中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学00 Introduction

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

Environmental Chemistry

Prof. Dr. Jun Yao School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

Contact informationInstructor: Prof. Dr. Jun Yao Tel: 67883036(O) E-mail: junyao@http://www.77cn.com.cn Office: room 909 in Main Building am and pm, or by appointment.

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

What is the course about?This course is about environmental issues and the chemistry behind them. It aims to apply knowledge of chemistry to understand environmental issues. The goal is to provide you the knowledge of how to do a chemist’s share in improving environmental quality.

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

Textbook

Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry, Stanley E. Manahan, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, 1994 and 2000. Chemistry of the Environment Thomas G. Spiro and William M. Stigliani Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 2003.

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

Reference books on reserve-shelfEnvironmental Chemistry, Chemistry, Yianxin Wang China University of Geosciences 1994 Many Chinese books on Environmental Chemistry

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

GradingHomework 1: 40% (Environmental Chemistry in one of the spheres) Homework 2: 20% (Disquisition,or theses) Exam: 40%

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

For more informationhttp://www.77cn.com.cn www.epa.gov http://www.77cn.com.cn/cen

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

What is environmental chemistry?"What is environmental chemistry? This question is a little difficult to answer because environmental Chemistry encompasses many different topics. It may involve a study of Freon reactions in the stratosphere or an analysis of toxic deposits in ocean sediments. It also covers the chemistry and biochemistry of volatile and soluble organometallic compounds biosynthesized by anaerobic bacteria.

Environmental chemistry is the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in water, soil, and air environments."

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

What does an environmental chemist do?Prevent Environmental deterioration 退化 Environmental Chemist Environmental Clean-up

Environmental Measurement & Monitoring

Environmental Research

Environmental Regulation

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

The Environmental Industry in the U.S. in 1995Sector Engineering & Consulting Environmental Chem. Labs Remediation Solid waste landfills & transport Incineration (waste to energy) Recycling Water supply & treatment Air quality Equipment/New technology Asbestos removal Medical wastes Underground storage Total for environmental Industry Amount $12.5 billion $1.5 billion $11 billion $33 billion $2 billion $11 billion $30 billion $6 billion $11 billion $2 billion $1 billion $2 billion $123 billion Percent 10.2% 1.2% 8.9% 26.8% 1.6% 8.9% 24.4% 4.9% 8.9% 1.6% 0.8% 1.6% 100%

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995“for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone”

Paul J Cruzen

Mario J Molina

F. Sherwood Rowland

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

Press Release: The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry KUNGL. VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 11 October 1995

“Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland have all made pioneering contributions to explaining how ozone is formed an

d decomposes through chemical processes in the atmosphere. Most importantly, they have in this way showed how sensitive the ozone layer is to the influence of anthropogenic emissions of certain compounds. The thin ozone layer has proved to be an Achilles heel that may be seriously injured by apparently moderate changes in the composition of the atmosphere. …”NOTE: Achilles’ heel: A seemingly small but mortal weakness. [From Achilles’ being vulnerable only in the heel.]

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

Press Release: The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry KUNGL. VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 11 October 1995

(Continued) …By explaining the chemical mechanisms

that affect the thickness of the ozone layer, the three researchers have contributed to our salvation from a global environmental problem that could have catastrophic consequences.” consequences.”灾难性结果

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

How this knowledge evolves?Ozone formation: Chapman Theory O2+ uv-light -> 2 O O+O2+M -> O3+M Where M is a random air molecule (O2 or N2)

Chapman theory describes how sunlight converts the various forms of oxygen from one to another, explains why the highest content of ozone occur in the layer between 15 and 50 km, termed the ozone layer

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

The Chapman theory, however, overestimates the ozone contents. Thus, there must be other chemical reactions contributing to the reduction of the ozone content. In 1970, Paul Crutzen showed that the nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 react catalytically (without themselves being consumed) with ozone, thus accelerating the rate of reduction of the ozone content.NO

NO + O3 -> NO2 + O2 NO2+O -> NO+O2 O3+uv-light -> O2+O ______________________ Net result: 2O3 -> 3O2Microorganism N2O

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

Two important chemistry contributions leading to the discovery of the link between freons and ozone depletion James Lovelock (England) had developed a highly sensitive device of measuring extremely low organic gas contents in the atmosphere, the electron capture detector. Using this he could now demonstrate that the exclusively man-made, manchemically inert, CFC gases had already spread globally throughout the atmosphere. Richard Stolarski and Ralph Cicerone (USA) had shown that free chlorine atoms in the atmosphere can decompose ozone catalytically in similar ways as nitrogen oxides do.

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

Spray cans and refrigerators damage the ozone layerIn 1974, Molina and Rowland proposed in their Nature article that the chemically inert CFC could gradually be transported up to the ozone layer, there to be met by such intensive ultra-violet light that they ultrawould be separated into their constituents, notably chlorine atoms. They calculated that if human use of CFC gases was to continue at an unaltered rate the ozone layer would be depleted by many percent after some decades.

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

Discovery of the ozone holeThe Englishman Joseph Farman and his colleagues noted a drastic depletion of the ozone layer (mean monthly value in October), over Halley Bay the Antarctic, the "ozone hole

“.

中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学课件

OutlinePart I: Introduction to course and Environment and its Chemistry (HW 1) Part II: Atmosphere Part III: Hydrosphere (HW 2) Part IV: Biosphere Exam

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