change, tension or shear.

Therefore, strengthening the appearance to become the first defense line against such damage. These years, surface modification, surface coating and disposal skill and welding surface modification skills because of their different advantages in the appearance of the rapid development of Engineering skills.

外表改性技能包含以喷丸强化、辊压强化为代表的外表强化技能，以各种氧化、钝化成膜的化学转化膜技能，化学气相堆积技能（CVD）与等离子束、激光束等高能束的外表处置技能。外表改性技能是凭借外在介质改进资料的外表功能，不对原资料增加任何化学元素，改性后的资料外表不存在化学元素的增减，仅仅成分的份额和安排布局发生变化。因而，该技能相对于涂镀（层）技能和堆焊外表改性技能要技能简略，只需操控好进程参数即可。不一样的工况环境对资料的需要也不一样，应根据详细的实践需要挑选处置技能。

Surface modification skills include rolling strengthening shot peening, represented by the appearance of strengthening skill, chemical oxidation, passivation film conversion film skill, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique and surface treatment technology of plasma beam, laser beam and high beam. Surface modification with external medium skill is improving appearance, not add any chemical raw materials, the modified material surface does not exist or chemical elements, only

components share and layout changes. Therefore, the skills relative to the coating (layer) skills and welding surface modification skills are skills simple, only need to control process parameters. Need not the same conditions of information is not the same, should be based on the detailed practical need to select management skills.

化学转化膜技能，该技能通过近些年的开展现已完成了不仅在金属资料外表成膜，并且可在陶瓷等非金属外表成膜，膜的厚度也在向着更优更薄的方向开展。如各种碳化钛超导陶瓷薄膜系多晶或外延单晶薄膜、抗高温大功率的半导体用金刚石薄膜以及各种光电子薄膜和集成光学薄膜。铝及其合金的外表改性技能大多选用的是外表成膜技能，在外表构成耐磨、耐蚀、多孔、太阳能热水工程联系性强的高功能薄膜。当前铝合金外表的改性技能主要有：电化学氧化法、化学转化法、微弧氧化技能、等离子写入外表改性、冷喷涂技能、稀土转化膜和激光处置等。高能束外表改性技能，锅炉辅机高能束外表改性技能是运用高能束热源，增加或不加化学元素，对资料外表及亚外表进行重熔或熔覆处置。

Chemical conversion film skill, the skill through in recent years development has been done not only in the metal material surface film, and film on ceramic non-metallic surface, the thickness of the film is also carried out in more and more thin direction. Such as all kinds of titanium carbide ceramic

superconducting thin film is polycrystalline or epitaxial single crystal films, resistance to high temperature and high power semiconductor diamond film and a variety of electronic thin films and integrated optical thin film. Aluminum and its alloy surface modification techniques mostly used is the appearance of film composition skills, high functional film wear and corrosion resistance, porous, with strong in appearance. Skills change the aluminum alloy surface mainly has: the electrochemical oxidation, chemical transformation, micro-arc oxidation, plasma surface modification of writing skills, cold spraying skills, rare earth conversion coating and laser treatment. High energy beam surface modification technique, high energy beam surface modification technique is the use of high energy beam source, increase with or without the addition of chemical elements, remelting and cladding treatment on material surface and sub surface.

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