高英复习 - 图文

Unit 12 Clothes Make the Man ——Uneasy

CA-LGWK-Synonyms-1Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | ClozeII. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.conform adaptAdaptmeans to change someone or something to suit new circumstances or a different environment, and it normally involves considerable change to meet new requirements, emphasizing the purpose for which the change must be made. Conformmeans to correspond to a model or pattern, and it sometimes means to adhere or adjust to conventional behaviour.1. Federal civil rights laws require all schools and colleges toconformto the national standards of educational equality.____________综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-LGWK-Synonyms-2Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze2. The organization has agreed on a convention under which all members will adaptadapttheir domestic law to make bribery of _________foreign officials a criminal offense.3. Most of the candidates had to adaptadapttheir speeches to suit ________the interests of their audience.4. Japan has recently changed its constitution to allow it to conform___________to the United States demands to modify its military status.CA-LGWK-Synonyms-3Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze综合教程5(第2版)电子教案ignore neglectNeglectsuggests an inequitable division of attention, which can be theresult of either an intentional or unintentional failure to givethe amount of attention that one deserves. Ignoresuggests a complete failure rather than a partial one, stressing an intentional total refusal to take account of a warning or other realities.1. His father would accuse him of _______________neglectinghis filial duties.2. The mayor promised economic policies that would not neglectthe poor and needy.__________综合教程5(第2版)电子教案 1

CA-LGWK-Synonyms-4Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3. She kept on asking questions, but her mother continued her work, ___________ignoringthe interruption.4. His cry is pitched at a high level that makes it impossible to ignore._________综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-LGWK-Synonyms-5Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozezest interestZestis a feeling of enthusiasm and pleasure, and it expresses dynamic vigouralong with uninhibited sensuous delight. Interestis something you want to hear and learn more about and even something you enjoy doing.1. After last week's defeat, most members of our football team seem to have recovered part of their _______zestfor a new match.2. Pictures add ___________interestto plain painted walls.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-LGWK-Synonyms-6Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3. The hungry man ate with zest._______4. His ____________interestsextended beyond the fine arts to international interestspolitics and philosophy.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案 2

CA-LGWK-Synonyms-7Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozestrain stressBoth words are sometimes interchangeable when referring to the worry and tension caused by a difficult situation. Stressindicates a condition of emotional or intellectual distress, caused by some external stimulus, such as injury or shock, that exerts a compelling or constraining influence to which the person involved cannot adequately adjust.Strainsuggests the severe extra effort one has to expend to meet the demands of a difficult situation, entailing physical, mental, oremotional distress.1. The vast expansion in university enrollment is putting an enormous ________strainon the system.CA-LGWK-Synonyms-8Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

2. Soon after they enter the university campus, the students start showing signs of feeling the ________strainstrainof responsibility which they have never experienced at home.3. It is generally believed that _________stressis an inherent part of dieting.4. Massage is used to relax muscles, relieve _________stressstress, and improve blood circulation.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Filling-1

Explaining| Synonyms | Filling| Sentences | Grammar | ClozeFill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.momentous hindrance conform prerogative disguiseimperceptibly exemption agonizesubtleblatantlyanonymity incurring1. Excessive conformityconformity______________is usually caused by fear of disapproval.2. It did not require a great deal of _______________perceptionto realize that the interview was over when the interviewers had become absent-minded.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-Filling-2Explaining| Synonyms | Filling| Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3. A new machine may save animals from the _________agonyof drug tests.4. He has published a great number of poems, but most anonymously.__________________5. He has made a long-term investment, so he might expect to _______incurlight losses in the first few years.6. When a book gets translated, all those linguistic subtletiessubtleties_____________get lost.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Filling-3Explaining| Synonyms | Filling| Sentences | Grammar | Clozeprerogativeto stop seeing that particular 7. It is your ________________prerogativetherapist and find another one.8. The proposal is a thinly disguised_____________effort to revive the price controls of the 1990s.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Translation-s1Translating Sentences| Translating Passage1. 深更半夜的电话最令人揪心，因此我通常整夜关断电话。(disconcerting)Finding late-night calls most disconcerting, I usually switch the phone off the whole night.2. 严格遵守规则意味着你必须顺从别人对你的期望。(stick to the rules)Sticking to the rules implies that you have to conform to others' expectations.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案 4

CA-Translation-s2Translating Sentences| Translating Passage3. 直升机会变成常用的交通方式吗？(catch on)Will helicopters ever catch on as a common mode of transportation?4. 我让迈克看一看发动机，希望他能找出症结。(throw light on)Hoping that he might be able to throw light on the problem, I asked Mike to take a look at the engine.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Translation-s3Translating Sentences| Translating Passage5. 他们正试图削减开支，所以不会找新人来替代离去的职员。(trim)They are trying to trim their costs, so staff who leave are not to be replaced.6. 每个学校的首要目标应该是让每个学生发挥他们的全部潜力。(overriding)The overriding aim of every school should be to enable each student to achieve his full potential.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Translation-s4Translating Sentences| Translating Passage7. 这项工作的主要任务是处理好顾客提出的问题。(sort out)Most of the job involves sorting customers out who have queries. 8. 最近的一系列爆炸排除了任何和平谈判的可能性。(rule out)The recent wave of bombing has ruled out any chance of peace talks.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-LGWK-Synonyms-1Unit 11 Beauty

Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | ClozeII. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.resist withstandResistmeans to act counter to or fight against in order to stop, prevent, or defeat, while withstand means to hold out against someone or something, and usually implies that the initiative for the action was taken by the opposing side, and it might also suggest strong moral or physical qualities in the person or group doing the withstanding.1. The minister said that her government would _____resista single European currency being imposed on her country.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-LGWK-Synonyms-2Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze

2. The helmets are designed to withstand________impacts equivalent to a fall from a bicycle.resistin the face of 3. They realized it would be suicidal to _____overwhelming military superiority.4. Their arguments could not even ________withstandwithstandthe most superficial scrutiny.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-LGWK-Synonyms-3Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozeretain keepThe two words are sometimes interchangeable in the sense of continuing to have something.Retaincan specially point to the staying power of a memory that often comes to mind involuntarily or without effort, involving the question of mentally holding onto facts ordetails that one is trying to learn. Keepcan mean to store something somewhere for future use, and the word has quite a few collocations of its own, such as \1. The strawberries are ____kept keptin cold storage to prevent spoiling during transportation.CA-LGWK-Synonyms-4Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

2. They were given a test to measure how much of the reading exercise each person had retained______after seven days.3. The boss retains______retains his enormous influence by reason of his position.4. Governments and businesses will start _______keepingaccounts in euros.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-LGWK-Synonyms-5Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozeobligation dutyObligation refers generally to anything that one is compelled to do, or to forbear from doing, by law, contract, promise, morality, or the like. The word often implies immediate pressure to carry out, or to refrain from, a particular action. Duty primarily refers to the work or tasks one has to perform. It is often used interchangeably with obligation, and in this case the word more often refers to that which springs from an interior moral or ethical impulse father than from external demands. 1. Ministers are under no obligation________obligationto follow the committee's recommendations.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-LGWK-Synonyms-6

Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze2. When teachers assign homework, students usually feel a(n) obligationobligationto do it.________3. After a long sick leave, he resumed his duties_____at his own department.4. Staff are supposed to report for ____duty at the normal place of dutywork.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-Filling-1Explaining| Synonyms | Filling| Sentences | Grammar | ClozeFill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.enchantmentrenounceconceivedisparagescrutiny complimentabridgeprestige fretfulsecondarily adorable censure1. The Minister was alleged to have made __________disparaging disparagingremarks about the rest of the Cabinet.2. The CEO was ________censuredcensuredfor his indecisiveness during the period of economic crisis.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Filling-2

Explaining| Synonyms | Filling| Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3. The actual damage to the brain cells is _________secondaryto the damage caused to the blood supply.4. The Earth is thought to be around 4,600 million years old, an almost inconceivable___________time-span.inconceivableprestigious5. Harvard is one of the best equipped and most prestigious_________schools in the country.6. It was a Puritan who tried effectively to ________renouncethe ancient customs of his country.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Filling-3

Explaining| Synonyms | Filling| Sentences | Grammar | Cloze7. Lloyd's results were carefully scrutinizedscrutinized________as a guide to what to expect from the other banks. 8. We often get ____________complimentarycleanliness of our patio. remarks regarding the 综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-Translation-s1Translating Sentences| Translating Passage1.有什么要求就快说，别说那些肉麻的奉承话。(flatter)Speak out what requirement you have of me, and stop mouthing those flattering remarks. 2. 对自己所受到的待遇不满，他愤然离开了球队。(split off)Dissatisfied with the treatment he had received, he split off from the team. 综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Translation-s2

Translating Sentences| Translating Passage3. 女权主义者强烈地批评这个电视节目含有性别歧视。(overtone)Feminists have strongly criticized the TV broadcast for carrying sexist overtones. 4. 她上大学时沉溺于玩电脑游戏，影响了学业。(to the detriment of)She indulged in computer games at college, to the detriment of her studies.CA-Translation-s3Translating Sentences| Translating Passage5. 那时，这个国家正处在二战后经济最萧条时期。(in the throes of)The country was then in the throes of the worst economic recession after the Second World War. 6. 我们的计算似乎出了点问题。(adrift)Something seems to have gone adrift in our calculation. 综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-Translation-s4Translating Sentences| Translating Passage7. 对不太熟悉的人，我不太轻易把我的住址告诉他们。(wary of)I'm a bit wary of giving people my address when I don't know them very well. 8. 他靠着枕头，笔直地坐在病床上。(prop up)He was sitting upright in his hospital bed, propped up by pillows. 综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

Unit 10 The New Immorality

不久以前，有一家最大、也是最著名学校的教务长告诉我，给本科生发了一份调查问卷，其中有40%的人拒绝承认他们相信考试作弊应该受到谴责。

最近，纽约一家报纸的一位记者在街上拦住六名行人，问他们是不是同意为了钱参加有舞弊性质的电视测试。他报道说，这六个人当中有五个说同意。但是，就像大多数在大学里作弊的人那样，这五个人当中很可能多数会宣称有很强烈的社会觉悟。也许他们徇私舞弊，但是他们投票支持提供外援，支持实行开明的社会措施。

这两个事例说明了我们这个时代的一种悖论。人们常说，而且根据我的观察这种说法是真的，看上去我们的社会道德观有了显著的提高，但奇怪的是，就在这个世界里，个人的道德观——一种纯粹个人的信誉、诚实和正直至高无上的价值取向——却似乎在倒退。常常发现那些经营管理社会慈善机构的人接受“礼物”。大众娱乐界受到丑闻的震撼。大学生名声在外，但是考试作弊。报考攻读博士学

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位的家伙雇佣枪手撰写论文。

然而，也许有人会反驳，所有这些不是一直这样吗？真的有证据说明，现在个人的不诚实要比往昔更猖獗吗？

我无法做出历史性的衡量。或许这些事情并不真的更加猖獗。我能指出的是，

现在有一种饶有趣味的苗头，就是有人接受这种个人的不诚实，而且还觉得理所当然。官僚和电台节目主持人说：“嗯，是的，我接受过礼物，但是我保证反正自己做出的是公正的决定。”作弊被现场捉住的大学生连脸都不红。他耸耸肩膀，评论道：“大家都这么干，而且我看不出对谁有什么伤害。”

乔纳森·斯威夫特曾经说过：“发现有人为人邪恶，我不吃惊；但是我常常感到惊讶的是发现这些人厚颜无耻。”我坚信的是，虽然人们也许并不比以往那么邪恶，但是他们似乎更加不知廉耻了。如果人人如此，那就一定对了。诚实、品德和正直这些操守的执行仅是因为人们循规蹈矩。这并不是一个邪恶的世界，因为道德规范意味着道德观和行为举止，而且一般的行为才是唯一的标准。

辩解的第二部分，“真的对谁也没有什么伤害”同样很说明问题。“对谁也没有什么伤害”的意思是，对那个叫做社会的抽象概念毫发无损。接受贿赂的人和考试作弊的人受到的伤害并不重要；纯粹是个人的事情。与社会的行为准则相比，个人的形象无足轻重。有时候，我会认为这种似是而非的情况要归谬于社会学，它要承担部分的责任。社会学往往只强调社会道德规范，过分倾向于将好与恶仅仅界定为“对社会有用的”或无用。

社会道德规范和社会良知缺失的是较为狭隘，但非常重要的信誉观——与之相对应的是，有时仅以“社会适宜行为”冠名的观念。有信誉的人并不满足于单单询问，这个或那个是否有损于社会，或者是不是大多数人允许自己这样做。他要问，而且首先要问，那会伤害到他和他的自尊吗？那会使他个人信誉扫地吗？

20世纪早期革新者喜欢使用的，也无疑是个有力的论点是，以绅士应该遵守

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的规范来“玩游戏”不足以形成一个正派的社会。他们说得对：是不够。但是，是时候再加上一句，所谓的社会良知得不到个人信誉的支持将会产生一个腐败的社会。不过，假如不呢？如果，随大流做大家都在做的事情，除了个人，谁也不会蒙受损失呢？ 即便如此，我仍坚持认为，对个人自己而言，什么都没有个人内心里的是非观重要，也没有比下决心去遵循内心的是非观，而不去随大流或仅凭“对社会有用”的标准去行事更重要。我无法想象一个良好的社会里全是些没有信誉的人

我们常听人说，现在人们最需要的是安全感。如果真是如此，那么他们就误解了什么是真正的、最终的安全感。依赖身外之物的人，无论钱财、权力、名誉或其他的东西，是不会、也不可能会安全的。只有那些把握住自己，对自己感到满意的人才会安全。关于适应能力和“参与集体”的重要性的话题大谈特谈，提倡得过多。纵然是合作能力，可谓这种观念最冠冕堂皇的称法，也不比坚持自我的能力重要，尤其必须在牺牲自我的正直和为了集体活动调节自我或积极参与之间做出决定时。

无论这个世界变得多么糟糕，无论未来受大众媒体左右的人失去多少今日尚存的美德，有一个事实不变。只要有一个人孑然一身拒绝随大流，如果有一个人独自坚持自己和个人内心的权利，坚信并忠于同伴们似乎已经放弃了的东西，那么至少这个人仍然保留着人性中或许最重要的部分。

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CA-LGWK-Synonyms-1Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | ClozeII. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.profess declareProfess often means to claim that one does or has something, but in fact they do not, while declareis to say that something is true in a firm and deliberate way.1. Nobody, at this time of economic depression, could afford ______to professprofessthat they were not interested in the job.2. The armed forces professed________to be unable to stop the violence, while in reality, they were helping set the terror in motion.CA-LGWK-Synonyms-2Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

3. They ceremoniously cut a piece of ribbon, ________ the declaringexhibition open.4. It was difficult to quantify an exact figure as firms were ______their losses. reluctant to declare综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

CA-LGWK-Synonyms-3Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozewicked evilWicked and evilare often interchangeable in that both mean morally bad or sinful, though evil sounds much stronger. In an abstract sense, evilis the polar opposite of good and can suggest utter and insidious malevolence, or influence by the devil. Wickedcan often be used in a humorous, tongue-in-cheek, or even admiring way.1. With her ______wickedwicked sense of humour, she managed to enter the world of popular entertainment.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-LGWK-Synonyms-4Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze___evil2. The eternal struggle between good and forces is the basis for morality refinement. ____EvilEvilspirits who looked like humans and possessed supernatural powers used to be very popular in this part of the country.3. The tennis player's ______wickedopponent any chance.serve did not give his CA-LGWK-Synonyms-5综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozecontent contentedBoth words refer to the appeasement of need or desire. Contentedrefers to the fulfilling of requirements to the point of satiation, while contentalmost exclusively appears as a predicate adjective and suggests not the full or complete filling of needs or desire, but the willingness to accept a modest or reasonable amount. contented1. Seeing her coming, his face was beaming with ________smiles.______\keep the boss happy\2. The media is no longer contentbut it is assuming a new role of finding faults with the boss.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-LGWK-Synonyms-6Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze

3. It was a serene countryside, with all thecontented________cows and sheep grazing on the slope.4. The families of disappeared prisoners are not content ______with contenta mere search for the truth, and insist that the army officials be brought to trial.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-LGWK-Synonyms-7Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozeenlighten acquaintAcquaint and enlightenboth mean to impart knowledge of a wide scope, with the former being to make someone familiar with factsor a situation of some complexity, and the latter, as its root suggests, meaning to bring information to light, usually about a particular point or situation and carrying an element of dispelling ignorance. 1. The ill-informed will find their curiosity aroused and their ignorance partly enlightened_________.2. For the first few weeks, I managed to acquaintacquaint _______myself with the details of the new post.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-LGWK-Synonyms-8Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze

enlightened 3. The study of ancient Greece, the source of __________enlightened culture, was once seen as the basis of a sound moral and aesthetic understanding.4. He was as well acquainted _________acquainted with exile and imprisonment as he was with the British Museum Reading Room.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Filling-1

Explaining| Synonyms| Filling| Sentences | Grammar | ClozeFill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.provostprofessbureaucratdistributeenlightenconvictionreprehensible consentbeneficentadministerscandalmores1. The new economic plan seeks to achieve a more equitable distribution_________of wealth.distribution 2. A number of enlightened__________landowners have recently set an example by making land available at less than normal market value.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-Filling-2Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3. The _________consensusamongst the world's scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.4. It is useless trying to convinceconvince_______her that she doesn't need to lose any weight.5. A great number of industries have to sack managers to reduce their huge administrativecosts.____________6. Sadly, the main ___________beneficiariesof pension equality so far have been men, not women.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Filling-2

Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze7. He professed________professeda violent distaste for everything related to commerce, production, and money. 8. To make a sound diplomat is to first believe that bureaucraticbureaucraticdelays are inevitable.__________综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Filling-1

Explaining| Synonyms| Filling| Sentences | Grammar | ClozeFill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.provostprofessbureaucratdistributeenlightenconvictionreprehensible consentbeneficentadministerscandalmores1. The new economic plan seeks to achieve a more equitable distribution_________of wealth.distribution 2. A number of enlightened__________landowners have recently set an example by making land available at less than normal market value.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-Filling-2Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3. The _________consensusamongst the world's scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.4. It is useless trying to convinceconvince_______her that she doesn't need to lose any weight.5. A great number of industries have to sack managers to reduce their huge administrativecosts.____________6. Sadly, the main ___________beneficiariesof pension equality so far have been men, not women.CA-Filling-2综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

Explaining| Synonyms| Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze7. He professed________professeda violent distaste for everything related to commerce, production, and money. 8. To make a sound diplomat is to first believe that bureaucraticbureaucraticdelays are inevitable.__________综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Translation-s1Translating Sentences| Translating Passage1. 没有必要装出一副受到伤害的表情——是你理亏。(put on)There's no need to put on that injured expression —you're in the wrong. 2. 我一直认为快乐和知足比金钱和名望更重要。(count)' I've always believed that pleasure and self-contentedness count more than money and fame.

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CA-Translation-s2Translating Sentences| Translating Passage3. 压力很容易使人作出错误的决定。(lead sb. to do sth.)Being under pressure can easily lead people to make the wrong decisions. 4. 精英一族似乎满足于只在他们那个小圈子里打交道。(content)The elite seem content to socialize with the small circle of their own. 综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Translation-s3

Translating Sentences| Translating Passage5. 学生在英语学习中必须强调培养交际能力。(lay stress upon)Stress should be laid upon the training of students' communicative competence in their English studies. 6. 董事会对公司在最困难的时刻收到的来自各方的经济援助表示谢意。(acknowledge)The board of directors acknowledged the financial assistance received from all sources at the company’s most difficult time. 综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Translation-s4Translating Sentences| Translating Passage7. 反对党抗议那是由执政党操纵的舞弊选举。(rigged)Opposition parties protested that it was a rigged election manipulated by the ruling party. 8. 他几十年前作的许多预测现在都被印证了。(turn out)Many of his predictions made decades ago have turned out to be true now.

综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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Unit 9 Kids and Computers:

Digital Danger

有一句众人皆知的俗语：“玩是孩子们的工作。”研究儿童发展的人告诉我们，孩子就是在玩的过程中培养技能和世界观，并由此决定他们长成怎样的成人。比如说，扮家家或假装上学帮助他们“尝试”妈妈、爸爸或老师的角色。体育活动帮助他们养成协作精神，学会作为团队一员的工作方法，以及培养自信心和光明磊落意识。甚至独自一人开展的活动，像阅读，让孩子们接触更为广阔的世界，鼓励他们养成对更多人富有同情心。

然而，近几年来，其他的娱乐形式对孩子的成长产生了巨大的冲击。现在有许多孩子，电脑活动和电子游戏占据了他们的许多——甚至所有的——时间，以前这些时间是花在比较传统游戏上面的。现在长大成人的是第一批玩“任天堂”的孩子，是一代凭借玩“虚拟男孩”和“致命战斗”养大的，而并非靠打垒球或看连环画《维格列大叔》带大的。这种“玩”的理念上的变化对孩子产生了什么影响？社会科学家、家长，还有脱口秀专家在未来的岁月里将对这个问题争论不休。不过，我们可以开始得出我们自己的结论。虽然电子娱乐也许是很有趣，也很富有创意，但是，一旦沉湎于这种形式的娱乐，孩子以及他们生活的社会必定是输家。与传统的游戏和玩具不同，“联网”的娱乐形式会造成孩子缺乏想象力、社会生活不成熟，以及对身边世界毫无掩饰地麻木不仁的后果。

看着一个孩子抓起一团橡皮泥，开始试着让它滚动起来。开始是一个普通的球，接着变成了一条蛇。这条蛇或许会变成8字形或一个手镯。孩子把手镯的上端卷起来，做出一把茶壶，她用这把茶壶举行一场假装的茶话会。接下来，她把茶壶又捏成一团，或许再做成雪人、马头、小兔子、海蛇，或者摩天大楼。除了用自己的双手、一团用面粉和盐混成的不值钱的一团东西，她不需要其他的东西，就可以做出一个世界，为之制定规则和创造居民。等她玩腻了，可以把它再次捏

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成没有形状的一团，等待下一次的创作冲动。玩耍橡皮泥还会激发其他的兴趣 —— 她可能会用建模黏土做一样东西，烤制成一个永久的形状，或者图画，再或者纸浆制品。虽然她对自己做的事情没花太多的心思，但是她学会了有价值的东西：我是个创造者，我能给自己的想法赋予具体的形状。

然而，电子游戏很可笑，是人为编程的，给人创新性的假想。玩游戏的人每一步有各种选择：要进那扇门？要用哪种武器？要阅读哪条线索？但是，这种选择，与鸽子口啄杠杆得到一粒玉米的选择是同样的道理。玩游戏的人与游戏操纵杆一样，都是游戏的工具。她那短暂的快乐是无法让她满足的，因为游戏带来并非真正意义上的成就感，只不过是迷迷糊糊地看着别人创作的东西展现眼前的一种体验。那一团橡皮泥要是交给在电子游戏贫乏的冒险经历中长大的孩子，很可能看到一脸茫然，还有犹豫不定的问题：“我用它干什么啊？”玩电子游戏的人吸取她自己的经验：我不创造。我让别人的创造发生在我的眼前。

那是一个秋天美丽的周六，有一群孩子临时组织了一场足球赛。突然他们为足球是不是踢出了边线争论了起来。有几个说肯定踢出界了；其余几个坚持说没有。嗓门提高了，火气也大了。也许一两个暴脾气的家伙会大步走出场地。不过，天空一片湛蓝，而且家里还有些杂活要干。很快地盘算一下继续踢球有什么好处，于是球员们做出决定。也许他们重新踢一脚。也许他们掷硬币。也许他们一致同意，说那球没出线，或出线了。他们愿意妥协，接受在生活中就得互谅互让的理念，使得这场游戏继续下去。踢足球的孩子继续踢球，稍稍学会了与人相处的道理。

拿互联网聊天室的场景来做个比较。有许多孩子在聊天室里不知道耗费了多少个小时。同样在那个可爱的星期六，一名年青的互联网皇后躬身坐在键盘前，房间里就她一个人。她的网友名单包括十几个，甚至几十个从来没有见过面的“朋友”。她的手指飞快地在键盘上移动，不停地从一个对话框转换到另一个对话框，

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同时与好几个人对话。然而，这是些奇怪的对话，并不包括现实世界里的友谊会给人带来伤害的内容。在与网友聊天的世界里，状态取决于能否跟得上在线朋友的快速节奏，羞辱那些话多、言词尖刻的人们。那位聊天皇后与什么人关系密切，就看谁能不能马上接手，和她一起对另一个惹他们生气的网友群起而攻之。如果这位盟友也变得讨厌了，那么嗒的一下！她会随时将他从网友名单上删去，或者甚至将他拒之圈外，让他永远不能再与她联系。这没有多大的损失。毫不夸张地说，聊天室里有的是成千上万的新伙伴等着填补那个空缺。获得的经验是：我并不非得为关系而忙碌。他们说来就来，说走就走，而且按照我的意愿。假如有人惹我生气，我可以让那家伙消失。

孩子们坐下来玩“大赢家”游戏时，他们形成结构松散的小组，仍然是身边现实世界朋友中的一部分。有人来了，立刻停止游戏，没有问题。玩游戏的人与来访者打招呼，一起欢笑，讨论这个游戏，甚至马上重新安排，带上新人一起玩。甚至在游戏继续之后，与其他的玩游戏的人以及不玩的人谈话聊天都方便得很。虽然参与了这场游戏，但是玩游戏的人不受其限制。与人接触、客套寒暄，以及与人交际都不会被认为妨碍他们玩得开心。从中他们能学到自娱自乐和关心身边的人和事可以兼得。用这个棋盘游戏的场景与许多起居室里越来越常见的场景对照一下，后者令人失望。客人来造访，发现一个孩子躬身坐着在电视屏幕前，腿上放着电脑游戏的控制杆。连客人直接找他说话时，他两只眼睛仍然紧盯着屏幕。如果客人仍想吸引他的注意力，他会愤怒地回答道：“我在打游戏！”更经常发生的是，连孩子的父母宁愿踮着脚尖走路，而不去打扰他。他们已经被那套把孩子弄得丧失了人性的昂贵的、高科技的玩意儿吓得胆战心惊。

这种游戏本身在很大程度上把令人发指的苦难作为娱乐。游戏玩家扮演精神病杀手的角色，犹如“纽克姆公爵”里23级不停的大屠杀，或者在“血腥的咆哮”里，让玩家拥有从未有过的更多摧残、碾压，甚至吞噬敌人的方法。

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学到的东西呢？

一想到这些，难道不令人难受吗？

CA-LGWK-Synonyms-3Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozecompare contrastContrast means to consider or point out the differences between two things that are superficially similar but in fact very differentfrom each other, with its emphasis on the difference. Comparesuggests that one thing is like another in some significant way, however unlike inothers.contrastssharply with the guestroom in 1. The boy's bedroom ________terms of light.2. I can only compare_______comparethis experience of mine to that of falling in love.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-LGWK-Synonyms-4Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3. The flat was really very nice, but comparedcompared________with what we used to have, it was a terrible letdown.contrasting4. There are in the room chairs and sofas of contrasting _________shapes and colours.CA-LGWK-Synonyms-5Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze综合教程5(第2版)电子教案momentary temporaryTemporaryimplies a measurable but limited duration, and also suggests makeshift arrangements made for the time being under the pressure of circumstances. Momentary means coming and going away suddenly, in a moment, indicating relative brevity of duration.1. Your debt situation is only temporarytemporary________, and it is within your power to resolve it.momentarypause of the speaker was immediately 2. The _________followed by cheers and applause.

CA-LGWK-Synonyms-6Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

3. Under law, your employer has the power to hire a temporaryworker to replace you.________4. He rejects the view that violent people act out of momentary_________passion; on the contrary, they consciously construct violent plans of action for long.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-LGWK-Synonyms-7Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozedebate argueArguerefers to a reasoned presentation of views or to a heated exchange of opinion amounting to a quarrel. Debatemeans to argue formally, usually under the control of a referee and according to a set of regulations. Also they collocate differently with different types of objects, as the exercise shows.1. They ______arguedferociously over who should pay the bill.2. The House of Commons is to ______debateonce again whether to bring back the death penalty.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-LGWK-Synonyms-8Explaining| Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze

arguedthat it is not their job to chase down 3. Bank officials ______arguedevery asset of every bank debtor.4. Articles poured in, debating_______the merits and demerits of the three candidates.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Filling-1Explaining| Synonyms| Filling| Sentences | Grammar | ClozeFill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.solitarymomentaryingeniousintimidatepunditvoidfurioustangiblecynicallycoordinationillusioninstantaneouscoordinated.1. Town planning and land allocation has to be __________intimidating2. She admits that her height is intimidating_________for some men.3. Most young people in the West are expected to leave __________momentous decision —what could be the life's most momentousmarriage —almost entirely up to luck.综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-Filling-2Explaining| Synonyms| Filling| Sentences | Grammar | Cloze4. What decided him was a ______cynical cynicalquestion: \I fail, I'll be no worse off than I am now, will I?\5. He was forced to romanticize the past as he became increasingly disillusioned__________with his present.disillusioned intangibles6. The approach fails to take into consideration _________intangibles such as pride of workmanship, loyalty and work habits.7. The declaration was null and ____voidvoid as it was proclaimed in completely illegal circum-stances.8. Abortion is an issue which has produced a lot of sound fury, but little reasoned argument.and fury___CA-Translation-s1Translating Sentences| Translating Passage1. 总的说来，这个公司的前景显得相当美好。(outlook) Overall the outlookfor the company seems fairly rosy. 2. 我不赞同儿童玩电子游戏的一个原因是其中有太多的假想的暴力场面。(make-believe)One of reasons why I disapprove of kids playing video games is that there tend to be too many make-believe scenes of violence. 综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

综合教程5(第2版)电子教案CA-Translation-s2

Translating Sentences| Translating Passage3. 一天又一天做同样形式的练习会让学生厌倦这些练习。(tire of)Doing the same type of exercises day after day would easily get students tiredofthem. 4. 我已安排好周四同他共进午餐，届时我将向他透露我的计划。(unfold) I've arranged a lunch with him next Thursday at which I'm going to unfold my proposal. 综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

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CA-Translation-s3Translating Sentences| Translating Passage5. 请填好所附表格，尽快寄往所示地址。convenience) (at one's Please fill in the form attached and send it to the address shown at your earliest convenience. 6. 美国总统竞选中最厉害的奚落语之一是“他绝不是杰克·肯尼迪”。(put-down)One of the biggest put-downs of the American presidential election campaign was the comment that he was \Kennedy\CA-Translation-s4Translating Sentences| Translating Passage7. 一位英国学者最近在《自然》杂志上撰文指出，人类的一切行为都是为了引起他人的注意。(engage one's attention) Recently a British scholar wrote in Nature, pointing out that all the human acts are intended to engage others' attention. 8. 为了帮助他们的孩子获得社会竞争的信心，家长经常在家庭游戏比赛中故意输给孩子。(gain confidence) In order to help their kids gain confidence in social competition, parents often pretend to lose in games at home. 综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

综合教程5(第2版)电子教案

从前，人们日出而作，日落而息。没有人关心其他地方是否阳光灿烂。声音传达不到地球的另一端。时间只是一个区域性概念：挤牛奶有规定的时间，收割稻麦有规定的时间，坐下来休息也有规定的时间。不知从哪一天起，这些事情都发生了变化。今天，商务和通讯24小时不停地进行着。有线电视新闻节目中报道的事件不再是哪个小时发生的，而是一小时或30分钟前的事情。当地时间不再是一个有意义的事件标志。

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