江麓QTZ315塔吊说明书

QTZ315塔式起重机 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE

使

用

说

明

书

江麓机电科技有限公司

JIANGLU ELECTROMECHANICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

QTZ315塔式起重机使用说明 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE

目录第一册

1. 概述

2. 塔机性能和技术指标2.1 技术性能参数

2.2 起重性能表

2.3 供电要求

3. 塔机工作型式

3.1 轨道行走式

3.2 底架式

3.3 底架附着式

3.4 独立固定式

3.5 固定附着式

3.6 内爬式

4. 塔机构造

4.1 金属结构

4.1.1 底架

4.1.2 塔身标准节

4.1.3 起重臂

4.1.4 平衡臂

4.1.5 上、下支座

4.1.6 回转塔身

4.1.7 塔顶

4.1.8 驾驶室

4.1.9 爬升架

4.1.10 附着架

4.2 传动机构

4.2.1 起升机构

4.2.2 变幅机构

4.2.3 回转机构

4.2.4 行走机构

4.3 辅助装置

4.3.1 电缆卷线器

Contents

V olume Ⅰ

1. General description

2. Performance and technical index for tower crane

2.1 Technical performance parameter

2.2 Hoisting performance table

2.3 Power supply requirements

3. Working versions of tower crane

3.1 Rail-travelling version

3.2 Undercarriage version

3.3 Undercarriage attached version

3.4 Independent stationary version

3.5 Stationary attached version

3.6 Climbing version

4. Tower crane structure

4.1 Metal structure

4.1.1 Undercarriage

4.1.2 Tower standard section

4.1.3 Jib

4.1.4 Counter-jib

4.1.5 Upper & lower abutments

4.1.6 Slewing tower

4.1.7 Cat head

4.1.8. Cabin

4.1.9 Climbing frame

4.1.10 Attached frame

4.2 Driving mechanism

4.2.1 Hoisting mechanism

4.2.2 Derricking mechanism

4.2.3 Slewing mechanism

4.2.4 Travelling mechanism

4.3 Auxiliary equipment

4.3.1 Cable winder

QTZ315塔式起重机使用说明 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE

4.3.2 液压顶升系统

4.3.3 起升绕绳系统

4.3.4 小车牵引绕绳系统

4.3.5 起升钢绳防扭装置

4.4 电控系统

4.4.1概述

4.4.2 结构简介

4.4.2.1 电源行走箱

4.4.2.2 驾驶室电气控制

4.4.2.3 卷扬电控箱及电抗箱

4.4.2.4 回转、小车电控箱

4.4.3 原理介绍

4.4.3.1电源、照明、风速及信号指示电路4.4.3.2 起动电路

4.4.3.3 起升电路

4.4.3.4 小车牵引电气控制

4.4.3.5 回转电气控制

4.4.3.6 行走电器控制

4.4.3.7 液压顶升

4.4.3.8 力矩和重量保护电路

4.4.3.8.1力矩保护电路

4.4.3.8.2重量保护电路

4.4.4 电气操作

4.4.5 安装

4.4.6 调试

4.4.7 变频器的维修和检查

4.5 电气保护装置及其调整

4.5.1 零位保护

4.5.2 断路器保护

4.5.3 电源指示装置

4.5.4 行走限位器4.3.2 Hydraulic climbing system

4.3.3 Hoisting winding rope system

4.3.4 Crab travel winding system

4.3.5Anti-twist device of hoisting wire ropes

4.4 Electrical control system

4.4.1 General description

4.4.2 Structure briefing

4.4.2.1 Power travelling box

4.4.2.2 Electrical control in cabin

4.4.2.3 Winding electrical control box, reactance box and reactance box

4.4.2.4 Slewing crab electrical control box 4.4.3 Principle

4.4.3.1 Power supply, lighting, wind speed and signal indicating circuit

4.4.3.2 Starting circuit

4.4.3.3 Hoisting circuit

4.4.3.4 Electrical control for crab travel mechanism

4.4.3.5 Slewing electrical control

4.4.3.6 Electrical control for traveling mechanism

4.4.3.7 Hydraulic climbing

4.4.3.8 Moment and weight protection circuit

4.4.3.8.1 Moment protection circuit

4.4.3.8.2 Weight protection circuit

4.4.4 Electrical operation

4.4.5 Erection

4.4.6 Adjusting and testing

4.4.7 Maintenance and inspection for the inverter

4.5 Electrical protective devices and its adjustment

4.5.1 Zero position protection

4.5.2 Disconnector protection

4.5.3 Power supply indicating device

4.5.4 Trolley travelling limiter

QTZ315塔式起重机使用说明 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE

4.5.5 高度限位器

4.5.6 变幅限位器

4.5.7 回转限位器

4.5.8 力矩保护

4.5.8.1 臂根点调整

4.5.8.2 臂尖点校核

4.5.9 起重保护

4.5.9.1 四倍率滑轮组调整

4.5.9.2 二倍率滑轮组校核

4.5.9.3六倍率滑轮组校核

4.5.10 障碍灯

4.5.11 投光灯

4.5.12 电笛

4.5.13变幅机构超力矩保护

4.5.14安全显示监控系统使用说明4.6 电器元件表4.5.5 Hoisting limiter

4.5.6 Derricking limiter

4.5.7 Slewing limiter

4.5.8 Moment protection

4.5.8.1 Adjusting the jib root point

4.5.8.2 Checking the jib nose point

4.5.9 Overload protection

4.5.9.1 Adjusting 4 multiplying power of pulley block

4.5.9.2 Checking 2 multiplying power of pulley block

4.5.9.3 Checking 6 multiplying power of pulley block

4.5.10 Obstruction lamp

4.5.11 Projection lamp

4.5.12 Electric whistle

4.6 Electrical components list

QTZ315塔式起重机使用说明 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE

第二册

1. 塔机的安装(立塔)

1.1 准备工作

1.2 各种型式塔机的基础铺设

1.2.1 行走式塔机的轨道基础铺设

1.2.2 固定式塔机(独立固定式、固定

附着式) 基础铺设

1.2.3 底架附着式塔机的基础铺设

1.2.4 内爬式塔机的基础铺设

1.3 塔机安装后各部份的理论高度和

质量

1.4 行走式塔机安装程序

1.4.1 安装总则

1.4.2 在轨道上放置台车

1.4.3 安装底架十字梁

1.4.4 安装基础节和第一层压重

1.4.5 安装撑杆、压重和电缆卷线器1.4.6 安装塔身

1.4.7 安装爬升架

1.4.8 安装回转部份

1.4.9 安装塔顶

1.4.10 组装平衡臂

1.4.11 吊装平衡臂

1.4.12 组装起重臂

1.4.13 穿绕变幅钢丝绳

1.4.14 吊装前二块平衡重

1.4.15 安装起重臂

1.4.16 安装起重臂拉杆

1.4.17 吊装平衡重块V olumeⅡ

1. Erection of tower crane

1.1 Preparations before erection

1.2 Foundation laying for various kinds of tower cranes

1.2.1 Rail foundation laying for traveling tower crane

1.2.2 Foundation laying for stationary tower crane (independent stationary, stationary attached tower crane)

1.2.3 Foundation laying for undercarriage attached tower crane

1.2.4 Foundation laying for inside climbing tower crane

1.3 Theoretic height and mass of each part after erecting tower crane

1.4 Erection sequences for traveling tower crane

1.4.1 General instructions for erection 1.4.2 Installing the bogies on the rails 1.4.3 Installing the cross-beams of undercarriage

1.4.4 Installing base section and the first ballast

1.4.5 Installing support struts,ballast and cable winder

1.4.6 Installing tower mast

1.4.7 Installing climbing frame

1.4.8 Installing slewing parts

1.4.9 Installing tower head

1.4.10 Assembling counter-jib

1.4.11 Hoisting and assembling counter-jib

1.4.12 Assembling the jib

1.4.13 Winding tralley travelling wire ropes

1.4.14 Hoisting and assembling the front two counterweight blocks

1.4.15 Installing the jib

1.4.16 Installing jib guy rod

1.4.17 Hoisting and assembling counterweight blocks

QTZ315塔式起重机使用说明 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE

1.4.18 穿绕起升钢丝绳

1.4.19 电气系统的安装和调试1.4.20 检查和试运转

1.4.21 塔身标准节的安装

1.5 其它几种型式塔机的立塔程序1.5.1 独立固定式塔机的安装

1.5.2 底架附着式塔机的安装

1.5.3 固定附着式塔机的安装

1.5.4 内爬式塔机的安装

2. 塔机的使用

2.1 一般规定

2.2 作业前的检查

2.3 操作规则

2.4 停机注意事项

3 拆塔

3.1 拆塔前的准备工作

3.2 拆卸塔身

3.3 拆除钢丝绳和配重

3.4 拆卸起重臂

3.5 拆卸平衡臂

3.6 拆卸塔顶

3.7 拆卸回转塔身和司机室

3.8 拆卸上、下支座

3.9 拆卸爬升架和下塔身组件

3.10 拆卸底架和台车

3.11 其它型式塔机的拆塔1.

4.18 Winding hoisting ropes

1.4.19 Installing and adjusting electrical system

1.4.20 Checking and making a trial operation

1.4.21 Installing standard sections of tower mast

1.5 Erection sequences for other tower cranes

1.5.1 Erection of independent stationary tower crane

1.5.2 Erection of undercarriage attached tower crane

1.5.3 Erection of stationary attached tower crane

1.5.4 Erection of inside climbing tower crane

2. How to use tower crane

2.1 General regulation

2.2 Check before operation

2.3 Operation rules

2.4 Attentions when stopping tower crane

3. Dismantling tower crane

3.1 Preparations before dismantling tower crane

3.2 Dismantling tower mast

3.3Dismantling the wire ropes and counterweight

3.4 Dismantling the jib

3.5 Dismantling counter-jib

3.6 Dismantling tower head

3.7 Dismantling slewing tower mast and cabin

3.8 Dismantling upper and lower abutments 3.9 Dismantling the climbing frame and the

lower tower mast

3.10 Dismantling undercarriage and bogies

3.11 Dismantling other tower cranes

QTZ315塔式起重机 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE

使

用

说

明

书

（第一册）

(Volume 1)

江麓机电科技有限公司

JIANGLU ELECTROMECHANICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

QTZ315 塔式起重机使用说明(第一册) OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE（VOLUME 1）

1

1.概述

江麓QTZ315塔式起重机是国家“九五”重点科技攻关项目，采用变频调速技术，满足最新国际国内各种设计安全标准。QTZ315塔机是江麓汇集二十多年塔机设计生产经验推出的一种上回转、水平臂自升塔式起重机。该机具有以下特点：

1)各项性能参数先进、起重力矩大、起升高度高、工作幅度大、作业空间广、使用效率高。

2)整机造型美观、钢结构轻巧、选材精良并经整型喷丸、防锈等预处理；标准节采用胎具组焊和切削加工，互换性好；起重臂变截面，自重轻，风阻小；塔顶为前倾式，受力简单；采用销轴和高强度螺栓连接，装拆方便；侧置式司机室，视野开阔，司机座椅可根据人体需要自由调节，操作舒适。

3)该机具有固定、附着、内爬等工作型式，可满足城市中高层建筑、工业厂房、电站水坝、桥梁等各种建筑施工的需要。

4)起升机构采用变频调速技术，可获得理想的起升速度及荷重的慢就位。同时由于采用逆变器，使位能转换成电能反馈电网，节省能源。回转机构，牵引机构采用变频无级调速技术，工作平稳，就位准确。行走机构采用液力偶合器，起制动手稳。

5)电控系统采用国际通用型式，低压电器采用进口电器元件，积木式组合，卡轨式安装。采用集中于司机室的两个十1. General description

JIANGLU QTZ315 tower crane, which is the nation’s key scientific research item listed in the “9th Five-year” National Economy Development Plan and adopts conversion speed governing technique to meet various latest design

& safety standards at home and abroad, is manufactured under more than two decades of tower crane design and production experiences by JIANGLU. It is an upper slewing self-lifting tower crane with a horizontal jib. The main features are as follows:

1) It has advantages of advanced technical parameters, larger load moment, high hoisting, large radius, wide working space and high efficiency.

2) The entire machine is of fine shape, light steel structure and superior materials, and given such pretreatment as dressing, rust-resisting and the blasting, etc. The modular tool combination welding and machining work are adopted in standard section with sound interchangeability. The cross-section of jib can be changed with light dead weight and weak wind resistance. The cat head rakes forward, with simple force. the pin connection and high-tensile bolt connection are adopted, with convenient mounting and dismantling. The side-mounted cabin with wide visual field is comfortable, easy operation and the driver's seat can be freely adjusted according to requirements.

3) The machine has such working versions as stationary, attached, climbing inside the building, etc., which can meet the needs of the constructions of urban medium and high-rise buildings, factory buildings, power stations, dams and bridges, etc.

4) The hoisting mechanism can obtain the desired hoisting speed and achieve the slow positioning of a load by conversion speed governing. Slewing and trolley travel mechanisms can steadily operate and be exactly

in position by conversion stepless speed regulation. The hydraulic coupling is used in travelling mechanism in order to start and brake smoothly and steadily.

QTZ315 塔式起重机使用说明(第一册) OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE（VOLUME 1）

2字型主令控制器和按扭开关操纵。整机电

控柜对380V-440V(50Hz-60Hz)电源通用。

6)各种安全监视装置齐全，备有力矩、重量、幅度、高度显示功能，同时也有报警、自锁等功能。

2. 塔机性能和技术指标

2.1 技术性能参数(表2.1)

2.2 起重性能表(表2.2)

2.3 供电要求

电动机功率：铭牌功率98.5千瓦

工作功率88千瓦供电容量： 130KV A

* 供电电压： 380伏(允差±10%)

* 供电频率：50赫兹

* 特殊订货可满足采用350V、415V、440V和60HZ的国家和地区。5) The electrical control system adopts the international universal type and the low voltage electrical appliances including imported electrical components, which are modular combination and rail-clamping installation. It is controlled by two cross-shaped command controllers and button switches centralized in the cabin. The electrical control cabinet of the machine is connected with the power supply for 380V-440V(50Hz-60Hz). 6) With the complete safety devices, the machine has multi-function of monitoring moment, weight, radius and height as well as warning, self-locking etc.

2. Performance and technical index for tower crane

2.1 Technical performance parameter ( table 2.1 ) 2.2 Hoisting performance table ( table 2.2 )

2.3 Power supply requirements

motor power: rated power 98.5 kW

working power 88 kW

supply capacity: 130 KV A

*supply voltage: 380V ( allowed deviation

±10 % )

*supply frequency: 50Hz

*A special order for 350V, 415V, 440V and 60Hz in countries and regions.

QTZ315 塔式起重机使用说明(第一册) OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE（VOLUME 1）

3

表 2.1 技术性能表

Table 2.1.Technical performance list

起升机构Hoisting mechanism M5 回转机构Slewing mechanism M5 变幅机构Derricking mechanism M5 机构工作级别

Working levels for mechanism

行走机构Travelling mechanism M4 倍率

Fall

底架固定式

Undercarriage stationary

附着式

Attached

行走式

Travelling

内爬式 Inside climbing

a = 2 65 280 60 280 a = 4 65 140 60 140 起升高度 Hoisting height (m)

a = 6 65 92

60

92

最大起重量（t ）

Max. load lifting (t) 16

最大幅度Radius max.70 幅度（m ）Radius (m)

最小幅度Radius min.

2.8

a = 2 a = 4 a = 6

起重量(t) Load

lifting (t)

2.5 5 5 10 8 16

0~120 0~60 0~60 0~30 0~40 0~20 起升机构

Hoisting mechanism

功率 (KW) Power (KW)

65 速度（m/min ）Speed (m/min) 0~80 变幅机构 Derricking mechanism 堵转力矩(N.m) Torgue(N.m) 95 速度（r/min ）Speed (m/min) 0~0.8 回转机构 Slewing mechanism 堵转力矩(N.m) Torque (N.m) 2×95 速度(m/min) speed(m/min) 20 行走机构 Travelling mechanism 功率（kW ） Power(kW) 4×7.5 速度(m/min) Speed (m/min) 0.46 顶升机构 Climbing mechanism

功率(kw) Power(w)

11

QTZ315 塔式起重机使用说明(第一册) OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE（VOLUME 1） 4液压系统额定工

作压力(Mpa)

Rated working

pressure for

hydraulic system

(Mpa)

30（外爬）(Outside climbing) 35（内爬）(Inside climbing) 起量臂长（m ）

Jib length

30 45 52.5 60 65 70 平衡臂长（m ） Counter-jib length

(m) 16 16 16 20 20 20 平衡重 Counter-weight 平衡重（t ）

Counter-weight

(t)

15.2 25.95 27.75 24.6 25.95 27.75 总功率（KW ）

Total power(KW)

87.5 轮距×轴距（m ）

Wheel×axle

gauge(m)

6.5×6.5 工作温度（℃）

Operating

temperature(℃) -20~+40

表2.2起重性能表 Table 2.2 Hoisting performance list

70米臂长 70m jib

工作幅度（m ） Radius (m)

2.8~18.2 20 23 25 27 28 30 32 35 37 40 42 44 45 46 48 50 a =

6 16 14.3 12.2 11 10 9.68.8

7 8.2 7.35 6.86 6.21 5.84 5.5 5.34 5.1

8 4.

9 4.64 a = 4 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.35 8.68 7.83 7.34 6.69 6.32 5.98 5.82 5.66 5.38 5.12 起重量(t) Load

lifting( t) a =

2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 工作幅度(m) Radius (m)

51.5 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 65 66 68 70 a =

6 4.46 4.4 4.18 3.9

7 3.7

8 3.6 3.43 3.28 3.2 3.13 2.9

9 2.86 a = 4 4.94 4.88 4.66 4.45 4.26 4.08 3.91 3.76 3.68 3.61 3.47 3.34 起重量(t) Load

lifting(t) a = 2 5 4.94 4.72 4.51 4.32 4.14 3.97 3.82 3.74 3.67 3.53 3.4

65米臂长 65m jib

工作幅度（m ） Radius (m)

2.8~19 22 24 26 28 30 32 35 37 40 42 44 45 46 48 50 a =

6 16 13.6 12.3 11.2 10 9.4 8.747.837.32 6.64 6.24 5.88 5.71 5.55 5.25 4.98a =

4 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.228.317.8 7.12 6.72 6.36 6.19 6.03 5.73 5.46起重量(t) Load lifting( t) a =

2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 工作幅度(m) Radius (m)

52 54 56 58 60 62 64 65 a = 6 4.72 4.49 4.27 4.07 3.88 3.7 3.53 3.46 a =

4 5.2 4.97 4.7

5 4.55 4.3

6 4.18 4.02 3.94 起重量(t)

Load lifting(t)

a = 2 5 5 4.81 4.61 4.42 4.24 4.08 4

QTZ315 塔式起重机使用说明(第一册) OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR QTZ315 TOWER CRANE（VOLUME 1） 5

60米臂长 60m jib

工作幅度（m ） Radius (m)

2.8~20 22 24 26 28 30 3132 34 36 38 40 42 44 45 46 48a =

6 16 14.413 11.85 10.8610 9.69.278.628.047.527.06 6.64 6.2

7 6.09 5.92 5.6a =

4 10 10 10 10 10 10 109.759.1 8.528 7.54 7.12 6.7

5 6.57 6.4 6.08起重量（t ） Load lifting( t) a = 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 工作幅度（m ） Radius (m)

50 52 54 56 57 58 60 a = 6

5.32 5.05 4.8 4.57 4.46 4.36 4.16 a =

4 5.8 5.53 5.28 5.0

5 4.94 4.84 4.64 起重量（t ） Load lifting(t) a = 2 5 5 5 5 5 4.9 4.7

52.5米臂长 52.5m jib

工作幅度（m ） Radius (m)

2.8~22 24 26 28 29 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 45 46 48 a =

6 16 14.413.14 12.06 11.5711.1210.319.598.968.4 7.89 7.43 7.02 6.82 6.64 6.29a =

4 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.448.888.37 7.91 7.

5 7.3 7.12 6.77起重量（t ） Load lifting(t)

a = 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 工作幅度（m ） Radius (m)

50 52 52.5 a = 6

5.97 5.68 5.61 a = 4

6.45 6.16 6.09 起重量（t ） Load

lifting(t)

a = 2 5 5 5

45米臂长 45m jib

工作幅度（m ） Radius (m)

2.8~2

3.5 25 27 28 29 30 32 34 36.738 40 42 44 45 a =

6 16 14.9 13.65 13.09 12.5712.0811.210.449.539.158.6 8.11 7.66 7.45a = 4 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.639.08 8.59 8.14 7.93起重量(t) Load

lifting(t) a =

2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

30米臂长 30m jib

工作幅度（m ） Radius (m)

2.8~18 21 23 25 27 30 a =

6 16 14.1 12.

7 11.4 10.39 a = 4 10 10 10 10 10 9.4

8 起重量(t) Load

lifting(t) a = 2 5 5 5 5 5 5

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3. 塔机工作型式

3.1轨道行走式（图3-1）

轨道行走式塔机通过通过架，中心压重（8吨）和台车立于轨道基础上，行走式塔机可在轨道上行走，其塔身组成为1节基节，6节塔身和10节标准节

图3-1 轨道行走式

3. Working versions of tower crane

3.1 Rail-travelling version ( Fig.3-1 )

The rail-travelley tower crame stands on the rail

foundation by means of andercarriage, central

ballast(81t)and begie, It can travel on the rail and

consists of Ⅰbase section, 6 lower tower masts

and 10 standdard sestions.

70m

65m

Fig 3-1 Rail-travelling version

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3.2 底架式（图3-2）

将底架直接安装在专用的混凝土基础上，底架上的中心压重为81吨，其塔身的组成为1节基础节，6节下塔身，12节标准节

图3-2 底架式

3.2 Undercarriage version ( Fig.3-2 )

The tower crane’s undereavviage is dieetly

mounted to the special concevte foundation. The

central batlast weight 81t on the undereawiage.

The crane consiuts of 1 base section, 6 lower

tower masts and 12 standard sections.

Fig.3-2 Undercarriage version

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3.3 底架附着式

当底架式的工作高度要超过65米时(即塔身的节数要超过18节，必须借助附着架将塔身锚固于建筑物上，借助11道附着架，塔身的工作高度可达280米(如图3-3a)所示，此时，塔身的组成为1节基础节，6节下塔身，82节标准节，附着架上部的工作悬高为本道附着架与上道附着架的附着间距再加11.5米，(图3-3b)为第一道附着架可达的工作高度，表3-1为锚固附着架的个数与塔机最大工作高度的关系。

表3-1 3.3 Undercarriage attached version

If the working height of the undercarriage attached version crane would beyond 65 m (i.e. the quantity of the tower masts must be beyond 18), the tower must be anchored to the building by means of the anchored frames. The working height of the tower can be up to 280m by using 11 anchored frames(as shown in Fig.3-3a), at this time, the tower should consist of 1 base section, 6 lower tower masts and 82 standard sections. The working suspension height for the upper part of the anchored frames is equal to the distance between this anchored frame and previous anchored frame, plus 11.5m. Fig.3-3b shows available working height for the first anchored frame. Table 3-1 shows relations between the quantity of the anchored frames and the maximum working heights of the tower crane.

Table 3-1

附着架的锚固个数Quantity of anchored frame 锚固位置（离地面）（m）

Anchoring position (from

ground) (m)

可达最大工作高度(m)

Max. working

height (m)

塔身节的最多数量

Max. quantity of

tower mast

0 ------- 64 18

1 46.5 79 23

2 67.5 100

30 3 885 121

37

4 106.

5 139 43

5 124.5 157 49

6 142.5 175 55

7 160.5 193 61

8 178.5 211 67

9 196.5 229 73

10 214.5 247 79

11 232.5 265 85

12 250.5 280 90

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图3-3a 底架附着式Fig 3-3a Undercarriage attched version 图3-3b 底架附着式

Fig 3-3a Undercarriage attched version

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3.4 独立固定式(图3-4)

独立固定式采用固定基础节，直接锚固于混凝土基础上，使安装场地大大缩小，满足施工场地范围受限制的特殊场合。其标准高度60米，塔身的组成为1节固定节，6节下塔身，12标准节。

图3-4 独立固定式3.4 Independent stationary version (Fig.3-4)

The independent stationary tower crane is meant to be directly anchored to the concrete foundation by means of the fixed base section. Installation field is greatly decreased so as to satisfy the needs of narrow construction site. Its standard height is 60m, and its tower consists of 1 fixed section, 6 lower tower masts and 12 standard sections.

Fig.3-4 Independent stationary version

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3.5 固定附着式(图3-5)

在独立固定式基础上增加附着，以满足高层建筑施工要求，附着后起升高度可达280米，其塔身由1个固定节、6节下塔身和86节标准节组成。表3-2为锚固附着架的个数与塔机最大工作高度的关系。塔机附着架上部的工作悬高的确定与底架附着式一样。

表3-2 附着架的锚固个数与塔机最大工作高度的关系3.5 Stationary attached version (Fig.3-5)

To meet the needs of high-rise building construction, attachment is increased on basis of the independent stationary tower crane. With hoisting height rising to 280 m after attachment, its tower consists of 1 fixed section, 6 lower tower masts and 86 standard sections. Table 3-2 shows the relations between the quantity of the anchored frames and the maximum working heights of the tower crane. Determination of the working suspension height for the upper part of the anchored frame is the same as the undercarriage attached version’s.

Table 3-2 The relations between the quantity of the anchored frames and the max. working heights of the tower crane

附着架的锚固个数Quantity of anchored frame 锚固位置（离地面）（m）

Anchoring position (from

ground) (m)

可达最大工作高度(m)

Max. working

height (m)

塔身节的最多数量

Max. quantity of

tower mast

0 ------- 59 18

1 44.5 77 24

2 65.5 98 31

3 86.5 119 38

4 107.

5 140 45

5 125.5 158 51

6 143.5 176 57

7 161.5 194 63

8 179.5 212 69

9 197.5 230 75

10 215.5 248 81

11 233.5 266 87

12 251.5 280 92

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图3-5 固定附着式Fig.3-5 Stationary attached version

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3.6 内爬式(图3-6)

内爬式借助顶升装置随建筑物的升高而爬升，有专用的基础节、爬升框架和顶升装置。施工初期，借助于专用底座固定于混凝土基础上(爬升后直接支撑于建筑物上)，其塔身由13节标准节组成。

图3-6 内爬式3.6 Climbing version (Fig.3-6)

By the aid of the climbing device, the climbing tower crane raises itself by climbing up as the building rises, and it is made up of special base sections, climbing frames and climbing devices. At the beginning of construction, the machine is fixed on the concrete foundation by the aid of a special undercarriage ( after climbing up, it is directly supported to the building ). Its tower comprises 13 standard sections.

Fig.3-6 Climbing version

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4. 塔机构造

起重机由金属结构、传动机构、液压顶升机构、电器控制和安全装置等组成。其中金属结构包括平衡臂、平衡臂拉杆、塔顶、起重臂、起重臂拉杆、回转塔身、驾驶室、上支座、下支座、爬升架、塔身、底架、附着架等结构件；传动机构包括起升、回转、变幅等机构。

4.1 金属结构

4.1.1 底架(图4-1)

底架上部与塔身相连，下部直接安装在专用的混凝土基础上。它由底座、基础节和斜撑杆等组成。

图4-1 底架4. Tower crane structure

Tower crane is composed of metal structure, operating mechanism, hydraulic climbing mechanism, electrical control and safety device etc., among them, the metal structure comprises the counter-jib, counter-jib guy rods, cat head, jib,

jib guy rods, slewing tower, cabin, upper abutment, lower abutment, climbing frame, tower mast, undercarriage, attached frame and other structural units. The operating mechanism includes hoisting, slewing, derricking mechanisms etc..

4.1 Metal structure

4.1.1 Undercarriage ( Fig. 4-1 )

The upper part of the undercarriage is connected with tower mast, while the lower part

is directly installed on special concrete foundation. The undercarriage consists of the underbed, base section and diagonal brace etc.

Fig.4-1 Undercarriage

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