上海版牛津英语8B Unit4 知识点梳理&配套双基

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八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习

八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习

Unit 4 A New Newspaper

知识点梳理:

I 词组

1 soon after 不久之后 2 publish a newspaper 出版一份报纸 3 hold a meeting 举行会议 4 write a report about sth. for sb. 就某事写一篇报告给某人 5 after school 放学后 6 at the next meeting 在下一次会议上 7 decide to do 决定做某事 8 elect sb. to be sth. 选某人做? 9 the chief editor 主编 10 vote for sb. 投票给某人 11 take charge of 负责? 12 ought (not) to = should (not) 应该 13 ask for suggestions 征求建议 14 class / school newspaper 班/校报 15 the Reading Club 读书俱乐部 16 take notes 做记录,做笔记 17 different sections of the newspaper 报纸的不同栏目 18 talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事 19 make a list of sth. 列出?的清单 20 be free to sb. 对某人是免费的 21 pay sb. money for sth. 为?付给某人钱 22 have different ideas 意见各异 23 a bit longer (时间)久一点 24 make a decision about sth. 做决定 25 agree to do 同意做某事 26 agree with sb. 同意某人 27 agree on sth. 在?上达成一致 28 conclude the meeting 结束会议 29 in one week?s time = in a week 一个星期后

II. 词性转换

1. consider (v.) 考虑 (in)considerate (a.) (不)体谅人的

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八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习

2. publish (v.) 出版 publishing (n.) 出版 publisher (n.) 出版者(社) 3. edit (v.) 编辑 editor (n.) 编辑 4. choice (n.) 入选者 choose – chose – chosen (v.) 选择 5. vote (v.) 投票 voter (n.) 投票人 6. elect (v.) 选举 elector (n.) 选举人 election (n.) 选举 7. suggest (v.) 提议 suggestion (n.) 建议 8. experience (n.) 经验 experienced (a.) 有经验的 9. brief (a.) 简短的 briefly (ad.) 简短地 10. decide (v.) 决定 decision (n.) 决定 11. conclude (v.) 结束 conclusion (n.) 结论 12. responsible (a.) 有责任的 responsibility (n.) 责任 13. (dis)agree (v.) (不)同意 (dis)agreement (n.) (不)同意 14. read (v.) 阅读 reader (n.) 读者

III. 语言点

1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight students at Mayfield School wanted to publish a newspaper.

soon after 意为“不久之后,稍后”。即可作副词短语,用作时间状语;也可作连接词,引导时间状语从句。 2. They held a meeting.

句中的hold作动词,意为“举行”。此处hold可用have代替。 3. We elected Joyce to be the chief editor. elect此处意为“选举,推选”。

elect sb. to be … 意为“选举某人担任?(职务)” 也可表示为: elect sb. as …

4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, because she has experience. 句中experience作不可数名词,意为“经验”。当作不可数名词时,意为“经历”。 have experience可意为be experienced。 5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 句中的charge为名词,意为“任务,责任”。常见的搭配有:take charge of 和in charge of 。 此处take charge of与be in charge of与be responsible for可替换。 6. She said that we ought to elect a secretary next. ought to是个助动词,意为“应该”,与should同意。 7. She asked for suggestions.

ask sb. for ….意为“向某人寻求?” suggestion意为“建议”,为可数名词;与advice的不同之处在于,advice为不可数名词。 8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves..

句中talk sth. over是“详细讨论”的意思,也可用“discuss sth.”来表示。 9. Should it be free to readers, or should they pay for it?

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八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习

free意为“免费的”,be free to sb.意为“对?免费” pay for意为“付款”。

【比较】spend, cost, take, pay

(1)spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型: (sb.) spend some money/some time on sth.

(sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.

(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语it或物。句式是: It takes/took sb.some time to do sth=Sth.takes sb.some time. (3) pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,往往是

sb. pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如: (4) cost的主语必须是某物。常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money。

10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer. have different ideas意为“意见各异”。 a bit意为“一点”。1)a bit不能直接修饰名词,须用a bit of。2)a bit可修饰形容词及形容词副词的比较级,作程度状语。 11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then. agree to do something意为“同意做某事”; agree with意为“同意,赞成?”,后接表示人或意见观点的词; agree on/upon/about意为“在某方面达成一致意见”。

IV. 语法

情态动词

一、主要特征。

情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句,通常把情态动词放在主语前;构成否定句,not放在情态动词之后,其缩写形式为can?t, mustn?t, needn?t, shouldn?t等。 二、主要用法。

1. 用can, could和be able to表示能力。 (1) can意为“能够”,否定形式为cannot或can?t。 如:He can speak five foreign languages.

(2) could是can的过去式。因此,对于过去的时间(如yesterday, last week等),我们不用can或can?t,而用could和couldn?t。

如:When I was young, I could run very fast.

(3) be able to一般可以代替can,也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could),而be able to则有更多的时态形式。 如:My little brother has been able to write.

2. 用must与mustn?t, have to与don?t have to, needn?t表示义务。 (1) must用以表示“必须做某事”或“一定要做某事”,具有强制性,表示一定的责任或义

务。

如:The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.

(2) mustn?t是must的否定形式,表示“禁止;绝不允许”,具有强制性。

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八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习

如:You mustn’t play football in the street.

(3) must没有过去时,要表达过去的含义,我们可使用had to代替must。

此外,have to侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定,并非说话者本人能够控制。

如:We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.

(4) don?t have to与needn?t是“不必”的意思,没有强制性。两者意思相近,但在使用时,前者有人称、时态的变化;后者没有人称变化,而且一般表示现在时间的含义。 如:It has just rained, so he doesn’t have to water the garde(n.)

You needn’t swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel. (5) must用于一般疑问句中,其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。

如:Must we go now? 我们一定要走吗? - Yes, we must. 是的,我们一定要走。 - No, we mustn’t. 不,我们不可以走。

Must I finish the work this week? 我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗? - Yes, you must. 是的,你一定要完成。 - No, you needn’t. 不,你不一定要完成。

从以上例子中可以看出,用must提问的一般疑问句,否定回答并不一定是mustn?t。根据实际含义和情况,我们需要正确选用mustn?t或needn?t来回答。 3. 用can, could与may表示“许可”。

(1) 在请求对方的许可,或是准许你做某事时,常用情态动词can, could和may。can最为常用;could较为婉转,更有礼貌;may则比较正式。

如:Can I open the window? - Yes, you ca(n.) / No, you can?t. Could I borrow a pencil, please? -Yes, certainly. / No, I?m afraid not. May I leave early today? - Yes, you may. / No, you may not. (2) 表示给予许可时,通常用can或may,而不用could。

如:Could I borrow a pencil? - Of course you ca(n.) May I sit here? - No, you may not. 4. 用can, could与would表示“请求”。

当我们需要别人的帮助时,常使用can, could和would这三个情态动词进行提问,但在回答时,could和would则很少使用。

如:Can you open the window? - Yes, I ca(n.) Could you pass me the salt, please? - Yes, certainly.

Would you help me carry my suitcase? - No, I?m afraid not. 常见的肯定回答:Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right. 常见的否定回答:I?m afraid I can?t / Of course not. 5. 用must和can?t表示“猜测”。

(1) must表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握,意为“肯定;一定”。 如:Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.

(2) can?t表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生,意为“不可能”。

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八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习

如:You?ve just had lunch. You can’t be hungry. 6. 用should和ought to表示“义务”和“建议”。

(1) should和ought to表示应该做某事,或做某事的动机是正确的。一般可以相互替换。 如:You should / ought to put your rubbish in the bi(n.) (2) ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn?t to。构成疑问句,把ought提前至主语前。 如:You ought not to watch TV for too long. Ought we to discuss the work now?

(3) should和ought to用在疑问句中时,常用来询问他人的见解或建议。 如:Ought I to finish my homework now? - Yes, you ought to.

(4) should和must的区别在于:前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为或给予他人一些建议,不具备强制性;而后者意为“必须”,用于规定或约束他人的行为,具有强制性。 如:You shouldn’t be cruel to animals.

You mustn’t park you car here. Drive it away immediately. (5) should和ought to常与动词think连用。

如:I think Carol should buy some new clothes. It?s late. I think I ought to go home now. 宾语从句 一、概念。

在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 二、语序。

宾语从句的构成为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”,其语序是陈述句语序。 三、引导词。

1. 如从句是陈述句,用连接词that引导(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略)。 如:We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.

2. 如从句是特殊提问句,用连接副词why, when, where, how或连接代词who(m), what, which引导。

如:Do you know why I like team sports?

I don?t know how they got the tickets. 3. 如从句是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if引导(口语中常用if)。if和whether

意为“是否”。

如;I don?t know whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.

4. 如从句是选择疑问句,多用连接词whether引导,特别是与or not连用时。 如:I don?t know whether they will come for our help or not. 四、时态。

1. 如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 如:I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year. I have heard that he will come back next week.

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