人教版新目标英语 初三 中考总复习语法串讲提纲总结--主谓一致篇

中考词法专项讲解-----动词的主谓一致

中考研究

中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三方面：

1. 学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；the + 姓氏名词复数作主语；动名词作主语； 一些以-s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news, physics; neither, either of …等

2. 主语后带有with, except, together等介词短语。

3. 就近原则。如there be句型，either …or…, neither …nor…等

知识精讲

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和单复数上保持一致。

主谓一致必须遵守三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近原则。

一、 语法一致原则

主语和谓语通常在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语就用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语用复数形式。

1.单数名词（代词）、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；

复数名词（代词）作主语时，谓语用复数形式。

That’s a good idea. What is a soap opera? The desk is Tom’s.

Some water is in the bottle. The students are playing football on the playground.

2.当and和both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

Tomatoes and potatoes are vegetables. Both Lucy and Lily are students.

3.不定代词either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Everybody gets tired sometimes. There is something wrong with my bike.

Everyone else in my class was invited except me, and I don’t know why.

4.由each, each …, every …作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Each boy was given a new book.

5.在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致

together with

along with ( 或with)

besides (或but/except) A as well as + B + 谓语动词+ 其它

including

rather than

like

in addition to

However, life with a pig isn’t always perfect. The captain, as well as the other players, was tired.

6.用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither等+ of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every one of the students is studying hard. Neither of the girls is pretty.

7.“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of) + 名词”和“分数或百分数 + 名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。

A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.

Most of the pupils live in the school dormitories.

Lots of people have been there.

Most of the computers are bought from Beijing.

8.由“a pair (a kind, a series …) + of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，“pairs(kinds) of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

A pair of scissors is is lying on the floor.

Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.

9.某些只有复数形式的名词（clothes, trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves…作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 My shoes are worn out.

10.不定式或V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Gift giving is different in different countries.

In Sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift.

二、原则

意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词是单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。

1.集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据主语的意思来决定。如：family(家庭，家人)，crew(全体工作人员)，crowd(人群)，company(公司，伙伴)，audience（观众），committee(团体，公众)，government（政府），group（一群人，组）。

如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Although I’m Australian, my family is Jewish.

But my host family is really nice.

2.集体名词people(人们)，police(警察)，cattle(牲口,家畜)，poultry(家禽)等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但clothing(衣服) ,traffic(交通), furniture(家具)等无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 People in China and Europe have different ideas about etiquette.

While the police were coming, Linda walked around the station and called Davy’s name.

Our warm clothing protects us against the cold.

There isn’t any traffic on the road at the moment.

3.表示度量、价格、长度的名词复数、词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Three years is a long time.

Fifty yuan was paid to Mr Green.

4.数学运算作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

What is three times three? 5.

New York Times has a wide circulation.

The United States is a country in the north of America.

6.主语形式为复数但意义为单数如：news, works,或一些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如：physics, politics, maths等时，谓语动词用单数形式。但trousers, shoes, glasses等均为复数名词，他们在句中作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数形式，不过，当他们前面有a (this) pair of 等修饰时，后面的谓语动词需用单数形式。 The news is very exciting.

My trousers are too long.

三、就近原则

1.由or, either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…连接并列主语时，谓语动词要和靠近它的主语一致。 One or two days are enough to see the city.

2.在there be或here be 句型中，如果有并列的两个名词作主语，谓语动词要和靠近它的主语一致。 There is a girl and four boys in the room.

There are four boys and a girl in the room.

四、容易混淆的几种用法比较

1.并列连词and连接并列主语的几种情况

(1)两个或多个单数名词、不可数名词或代词并列共同作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

Tom and Jim are going to Beijing tomorrow.

(2)当and 连接的两个名词指同一人或物，(即and后无冠词时),谓语动词用单数形式。

The worker and writer is coming tomorrow.

(3)当and连接的两个单数名词前都有every, each或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

Each boy and each girl is going to take part in the sports meeting next week.

Neither Lucy nor Carol has any money left.

Both Jim and his father have gone fishing.

3.”the + 姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”，当其在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Black enjoy working in China.

4.the number of, a number of

the number of 表示“……的数目”，谓语动词用单数

a number of 表示“若干，许多”，后接名词或代词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。

The number of the villagers is about 70.

A number of the children are from other countries.

5.one of +名词复数 + 谓语动词单数，表示“其中之一”

One of the policemen has worked for 30 hours.

6.what从句作主语

what从句作主语时，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。

What he wanted to know was why they didn’t tell him.

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