高考英语写作指导-审题及遣词造句

高 中 英 语 书 面 表 达 (Ⅱ)

------如何审题、如何遣词造句

1、书面表达解题步骤： 1）、审，即：审定体裁、题材、人 称、时态、结构等； 2）、编，即：编写要点，按顺序列出； 3）、写，即：连词成句，连句成文； 4）、查，即：查内容，查格式，查语法，查书写等。

2、如何审题？

最近，你校师生帮助辍学的李明同学返校。请根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观介绍这一情况。 李明情况 师生情况 1、学习好；品德好； 1、震惊； 2、父病故；母病重； 2、捐款、募捐； 3、退学； 3、使李明返校学习； 注意：1、信的开头已为你写好。 2、词数：100左右。

3、参考词汇：捐款 offer money; 募捐collect money 1、审定体裁、题材；________________ 2、审定人称；_________________________ 3、审定时态；_________________________ 4、审定要点；___________________________ 5、审定结构。______________________________ 学生习作1： Dear editor，

I’m writing to tell you what the teachers and students have done to help a student who discontinued his studies in our school. Li Ming was one top students of of our school. He was good at his studies and always ready to help others. However, he has to leave school. His father died and

his mother is seriously ill in bed.

The whole school was shocked at the news and anxious about it. Quickly they decided to help him out. Every teacher and student offered money to him and some students went to look after his mother in turn. At weekends they went out to collect money.

With their help, Li Ming will return to school soon. That’s all. Thank you. Yours,

Wei Fang

3、如何遣词造句？

增强书面表达效果的技巧

（1）. 使用较高级的词汇: 词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。 Practice：

1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. ________________________, our journey was comfortable. 2.We all think he is a great man. We all _______________________. 3. She went to Austria in order to study music. She went to Austria_______________________. （2）. 使用较丰富的句式: 运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉 。（感叹句，强调句 ，倒装句 ，省略句 ，with短语 ，V-ing形式，过去分词，

定语从句 ，各种名词性从句 ，各种状语从句 ） 1）掌握5种简单句句型 1、主语＋ vi.

2、主语＋ vt. ＋宾语； 3、主语＋连系动词＋表语； 4、主语＋ vt. ＋双宾语； 5、主语＋ vt. ＋复合宾语； 6、There be …

2)书面表达五大常用句型 1、There be 句型；

2、It is (was) + 被强调部分 + that (who) … ；

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3、it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句型；

4、to…/ in order to…/ so as to…/ so that…/ in order that… 表示“目的”

5、so…that…/such…that…/so…as to…/…enough to…/too…to… 表示“结果” 3）、Practice：

1 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）. _________________________________________________l. 2. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句） ____________________________________________________ 3. Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒装句)

____________________________________________________ （3）. 使用恰当的连接词: 使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。 A. 常用的连接词

1）. 表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容

另外，还有：what is more; besides; also; moreover; in addition 2）. 表示转折关系

但是，然而，相反：but; however; yet; instead; on the other hand; on the contrary.

3）. 表示因果关系

因为，因此，所以: since; as; because (of ); so; thus; therefore; as a result; 4）. 表示条件关系

如果，只要: if ;on condition ( that ); as long as 除非: unless否则: or else 5）. 表示时间关系

当… 的时候 : when ; while 在…之后: after 在…之前: before 直到:

until

一…就… : as soon as后来， 然后: later; afterwards 不久: soon 近来: lately; recently 自从… :since 从那时起: from then on 6）. 表示特定的顺序关系

首先，最主要的: above all 其次: secondly然后: then; next 最后: finally; in the end 7）. 换一种方法表述

换句话说: in other words; that is to say; 8）. 进行举例说明

例如，比如: for instance; for example; like; such as 9）. 用于陈述事实

实际上: in fact; actually; as a matter of fact 跟你说实话 : to tell you the truth

10）. 对一个话题进行总结

总而言之，总的来说: on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in a word

11）. 其它常用到的副词

Therefore ; otherwise ; finally ; furthermore ;Thus ; namely ; although ; afterwards ; personally; B. 、Practice：

1`.Xiao Ming was walking in the street he heard someone cry for help. 2. He advised that I hire a car I could travel around in the west . 3.Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. , it may make us fat. 4、学生习作欣赏与评比！

学生习作2 Dear editor，

I’m writing to tell you what the teachers and students have done to help a student who discontinued his studies in our school. Li Ming is a student of our school. He is not only good at his studies but also always ready to help others. But he had to leave school because his father died and his mother is seriously ill. As a result, he had to make money to help his family.

Hearing the news, all the teachers and students were shocked. In order to help Li Ming, we decided to offer money to him and some students went out to collect money for him in the streets.

With our help, Li Ming has already returned to school. With best wishes! Yours,

Wei Fang 高考作文欣赏

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给澳大利亚的朋友写一封信，谈谈减负给学生的学习和生活带来的变化。 习作1（17分）:

I will tell you the changes of my life. Before, we had many classes every day. I had to do a lot of homework after school. I went to bed at 11:30 in the evening. I had no time to play. I was very tired.

Now I can visit museums. I can learn computer and drawing. In the evening, I can read books and newspapers and watch TV. I go to bed at 10:00 now.

习作2（满分25分）:

I’m very pleased to tell you the changes in my life since our homework has reduced. Before that, learning during the day was very simple. Having class and doing homework was the only thing we should do. In the evening, we also had a lot of homework to do. We could not go to bed until 11:30. Nevertheless, since reducing the learning load, my life has become much more interesting. I often visit museums and computer rooms and draw pictures in my spare time. In the evening, I also have time to watch TV and read newspapers. I no longer stay up late; on the contrary, I go to bed at about 10 pm.

In short, I am quite satisfied with my life now.

5、Homework:Writing.

联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况： 1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。

2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。

3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。 注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。 2）词数：100-120之间。

附：

1.作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种： 1．开门见山，揭示主题 文章一开头，，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是： I Spent my last vacation happily．

下面是题为\谈诚实)一文中的开头：

Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a \，and is looked upon by honest people． 2．交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头 在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如\去金山旅游)的开头：

The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3. 回忆性的开头

用回忆的方法来开头。例如\aishan Mountain\泰山游)的开头是：

I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4．概括性的开头

即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5．介绍环境式的开头

即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:

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It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner. 6．交待写作目的的开头。

在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如 \控制污染)的开头：

In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 2.文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种： 1．首尾呼应，画龙点睛

在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如\我忘不了她)的结尾：

After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 2．重复主题句

结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾：

I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland. 3. 自然结尾

随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾：

I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late. 4．含蓄性的结尾

用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾：

Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a

smile.

5．用反问结尾

虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如 \我们要不要学做家务?) 的结尾。

Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls? 6．指明方向，激励读者 结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾：

As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports.

文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。

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