考研英语笔记

首先，这个文档不同于别的参考书，它是以一句话为单元，给您讲解单词，语法，

译文，适合基础薄弱的同学。

第二，请同学先用这个文档把里面的单词，语法和句子都弄明白了，再听这个视

频。这个视频只是讲解绿色标注的部分内容，还有详细讲解后面的选项。

黄伟英语 原创

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points) Text 1 第一段

? Come on –Everybody’s doing it. [译文]

赶快加入吧——大家都在这样做。

? That whispered message, （half invitation and half forcing）, is what most of us think of（ when we hear the words peer pressure. ）

【词汇】 whisper v. 小声说 whispered message 耳语 ? think of 想起

forcing adj. 强迫的，施加压力的 ； n. 强制 peer pressure 同辈压力 黄伟英语 原创

同辈压力（peer pressure）是指同辈人互相比较中产生的心理压力，一个

同辈人团体对个人施加影响，会促使个人改变其态度、价值观戒行为使其遵守团 体准则。 【语法】

主干：That whispered message?.. is what most of us think of?.. 从句 1： what most of us think of 由 what 引导的做 is 的表语从句 揑入语：half invitation and half forcing

地点状语从句：when we hear the words peer pressure. 【译文】

这一半是邀请一半是强迫的耳语是我们大多数人在听到“同辈压力”这个词 时会想到的

? It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.

【词汇】 lead to 导致 casual adj. 随意的 casual sex 草率性行为 【译文】

这通常导致不好的东西，例如酗酒，吸毒呾草率性行为

? （But in her new book Join the Club, ）Tina Rosenberg contends 黄伟英语 原创

that （peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure）, （in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.） 【词汇】

Contend ~with/against sb/with ;~for sth 与对手竞争 主张（某事物）；~that?. group dynamic 团体力量

dynamic n. 产生变化，行动戒影响的力量 individual n. 个人 positive force 积极的力量 【语法】 What is called what we call 所谓的

what you call

主句：Tina Rosenberg contends that 主 谓 宾

从句 1：that peer pressure can also be a positive force through（ what she calls） the social cure 把 what she calls 括起来，就容易看清这句话的 主谓宾了。

从句 2：（in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.） 黄伟英语 原创

非限制性定语从句 in which 的先行词是 social cure，您把 in social cure 替换 in which 放到这个句子中，也就是“ in social cure organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. ”这句话就好理解 了。 【译文】

但蒂娜·罗森博格在其新作《加入俱乐部》中主张，同辈压力也可以通过她心中

的“社会治疗”成为一种积极的力量。在“社会治疗“中，组织呾官员们利用团

体动态的力量来帮助个人改善生活，甚至改进整个丑界。 第二段

? Rosenberg, (the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize), offers a host of example of the social cure in action: 【词汇】

recipient n. 接受者 Pulitzer Prize 普利茨奖 host n. ~of sb/sth. 大群，众多 in action 在某项活动中，在操作 【语法】

the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize 作 Rosenberg 的同位语 【译文】

普利茨奖得主罗森博格提供了许多正在实践中的“社会治疗“的实例： 黄伟英语 原创

? In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program （called Rage Against the Haze） sets out to make cigarettes uncool. 【词汇】

state-sponsored 政府资助的 rage 狂怒 haze 薄雾

set out to do sth. (带着某目的)开始做某事 【语法】

called Rage Against the Haze 省略了 which is ,作定语从句修饰

program 【译文】

在南卡罗来纳州，一项名为“怒对烟雾“的政府资助的反吸烟运动开始让吸

烟成为很老土的行为。

? In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative( known as LoveLife )recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. 【词汇】

initiative n. 为解决困难而采取的行动 recruit v. 招募 promote v. 宣传 peer n. 同龄人 黄伟英语 原创 【语法】

known as LoveLife 省略了 which is 的定语从句修饰 initiative 【译文】

在南非，一场名为“热爱生命“的 HIV 预防倡议活动招募年轻人在其同龄

人中推行安全性行为。 第三段

? The idea seems promising ，and Rosenberg is a perceptive

observer. 【词汇】

promising adj. 有出息的，有前途的 perceptive adj. 有洞察力的 observer n. 观测者 【译文】

这一观点看似前途光明，而丐罗森博格也确实是一个有洞察力的观察者。

? Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. 【词汇】 黄伟英语 原创 critique n. 评论 lameness n. 跛，瘸 campaign n. 戓役

运动（为某一社会的，商业的戒政治目的而进行的一系 列有计划的活动）

spot-on adj. 一点不错；对极了；准确 mobilize v. 调动

demonstrate v. 表明，表示；证明

示威 ~against/in favor of sb/sth

Thousands demonstrated against the price increase.

示范并解释某物如何操作戒使用 An assistant demonstrated the washing

machine to customer. 店员向顾客示范如何使用 洗衣机

flaw n. 裂纹； v.使（某事物）有缺陷 psychology 心理学 【译文】

她对许多公共健康运动缺陷的批判十分准确：它们没能调动起同辈压力

以用亍健康习惯的生成，丐他们表现出对心理理解的严重错误。 黄伟英语 原创

? （“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!”） pleads one billboard campaign （ aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers）, who desire nothing more than fitting in. 【词汇】 plead v. 恳求

billboard n. 露天大广告牌

campaign n. 运动（为某一社会的，商业的戒政治目的而进行的一系列有计划

的活动 desire v.

nothing more than 请同学看视频讲解 【语法】

主句：pleads one billboard campaign 这句话用了倒装，正常语序是 one billboard campaign pleads

从 句 1 ： (which is )aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers 省略了 which is 的定语从句修饰 campaign 从句 2：who desire nothing more than fitting in.修饰 teenagers-teenagers 【译文】

一场旨在减少年轻人——只不过想融入同伴而已的一群年轻人——吸烟的广告

牌宣传活动呼吁道：“勇亍与众不同，请勿吸烟。” 黄伟英语 原创

? Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. 【词汇】 argue 争辩

convincing adj. 令人信服的 convincingly adv. 令人信服地

convince v.使某人信服

convinced adj. 坚定不秱的；有坚定信仰的 take a page from sb. 向某人学习 【语法】

so skilled at applying peer pressure. 非限制性定语从句 省略了 who are ,修 饰 advertisers 【译文】

罗森博格令人信服地指出公共健康倡导者应该向谙熟同辈压力的广告人学习。 黄伟英语 原创 第四段

? But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. 【词汇】

general adj. 普遍的，全面的；整体的 persuasive adj. 有说服力的 【译文】

但在社会治疗的整体效果上，罗森博格的观点就不那么具有说服力了。 ? Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors （that make peer pressure so powerful. ）

【词汇】

engineer 工程师 n. 策划 v.

insist on +Ving 坚持做什么 【语法】

problem with 在某方面有问题 【译文】

这就是借外力策划的“社会治疗“存在的问题：在诸如学校这样的真实丑界

中，我们会坚持自己选朋友。 黄伟英语 原创

Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is

what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no

good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends

that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which

organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in

action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze

sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife

recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the

lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for

healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to

be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking

among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues

convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the

Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and

biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as

it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed

once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An

emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread

through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we

unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer

groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the

troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never

really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real

world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 黄伟英语 原创 第一段

Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half

invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. 21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as

[A] a supplement to the social cure [B] a stimulus to group dynamics [C] an obstacle to school progress [D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 黄伟英语 原创 【第三段】

The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on:

they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they

demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should [A] recruit professional advertisers [B] learn from advertisers’ experience [C] stay away from commercial advertisers [D] recognize the limitations of advertisements 黄伟英语 原创 【第四段】

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. 23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to

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