11111中口完整版笔记

Get Ahead with Gerard

Prepared by Shen Yi, Gerard

New Oriental School, 2011

Who’s Gerard

培训行业10多年经验，主要教授课目：

商务英语（中级、高级）1999年开始，

上海市口译资格考试（中级、高级）中级从01年开始，高级从03年开始

雅思英语（听力、写作、口语）

不同英语科目的学习能够互相借鉴

9年国际财经新闻编辑，中级职称

现场口译，工作中经常要为领导担任口译、笔译工作

教学坚持

“一本书”主义, 即，坚持口译教材

以考试为导向，即，多年的积累，所有录音材料均为以往考试真题。

以“comparative studies” 为角度，强化学员中英文沟通技巧，还原语言学习本色

讲课从在校学生角度出发，旨在给大学生的余下的大学时光一定的启发；结合时事政治恰到好处的延伸，增加学生的知识面，最新词汇的学习。理性、建设性。

Melamine-tainted food

Bolster domestic demand

课程设计:

Meetings 1,2,3,4 基础阶段，中英文之间转换，注意中文和英文表达的差异，强调遣词造句的能力，改变原来只能说只言片语的英文而转为能够improvise完整的英语句子，注重积累

Meetings 5,6,7 强化阶段掌握常见中英文句型、短语、表达方式

经过第一阶段密集的培训，学员应该掌握了中英文表达的差异，基本上能根据源语言大致翻译成目标语言，一次能完成源语言信息的60%左右，进一步熟练中英文之间的转换，进一步积累常用短语

Meetings 8,9,10 精准英语以及考试冲刺，如何看待口译教材参考译文

经过两个阶段的努力，学员应该能基本掌握考试要领，接下来就是要对英语表达质量提高。注重转换的速度、信息的完整，并提高译文质量。加大考题的训练，考试技巧的讲解，帮助学生一次就通过口译两个阶段的考试。

课程目标：

为今年9月份的考试做准备

熟悉与中国知识的英语表达，向外国友人介绍中国的历史、文化以及社会现状

提升英语表达的逻辑，英语的精准，precise, concise, and vigorous

上课要求

课前要预习，词汇要准备，防止口译课沦为词汇课的尴尬

课后要复习，完成一定量的回家作业，巩固课堂所学到的知识

课内不要只知道记词汇，更多的精力应该花在培养语言转换能力，应对多种英语句型，组词造句，并提高应变能力

第一次课小试牛刀

Orientation

第一次课小试牛刀

教学目标了解口译员的基本素质要求，中英文思维转换

了解中级口译的考试内容、考试程序、评分标准，如何准备考试

教学难点中英文之间转换，

Congestion

Occupational hazard

Hazardous inhale

Native-like

Straight

I. Linguistic Competence

a. Phonetic Competence

A public speaker-- Confidence, articulate, rhythm, stress and tone self-assurance

What should I do if I don’t speak like a native speaker?

Very well

How to dealing with foreign accents

Occupational hazard

Jeopardize

Traffic congestion

练习

For the first time, we have a unique opportunity to lay a foundation for a universal system based on rights and obligations agreed on consensus and binding all its members.

b. Acute Hearing

Majo r Obstacle to many students who take Interpreters’ Certificate exam

How to sharpen my ears?

Intensive Listening v.s. Extensive Listening

Get focused

听力资源网站：5e0c28c4d5bbfd0a795673d7,

为什么听不懂？

English v.s. Chinese

汉语强调意合，结构比较松散，因此简单句较多；

英语强调形和，结构比较严密，长句多。Sense unit 意群

形合：语句各成分的相互结合常用适当的连接词语或各种语言连接手段，以表示其结构关系。英语注重形式(形合)，因此句子之间大量使用各种关系词(When which, whose, why, where, how, what)和连接词(and．but．or, as well as，so…that, unless, not only…but also)等等。

英语重形合：准确、具体、写实、逻辑性强

意合：句中各成分之间或句子之间的结合多依靠语义的贯通，少用连接语，所以句法结构形式短小精悍，汉语注重意合，不大喜欢用没有实际意义的虚词，只是把事情和意思连接起来，词句之间的关系在不言之中。

汉语重意合：模糊、含蓄、写意、关系微妙

杨振宁: 中国的文化是向模糊、朦胧及总体的方向走；而西方的文化是向准确而具体的方向走

汉译英的时候要注意：对于句子间的逻辑关系，采取以由隐形变显性的策略，用适当的连接词或关系词将汉语所隐含的逻辑关系表明出来。（竹竿—葡萄）

Discourse

P76

考虑到您的舒适和方便，您可以住在公司的外宾专用别墅。别墅位于海滩，开车10分钟就能到我们公司。

您一定会喜欢的。

Dominant part

Dominant verb

cf.

A: Considering your convenience and comfort, you can stay in our company’s villa for foreign guests. The villa is located by the sea. It takes you 10 minutes to drive from there to our company. You will like it.

Stop selling tickets three minutes before the last train arrives.

All ticketing booths and fare vending machines be closed three minutes before the last train.

B: For your convenience and comfort, we’d like to accommodate you in our company’s seaside villa, which is 10 minutes by car from our company. I hope you will like it.

Second language

Foreign

May I suggest that we set up a board of directors for the management of the company and share rights and obligations as equal partners?

语势重

通过及时沟通平等磋商的方法，防止矛盾的进一步激化。

c.f.

A: We should through consultation avoid the escalation of disputes.

B: Disputes should be resolved through timely communication and consultation on equal footing to avoid possible escalation.

中国绝对不会把曾经遭受的欺凌强加在别国头上。

cf.

A: China will never impose the humiliation it once suffered on other nations.

B: China will never impose on other nations the kind of humiliation it once suffered.

c. An Exceptionally Large Vocabulary

Try these:

磁悬浮列车氨基酸horticulture

Sino-Anglo Business Association

Semantic range

d. Combating Chinglish

--A painful marriage between Chinese and English.

把上海建设成为一个国际化大都市to turn Shanghai into an international metropolis Cosmopolitan

注意安全be careful

Beware of safety

节约用水water conservation

(上海野生动物园的)步行区, 车行区pedestrian and vehicular enclosure

Area

Zone hi-tech development zone

District

Region Special Administrative Region

Enclosure

Specific

Cultural Awareness

约翰逊博士, 很久不见, 您又发福了

Petit

Plump

Chubby

Historic system

System of the past

Flip flop

Get sidetracked

哪里哪里,

介绍一下,这是我的爱人,

我想发表一些我的粗浅的看法

韩国是亚洲经济四小龙之一

e. Encyclopaedic Knowledge

A knowledge-based profession

f. Good Memory

All interpreters have a photocopy-like memory? Some do, some don’t.

Short-term memory v.s. long term memory

让我们小试牛刀一下

1. I’d like to extend my deepest appreciation to all the distinguished guests he re in this hall.

如何表达“感谢某人”？

Extend one’s heartfelt gratitude to sb. For something

Thank sb. For sth.

Outstanding achievements

2. Now I propose a toast to the success of the conference and the health of all the distinguished guests here.

May I propose a toast

I’d like you to join me in a toast to

3. I’d like to take this opportunity to wish Mr. Mayor and all our Chinese friends present here tonight good health.

Take this opportunity

Avail of this opportunity

On this occasion

Please allow me to

Permit me to

I’d like to take this opportunity to

4. We gathered here today to observe the foundation of Euro-Chinese Trade Council.

5. 感谢大家从百忙中拨冗光临今天的新春联欢会！

Take some time off one’s busy schedule

6. 我谨对您的友好邀请和盛情款待，表示衷心的感谢！

Gracious invitation and warm hospitality

7. 我盼望通过这次会议，双方能更广泛更深入地交换意见。

Exchange our ideas extensively

8. 我现在宣布，第十四届妇女儿童权利保障论坛正式开幕！

Declare the official opening of ..Forum on ….

9. 我预祝本届中非经济合作论坛取得圆满成功！

Wish a complete success

Congratulate on the success ful convening of ….

10. I am pleased to welcome you, my distinguished guests to Miami, a beautiful city which is also my hometown, for the first meeting of US-China Cooperation Forum.

11. It is our sincere wish that we continue to work closely together to enhance our friendly relationship and to ensure a sustained growth in our economic, financial and trade cooperation.

第二次课礼仪接待

Task Sight Interpretation

教材

World-renowned 举世闻名

Prestigious university 久负盛名

Cultural diversity 文化多元

Vibrant/ dynamic 充满活力/生机vibration

特殊的敬意special regard

怀旧nostalgia

值得纪念memorable

最高的礼仪utmost courtesy

广泛extensive

幼稚naive

让。。。。。黯然失色overshadow

非政府部门non-governmental sectors

互利互惠

Mutual benefits and reciprocity

Reciprocal agreement 互惠协定

To reciprocate the goodwill of Chinese people,以回报中国人民的友谊

诚意faith

战略关系

Relationship(s)

Relation(s)=links

China and US have established relations in trade, education, military and scientific exchange. Bilateral relation

Friendly and cooperative relationship

Connection

He’s well-connected

Yield fruits=score achievements 取得成就

Rewarding cooperation 获益匪浅的合作

在这样的背景下

In this context

Against the backdrop of economic globalization

In this background

全文讲解sense unit 意群

Permit me first to say thank you to our Chinese hosts，for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality ．My wife and I，as well as our entire party are deeply grateful.

On behalf of every member of this delegation/mission

Extend one’s heartfelt gratitude to sb. for sth.

Express one’s deepest appreciation

Patent phrases

In the short period of six days，we have gone a longer distance than the world-renowned “Long March”．

A 比

B + 形容词

We have acquired a keen sense of/=we are deeply impressed by the the diversity，dynamism，and progress of China// under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world．

Since China adopted the policies of opening and reform

Since the adoption of/initiation of

My wife and I have a special regard and personal friendship for the people of China．Beijing is for us is an old and nostalgic home．

During our stay here ten years ago we spent a great deal of memorable time with the people here--- working，shopping，sightseeing，and touring the city on our bicycles．

During that time we never experienced anything other than the utmost courtesy and genuine friendship of the Chinese people．

Explain

Re-write

We were part of the dramatic process// which brought us back together //and set us on the road //to a genuine friendly and cooperative relationship．

Our friendly and cooperative ties have become extensive，affecting all aspects of our national lives：commerce，culture，education，and scientific exchange．

I am most proud of the large number of Chinese students，being educated in exchange in my country．I myself teach some of them and see the benefits that come from this exchange．At the same time we are learning valuable lessons from you．

Nonetheless，problems remain in our economic，education and strategic relations．While we are not so naive as to believe that there are no issues of difference between us, I also believe that our differences are greatly overshadowed by issues// which bind us and strengthen our relationship．

As a former government leader and now a private citizen，I recognize that many of the burdens and opportunities of our relationship have now passed to the non—governmental sectors of our two societies．

There is no doubt that our relations have reached a new stage．In this context，it is important for our two societies to search for areas of cooperation , which clearly add to our mutual benefit．

Self-evident

My visit is a symbol of the good faith //with which we seek to build up the strength of our

friendship，our cultural and commercial ties and our important strategic relationship．

V + A,B,C

Events of the past decade have confirmed time and time again that our friendship and cooperation will continue to flourish and yield more fruits in the days to come．

主动与被动?

译家之言

余光中：被动与否，古人显然并不烦心。到了翻译体中，一经英文文法点明，被动语气遂蠢蠢不安起来。‘被’字成为一只跳蚤，咬得所有动词痒痒难受。”‘他被警告，莎莉有梅毒’；‘威廉有一颗被折磨的良心’；‘他是被她深深地喜爱着’；鲍士威尔主要被记忆为千个传记家’：‘当那只狗被饿得死去活来的时候，我也被一种悲哀所袭击’；‘最后，酒被喝光了，菜也被吃完了’：这样子的恶译、怪译，不但流行于翻译体中，甚至有侵害创作之势。

关于遣词用字good faith，with good faith，build up the strength, economic ties 怎样措辞？

词本无义遣词用字是一种翻译技巧，也是译者最重要的基本功，在翻译的整个过程中都需要我们对译文的字词取舍做出正确的判断，形成通顺的文字。

鲁迅先生在谈到翻译工作的甘苦时曾说过：我向来总以为翻译比创作容易，因为至少是无须构想。但到真的一译，就会遇到难关；比如一个名词或动词，写不出，创作的时候可以回避，翻译上却不成，也还得想，一直弄得头昏眼花，好像在脑子里面摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。

Wittgenstein: The meaning of word is its use in the language

Firth: Each word when used in a new context is a new word.

林语堂：字是死的，有了上下文才是活的。依靠词典过了头也会出毛病

Mixed breed

Hybrid rice/ car

Multiracial people

Task: 真题

M5E1

Members of our delegation

Cordial friends/ cordial invitation 真挚的

Trading partners 贸易伙伴国

Task: 真题M1E1

Chinese proverb 中国谚语

宾至如归

Isn’t it a great delight to receive a friend from afar?

Long distance separates no bosom friends.

When the visitor arrives, it is as if returning home.

Joint venture合资企业

Wholly/soly-foreign funded enterprise

Survive the fierce competition在激烈的竞争中幸存下来

Task: 真题M2E1

Act according to the principle of 按照。。。原则行动abide by

Dignity and fairness尊严以及公平

A remark from Analects of Confucius can best express my feeling now.

Modernization program/drive现代化建设

Ambitious undertaking 雄心勃勃的任务

Since the founding of new China, the country has made great progress/surged ahead/made great headway in education, culture, public health and various social undertakings.

Task: 真题教材447 M12C1

With the transformation of governmental functions, much of the work involving social services that was initially undertaken by the government will have to be transferred gradually to social groups and non-governmental organizations.

随着政府职能的转变，原来由政府包揽的许多社会服务工作，有相当一部分将逐步转移到社会团体和民间组织。

China has made great headways in economy, public health, education, culture, science and technology and other various social undertakings since the country adopted the opening up and reform policy.

Practical and effective approach 实际并且有效的方式

We do not assess in identical fashion all aspects of today’s world—with our distinct histories, geographies and cultures it is inconceivable that we could see eye to eye on all issues.

These wrong practices must be corrected.

Fraudulent business practices

Endeavor

I look forward, in the next few days, to the opportunity of learning something from your endeavors and experience in promoting economic and social development in the service of your people.

Task: 真题P427 M3C1

Very glad to welcome/receive

On behalf of all the faculty and students of this university

Frequent exchanges will increase understanding and academic exchange

This visit will promote the friendly and cooperative relationship between our two universities

Task: 真题P430 M4C2

满天星斗，举国同庆Starry night

Star-lit night of national celebration

良辰佳时wonderful and joyous occasion

Come all the way from

轻松、欢快relaxing and delightful

尽情品尝taste …to one’s heart’s content

中国传统佳肴和美酒delicious traditional Chinese food and wonderful wine

Chinese cuisine 烹饪

Culinary styles

Authentic

增进友谊enhance friendship

Enhanced version of the anti-virus software

祝身体健康，事业有成

Wish good health and successful career

这次会议的主题是“促进全球化时代的世界经济平衡有序地发展”。会议将围绕这一主题进行深入讨论并达成共识。／／

我深信，这次会议将对促进世界经济的增长，以及对世界各国的共同发展产生积极的影响。／／

经济全球化趋势深入发展，以信息科技、生物科技为主要标志的现代科技进步日新月异，各国正面临着难得的发展机遇。／／

我们同时也清楚地看到，世界发展不平衡的问题日益突显。我们必须加强国际合作，携手应对挑战。

第三次课礼仪祝词强化

Task: 真题P430 M4C2

教材p151

满天星斗，举国同庆Starry night 起兴

On this star-lit night of national celebration

良辰佳时wonderful and joyous occasion

远道而来Come all the way from

Distinguished guests from all over the world 嘉宾

Guests from all walks of life

轻松、欢快relaxing and delightful

尽情品尝taste …to one’s heart’s content

中国传统佳肴和美酒delicious traditional Chinese food and wonderful wine

Chinese cuisine 烹饪

Culinary style/art

增进友谊enhance friendship

promote

Enhanced version of the anti-virus software

祝身体健康，事业有成

Wish good health and successful career

On behalf

Rewrite

Take some time off one’s busy schedule

Welcome

Appreciate

Basically

generally

Particularly

In particular

Theoretically

Normally

In its final analysis

We are fortunate to have the attendance of friends with Benson Electronics who came all the way from Canada.

If you could quote us your most competitive price, we’d like to buy auto parts form your company on regular basis.

Quickly understand a regu

I feel greatly honored to….

I feel privileged to

It is a great honor for us to celebrate/spend this evening with so many distinguished guests

Go to great lengths to do

Go all out

Would you like a second helping?

Make yourself at home.

Sweet and sour pork

Lavish spread

Exquisite Chinese cuisine

Substantial

Serving

In the end

At last

Finally

Eventually

In closing

Theoretically

In its final analysis

We have the attendance of friends from Benson Electronics who came all the way from Canada. Modifier 195P

Accelerate

————————+名词

________+N+________

Pre-modifier

Post-modifier

冠词

代词（1,2）

数词

形容词ill

Mission impossible

分词

————————————————

介宾

Of the policies of opening up and reform

分词短语

Soldiers wounded in the war

Wounded soldiers in the war

The cost has exceeded 30% of the budget. >30

The cost has exceeded the budget by 30%. >130

Budget 100

Laws governing businesses

定语从句

Trade thoroughfare connecting Asia and Europe.

Authentic Chinese art performance by some talented young employees.

虚词

Audience-oriented

Authentic Chinese art performances by some talented employees

、

Task: 真题：

庆祝：to celebrate

observe the foundation of Sino-US business Council

吸引、引人入胜：appeal to

硕果累累(的合作)：rewarding/ fruitful/cooperation

yield high returns/

合资企业：joint venture 外商独资企业solely/wholly foreign-funded enterprises 显著增长：increase remarkably

Our company has a marked increase in sales revenue in the first half of this year.

翻两番：quadruple;

Double GDP per capita

Triple

Quintuple

Increase XXX-fold/ times

This year’s grain output is five times smaller than that of last year’s.

保持维持：keep, maintain

Maintenance

Well-preserved

The preservation of historic buildings in Shanghai

充分发挥：make the best use of

Take full advantage

Gracious invitation

Gather ceremoniously

Dedication

Unity

United Front against Japanese Aggression

Let’s get united in the fight against XXXXX.

Solidarity of the Chinese nation

Cohesion 凝聚力

The peaceful reunification of Taiwan

Magnificent

Delegation

Decorate

Furnish

Remodel

Restore

His toric buildings restored in their 1920s’ look.

Recover

Restore diplomatic ties

Regain one’s composure

Rehabilitate one’s reputation

Resume operation

Ornament

Art Décor

This year’s grain output is five times smaller than that of last year’s.

Pragmatic

Magnificent

Performance v.s. price ratio

Ipad appeals to Chinese young people with its high quality, excellent performance and trendy design.

Stylish

女士们，先生们：今天我们在此欢聚一堂，庆祝五一国际劳动节。首先请允许我代表太平洋邮电服务公司向各位来宾和同事表示热烈的欢迎。\\

五一国际劳动节是一个欢乐的节日，它对我们所有的人都有其引人入胜之处，那就是勤劳、团结合作和奉献。\\

过去的两年，是一个硕果累累的两年。我们合资企业的销售额显著增长，利润翻了两番。\\ 我希望我们能够继续保持这种务实的合作关系，充分发挥团队精神，力争来年再创辉煌。

Ladies and gentlemen, today we are gathered together here to celebrate May International Labor Day. First, on behalf of Shanghai Pacific Post Telecommunications Service Company, let me extend our warm welcome to each guests and colleagues.//

May 1,the International Labor Day, is a very happy and joyous occasion. There is something in this festival that appeals to every one of us, namely, diligence, cooperation and dedication.// The past two years were really rewarding years for all of us, as our joint-venture had a remarkable sales growth and our profit was quadrupled.//

I hope we will be able to maintain this practical cooperative relationship, give play to the team spirit and make the coming years more fruitful.

P445 M11C1

教材P154

M12C1 P447

社会主义市场经济体制：socialist market economy system

China hopes that US will recognize the country’s status as a market economy.

社会福利保障体制social welfare and security system

to address the concerns of the people 回答（解决）人民最关心的问题

to improve the livelihood of people 改善民生

price hike/general inflation will hurt/affect people’s livelihood

to redress the grievances of people 疏民怨

improve governance

to alleviate the hardships of people 解民困

alleviate people’s burdens with fees and taxes

the threshold of individual income tax has been raised to 3500 yuan .

提出更高要求put higher requirements on

政府职能转变the transformation of government roles

政府包揽的社会服务工作social service work undertaken by the government

转移transfer

社会团体和民间组织social organizations/ NGOs

推动to promote

总结和交流summarize and exchange

制定发展战略和行动计划to map out future development strategy and action plan

我国社会主义市场经济体制的发展，要求我们改革和完善社会福利保障体制，从而对社区服务提出了更高的要求。／／

, which in turn put higher requirements on

Long-range objective of social development

12th Five-Year Plan

随着政府职能的转变，原来由政府包揽的许多社会服务工作，有相当一部分已经转移到社会团体和民间组织。／／

Pass to

Self-evident

这种转变向我们提出了一个课题，即政府和社会团体如何密切合作，共同推进社区服务事业。／／

Put forward a new task

Raise a new issue

seminar

我们举办这次研讨会的目的就是为了总结和交流这些年来的经验，制订未来社区工作的发展战略和行动计划。

Seminar

Symposium

Press conference

Forum

The 10th international forum on Internet Service.

Organizing committee

Organizer

Municipal

From all walks of life

I declare the official opening of …..

I’d like to offer my congratulations on the successful convening of ……

Wish a complete success of the seminar

Some developed countries have accumulated rich experience which merits our reference and study.

It is my strong belief that

firm belief

conviction that

I’m deeply convinced that this forum plays a significant role in promoting the vigorous development of community service, China’s economic development and social stability

对，就把将，令向为

由

Task: 真题M7C1 436p

主题：the theme of

促进全球化时代的世界经济平衡有序地发展

to promote the balanced development of world economic in a globalized economy

进行深入讨论并达成共识

to carry out in-depth discussion and to reach consensus/common understanding on …

深信

I’m deeply convinced

It is my strong conviction that

It is my firm belief that

经济全球化趋势深入发展

the trend of economic globalization continues

或者economic globalization continues to gain momentum

以……为标志marked by, represented by, led by

难得的发展机遇 a rare opportunity for development

日益突出the problem features more salient

加强国际合作to strengthen international cooperation

携手to join hands/ make concerted efforts/ hand in hand/make joint efforts

应对挑战take on the challenges

第四次课国际关系

坚定不移unswervingly adhere to the policy of

Make unremitting efforts to 坚持不懈

维护世界和平safeguard world peace

Uphold the banner of 高举世界和平的大旗

建设性作用to play a constructive role in safeguarding world peace

公正合理的国际新秩序 a fair, rational international order

韬光养晦to hide one’s abilities and bide one’s time

中美关系P349

strategic partnership 战略性合作伙伴

abide by Three Sino-US Joint Communiqué恪守中美三个联合公报

the value of Chinese currency 人民币汇率问题

undervalue （货币价值被）低估

appreciate 升值

China is now US’s largest credit holder 债权国debtor

T-bond

中欧关系

差异，如：不同的政治体制，文化、历史传统，走过了不同的历史道路

traverse different historic paths

in a spirit of 本着。。。。精神

on the basis of在。。。。基础之上

共同利益，互相尊重，互惠互利

mutual respect

equality and

mutual benefits and reciprocity

win-win thinking, to achieve a win-win result for all 双赢

求同存异

seek common grounds while shelving/putting aside differences

(X) to reserve/ to overlook differences

seek common grounds despite differences (最简单版本)

中日关系：以史为鉴take history as a mirror 领土争端settle/resolve territorial dispute

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