GCT英语语法二：定语从句

GCT英语语法二：定语从句

定语从句 关联词：（1）关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose （2）关系副词：when，where，why （一）关系代词： 2种作用：（1）作为关系词：连接主句和从句

（2）作为代词：充当从句中的主语、宾语和定语 指人：who（主格，宾格），whom（宾格） 指物：which（主格、宾格） 指人和物：that（主格、宾格），whose（所有格） 1、who和whom的区别

（1）who：既可以充当主语，也可以充当宾语；whom：只能充当宾语 E.g.

He is the man（先行词）who wants to see you.（先行词在从句中充当主语） He is the man whom you wanted to talk to.（先行词在从句中充当talk to的宾语）

He is the best man who you can find can repair the car within an hour.（先行词在第一重从句中充当find的宾语，在第二重从句中充当主语） （2）介词+whom

E.g. He is the man whom you just talked to.——He is the man to whom you just talked. He is the man on whom you can rely.——He is the man whom you can rely on. 注：

这里的talk和rely均为不及物动词（vi.），所以当这些词后面要加宾语时，必须加上介词：vi.+prep.+宾语

2、That和which的区别

That：既可以指人也可以指物；which：只能指物 （1）只能够用that的情况： ①先行词被序数词、最高级修饰

This is the worst movie that I've ever seen.

This is the second city that I travelled last year.

②先行词为不定代词：all，little，everything，nothing，ever，anything etc You should tell us all that you knew about the accident. We haven't got much that we can offer you. I've explained everything that I can tell you. ③先行词中有the one，the only，the very I mean the one that you talked about just now.

Mike is the only one that got full marks in our class. This is the very pen that I've lost. ④先行词中同时有人和物

Do you know the things and persons that they were talking about.

The bicycle and its rider that ran over an old man were taken to the police station. （2）只能够用which的情况：

①非限定性定语从句中必须用which

His speech , which bored everyone, went on and on.

Shanghai, which lies in the east of China, is a beautiful and modern city. ②介词+which

This is the book of which I'm speaking. Speak of sth；speak in+语言；speak to sb This is the book to which I referred. Refer to sth ③先行词为句子时，可以用which/as

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which（as）is known to all.

He was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered as a great honor. As had been expected, he won the first prize in the speech contest.. Which和as的区别：

Which：既可充当主语，也可充当宾语，但不可以位于句首

As：只可充当主语，可以位于句首

①先行词中有the same，或such时，用as He uses the same dictionary as I do. We had such fruit as you've never seen. ②固定搭配的短语：

As is known to the world(all), As is mentioned above,

3、Whose的用法（作定语，既可以指人也可以指物）

指人：She is the girl whose mother is the headmaster of our school. 指物：He went into the house whose door is red. 当whose指物时：whose+n.=the+n.+of+which He went into the house,the door of which is red.

That is the book whose cover is red.=That is the book,the cover of which is red. （二）关系副词：why，when，where 2种作用：（1）作为关系词：连接主句和从句 （2）作为副词：充当从句中的状语

1、Why=for which 先行词为the reason

句型：the reason （why+结果）is （that +原因） ——定语从句 ——表语从句

E.g.1 The reason why he failed the final exam is that he did not study hard. E.g.2 I do not know the reason why/for which he did such a stupid thing. 2、When和where=介词+which （1）when：when=on/at/in+which

On+具体的某一天；at+具体的点时间；in+一段较长的时间（年、月、季节等）

At dawn黎明；in the morning；at noon；in the afternoon；at dusk傍晚；in the evening；at night E.g.1. I'll never forget the day when/on which we first met. the year in which the summer in which the moment at which

the Monday morning on which the dusk at which

E.g.2 Tell me the exact time when/at which he is to arrive in Beijing. Be about to do sth：表示将来时 （2）where：where=in/at+which In+大地方（城市、国家、大洲等）；at+小地方（hospital，park，office etc） E.g. I'll never forget the city where /in which we first met. the office/the station at which The farm on which *on the farm 在农场（固定搭配）

3、Which & when / where

E.g.1 I'll never forget the city which we visited last night. 先行词虽然表示地点，但是在从句中充当visit的宾语，故用which the days which we spent together. 先行词虽然表示时间，但是在从句中充当spend的宾语，故用which *花费：spend的用法：sb spend time/money on sth/(in) doing sth take的用法：It takes sb time/money to do sth. E.g.2 I don't know the room where he lives. which he lives in. in which he lives. E.g.3 That is the day when he was born. which he was born on. on which he was born.

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