高级英语第二册1-4,6,10课(张汉熙主编)课后paraphrase原句+译文

Lesson 1

1. We're elevated 23 feet.

We're 23 feet above sea level.

2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.

The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.

3. We can batten down and ride it out.

We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.

4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out.

Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.

5. Everybody out the back door to the cars!

Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.

6. The electrical systems had been killed by water.

The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.

7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.

As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.

8. Get us through this mess, will you?

Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.

9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.

Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.

10. Janis had just one delayed reaction.

Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.

Lesson 2

1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.

The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.

2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.

All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).

3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.

They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.

4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lighting speed.

Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.

5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews.

Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.

6. …every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.

Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.

7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.

However, a white -skinned European is always quite noticeable.

8. In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.

9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.

No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．

10. …for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.

life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．

11．She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.

She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．

12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible.

People with brown skins are almost invisible．

13．Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms,…

The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies．

14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?

How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?

15．Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N.C.Os. marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．

Lesson 3

1．And it is an activity only of human.

And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．

2．Conversation is not for making a point.

Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．

3．In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.

In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．

4．Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.

People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives．

5. …it could still go ignorantly on…

The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．

6．There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).

These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．

7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.

The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers．

8．English had come royally into its own.

The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．

9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.

The phrase，the King's English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes． The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．

10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.

There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．

11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us.”

There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn't regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself．

12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.

Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard，formal English all the time in their conversation．

Lesson 4

1. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe...

Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.

2. This much we pledge—and more.

This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.

3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.

United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.

4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.

5. …our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace…

The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.

6. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run…

We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.

7. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction…

Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place

8. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war…

Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.

9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness,…

So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.

11. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.

Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country .

12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our

deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love,…

Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.

Lesson6

1. Science is committed to the universal.

Science is engaged in the task of making its basic concepts understood and accepted by scientists all over the world.

2. The Fiesta appears to have sunk without a trace.

The car model, called Fiesta, seems to have disappeared completely.

3. It was the automotive equivalent of the International Style.

The idea of a world car is similar to the idea of having a world style for architecture.

4. As in architecture, so in automaking.

Things that are happening in auto making are similar to those happening in architecture.

5. No longer quite an individual, no longer quite the product of a unique geography and culture.

The modern man no longer has very distinct individual traits shaped by a special environment and culture．

6. The price he pays is that he no longer has a home in the traditional sense of the word.

The disadvantage of being a cosmopolitan is that he loses a home in the old sense of the world．

7．The benefit is that he begins to suspect home in the traditional sense in another name for limitations.

The benefit of being a cosmopolitan is that he begins to think the old kind of home probably restricts his development and activities．

8．The universalizing imperative of technology is irresistable.

The compelling force of technology to universalize cannot be resisted．

9．...when every artist thought he owed it to himself to turn his back on the Eiffel Tower, as a protest against the architectural blasphemy,

When every artist thought it was his duty to show his contempt for and objection to the Eiffel Tower which they considered an irreverent architectural structure.

10．...a mobile, extra human plasticity which was absolutely new.

a flexible and pliable quality that was beyond human powers and absolutely new.

11．It has thus undermined an article of faith: the thingliness of things.

People used to firmly believe that the things they saw around them were real solid substances but this has now been thrown into doubt by science,

12. That, perhaps,establishes the logical limit of the modern aesthetic.

This is perhaps the furthest limit of how solid objective things may be disappearing．

lesson 10

1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged…

At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.

2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was,in any case, inevitable.

In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.

3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure….

The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.

4. …it was tempted,in America at least,to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication..

In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.

5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,...

The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.

6….our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.

Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.

7. …they‖wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up‖

The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.

8. …they had outgrown towns and families….

These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.

9. …the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition,…

The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.

10. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…

(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.

11….it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and ―Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center…

It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings extremely opposed war, Babbittry and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.

12.Each town had its ―fast‖set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…

Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.

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