2011级大学英语C - 试题册（艺术类学生版） - 图文

科文学院2011级大学英语C

期末复习题集（艺术类）

Time and tide wait for no man.

大学英语教研室 2012年12月

Part I Reading comprehension

Passage 1

It is a matter of common observation that although incomes keep going up over the years, people never seem to become much better off! Prices are rising continuously. This condition is termed one of inflation; the money supply is becoming inflated so that each unit of it becomes less valuable.

People have grown accustomed in recent years to higher and higher rates of inflation. What could be bought ten years ago for one dollar now costs well over two dollars? Present indications are that this rate of inflation is tending to rise rather than to fall. If in the real world our money incomes go up at the same rate as prices one might think that inflation does not matter. But it does. When money is losing value it lacks one of the qualities of a good money - stability of value. It is no longer acceptable as a store of value; and it becomes an unsuitable standard of deferred(延迟) payments. Nobody wants to hold a wasting asset(资产), so people try to get rid of money as quickly as possible. Inflation therefore stimulates consumer spending, and prevents people from saving.

1. Inflation is a situation in which __________. A. we find our money increase in its value B. employment no longer becomes a problem C. people can always find better paying jobs D. money keeps losing its value

2. According to the author, inflation __________.

A. is very common at the present time B. seldom happens C. has become rare in recent years D. is just reasonable 3. According to the passage, if incomes and prices rise together __________.

A. money will hold its value B. inflation poses no problem C. inflation will remain to be a problem D. the business will prosper 4. When money loses its value __________.

A. it is no longer stable B. its rate against gold will be kept at the same level C. goods will lose their value D. incomes will keep rising 5. In a period of inflation, people are likely to __________. A. invest heavily on the stock market B. save money

C. hold on to money as a dependable asset D. spend money and not bother to save Passage 2

Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you built a positive self-image and learnt to love yourself.

Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.

The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.

It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task.

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If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes.

The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way.

1. You need to build a positive self-image when you ______________.

A) dare to challenge yourself B) feel it hard to change yourself C) are unconfident about yourself D) have a high opinion of yourself 2. According to the passage, our self-images ________________.

A) have positive effects B) are probably untrue C) are often changeable D) have different functions 3. How should you change your self-image according to the passage?

A) Keep a different image of others. B) Make your life successful. C) Understand your own. D) Change the way you think. 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A) How to prepare for your success. B) How to face challenges in your life. C) How to build a positive self-image. D) How to develop your good qualities. 5. Who are the intended readers of the passage?

A) Parents. B) Adolescents. C) Educators. D) People in general. Passage 3

Women still have an uneasy relationship with power and the traits necessary to be a leader．There is this internalized fear that if we are really powerful，we are going to be considered heartless or unpleasantly aggressive or forceful．We are still working at trying to overcome the fear that power and womanliness are mutually exclusive．

In my case，I think I may have had an easier time dealing with this fear because my first taste of leadership came in a situation in which I was a blissfully (幸福地) ignorant outsider．It was in college，when I became president of the Cambridge Union debating society．Since I had grown up in Greece，I had never heard of the Cambridge Union or the Oxford Union and didn’t know about their place in English culture，so I wasn’t weighed down with the kinds of overwhelming notions that may have stopped British girls from even thinking about trying for such a position．

The same thing happened when my first book，The Female Woman，came out．I was 23 and my U.S. publisher, Random House，flew me from London to New York．They handed me my schedule，and my first interview was with Barbara Walters on the Today show．This didn’t confuse and shock me since I had no idea who Barbara Walters was, and had never heard of the Today show．So 1 was less nervous than if I had been on a local show in Athens that my family and classmates could have watched.

In this way，it was a blessing that I started my career outside my home environment．It had its own problems in that I was laughed at for my accent and was demeaned (贬低) as someone who spoke in a funny way．But it also taught me that it is easier to overcome people’s judgments than to overcome our own self-judgment，the fear we internalize．

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn said, “If you want to change the world，who do you begin with，yourself or others?”I believe if we begin with ourselves and do the things that we need to do and become the best person we can be，we have a much better chance of changing the world for the better． ．

1. According to the first paragraph，women leaders fear that they may be regarded as ． A) inconsiderate B) lacking in womanliness C) incompetent D) lacking in leadership

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2. What was the author's attitude towards“the kinds of overwhelming notions”?

A) She was ignorant． B) She was unhappy． C) She wasn’t stressed． D)She wasn’t satisfied． 3. What is said about Barbara Walters?

A) She was the interviewer on the Today show． B) She was a famous women leader in the U.S.

C) She was a clerk working for Random House． D) She was the most faithful fan of the author.

4. In what situation did the author find it easier to deal with fear?

A) When she had her first book published． B) When she was in an unfamiliar culture． C) When she was with friends and family． D) When she got used to facing the public 5. The author suggests that it is more difficult to overcome ．

A) prejudice against women leaders B) fear for the unpredictable future C) others’ judgments on us D) our own internalized fear Passage 4

The sea has always interested man. From it he can get food, minerals, and treasure. For thousands of years, he could sail on it. But he could not go far beneath its surface.

Man wants to explore deep into the sea. However, he is not a fish. Because he must breathe air, he can not stay under the water’s surface for any length of time. To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems.

A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture of gases. He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above. He can carry a tank of air on its back and breathe through a hose and a mouthpiece.

Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea. His body is under great pressure. When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes. As he rises to the surface, the water pressure becomes less. If the diver rises too quickly, the gases in his blood form bubbles. The diver is then suffering from the bends (潜水员病). The bends can cause a diver to double up in pain. They can even kill him.

1. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.

A) problems in deep-sea exploration B) breathing difficulty under the water surface C) diving D) exploration of the sea 2. Which of the following is NOT true of the passage? A) Man can get a lot from the sea. B) Man can swim like fish.

C) Man cannot stay under the water surface for long. D) The pressure in deep sea can be dangerous. 3. How can a diver breathe air?

A) He can breathe specially mixed gases. B) He can breathe from a tank on his back.

C) He can depend on the air pumped to him from above. D) All of the above.

4. Where does a diver get the bends? A) When he dives down too fast.

B) When he is at a great depth of the sea. C) When he rises too fast to the surface. D) When he is in poor health.

5. What could be the result of bends?

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A) The diver will die. B) The diver can’t stand upright. C) Both A and B. D) Neither A nor B. Passage 5

Day after day we hear about how anthropogenic（人为的）development is causing global warming. According to an increasingly vocal minority, however, we should be ourselves how much of this media hype（大肆宣传） is based on real evidence. It seems, as so often is the case, that it depends on which experts you listen to, or which statistics you study.

Yes, it is true that there is a mass of evidence to indicate that the world is getting warmer, with one of the world’s leading weather predictors stating that air temperatures have shown an increase of just under half a degree Celsius since the beginning of the twentieth century. And while this may not sound like anything worth losing sleep over, the international press would have us believe that the consequences would be devastating. Other experts, however, are of the opinion that what we are seeing is just part of a natural upward and downward swing that has always been part of the cycle of global weather. An analysis of the views of major meteorologists(气象学家) in the United States showed that less than 20% of them believed that any change in temperature over the last hundred years was our own fault-the rest attributed it to natural cyclical changes.

There is, of course, no denying that we are still at a very early stage in understanding weather. The effects of such variables as rainfall, cloud formation, the seas and oceans, gases such as methane and ozone, or even solar energy are still not really understood, and therefore the predictions that we make using them cannot always be relied on. Dr. James Hansen, in 1988, was predicting that the likely effects of global warming would be a rising of world temperature which would have disastrous consequences for mankind: “a strong cause and effect relationship between the current climate and human alteration of the atmosphere”. He has now gone on record as stating that using artificial models of climate as a way of predicting change is all but impossible. In fact, he now believes that, rather than getting hotter, our planet is getting greener as a result of the carbon dioxide increase, with the prospect of increasing vegetation in areas which in recent history have been frozen wasteland. 1. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?

A) The author believes that man is causing global warming. B) The author is sure what the causes of global warming are. C) The author believes that global warming is natural process.

D) The author does not say what he believes the causes of global warming are. 2. As to the causes of global warming, the author holds that ______.

A) you should not speak to any experts

B) often the facts depend on which expert you listen to C) the facts always depend on whom you are talking to

D) occasionally the facts depend on whom you are talking to

3. What is the opinion of more than 80% of the top meteorologists in the United States?

A) Global warming is not the result of natural cyclical changes, but man-made. B) Global warming is not man-made, but the result of natural cyclical change. C) Global warming should make us lose sleep.

D) The consequences of global warming will be devastating. 4. According to the author, our understanding of weather _______.

A) is variable

B) is not very developed yet C) leads to reliable predictions D) cannot be denied

5. Which fact is included in Dr. James Hansen’s present beliefs?

A) Earth is getting colder and greener.

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B) The consequences of global warming would be disastrous for mankind. C) It is nearly impossible to predict weather change using artificial models.

D) There is a close link between the climate now and man’s changing of the atmosphere. Passage 6

It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with nonsmokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates (变坏) as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and more often delinquent (犯法的) and sexually precocious (早熟). Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.

There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.

It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This rule has been introduced at Summerhill Scholl where I spent my schooldays.

There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal (肉体的) punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.

1. In this passage the author puts an emphasis on ___________. A) the effect of smoking among children

B) the difficulty in preventing children from smoking C) the reasons why children start smoking

D) the measures to ban smoking among children

2. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers? A) Disobedience. B) Laziness. C) Lack of intelligence. D) Vanity. 3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A) Some children start to smoke out of curiosity.

B) Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.

C) In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should not smoke. D) It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking. 4. The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking _____________.

A) should be introduced, for it really works at the school where he once studied B) should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance C) should be introduced though it may not work effectively

D) needn’t be introduced as long as teachers don’t smoke in front of children 5. The author’s attitude towards his writing is _________.

A) objective B) emotional C) critical D) indifferent Passage 7

Pregnancy mothers are getting a new tool to help keep themselves and their babies healthy: pregnancy tips sent directly to their cell phones.

The so-called text4baby campaign is the first free, health education program in the U.S. to harness the reach of mobile phones, according to its sponsors. Organizers say texting is an effective means of delivering wellness tips because 90 percent of people in the U.S. have cell phones.

“Especially if you start talking about low-income people, cell phones are the indispensable tool for reaching

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them and engaging them about their health,” said Paul Meyer, president of Voxiva, a company which operates health texting programs in Africa, Latin America and India.

Studies in those countries have shown that periodic texts can reduce smoking and other unhealthy behaviors in pregnant mothers.

Meyer said the U.S. program, run by Voxiva, will be the largest health-related texting program ever undertaken.

Under the new service, mothers-to-be who text “BABY” to a specified number will receive weekly text messages, timed to their due date or their baby’s birth date. The messages, which have been scanned by government and nonprofit health experts, deal with nutrition, immunization and birth defect prevention, among other topics. The messages will continue through the baby’s first birthday.

Text4baby is expected to be announced Thursday morning by officials from the White House’s Office of Science and Technology Policy. Government officials will be publicizing the campaign in speeches and promotional materials.

Organizers hope the effort can curb premature（早产的）births, which can be caused by poor nutrition, excessive stress, smoking and drinking alcohol. About 500,000 babies are born prematurely in the U.S. each year. The nonprofit is among the sponsors of the campaign.

“The real scary thing is that we’re an industrialized nation and we’re not doing very well on infant death rate, and we know prematurity is a big part of that,” said the group’s director, Judy Meehan.

Currently the U.S. ranks 30th worldwide for infant death rate, according to Meehan, behind most Western European nations.

Researchers at the George Washington University have agreed to evaluate the effectiveness of text4baby by measuring health trends for mothers and newborns.

1. The word “harness” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “ ”.

A) take advantage of B) be independent of C) produce an effect on D) expand the range of 2. What do we know about Africa, Latin America and India? A) They are among the profitable markets. B) Women seldom care about their health. C) People there are relatively poor. D) Cell phones are popular there.

3. The Text4 baby program is aimed at helping pregnancy women . A) in the U.S. B) in the poor countries

C) all over the world D) in Western European nations 4. What is the purpose of the Text4baby program?

A) To warn women against bad habits. B) To let people care about prematurity. C) To improve babies’ nutrition. D) To reduce infant death rate . 5. Compared with the U.S., most Western European nations .

A) have higher infant death rates B) do better on infant death rates C) do more studies on Text4baby D) pay less attention to Text4baby Passage 8

One of the greatest problems for those settlers in Nebraska in the last quarter of the previous century was fuel. Little of the state was forested when the first settlers arrived and it is probable that by 1880, only about one-third of the originally forested area remained, down to a mere 1 percent of the state’s 77,000 square miles. With wood and coal out of the question, and with fuel needed year-round for cooking, and during the harsh winter months for heating, some solution had to be found.

Somewhat improbably, the buffalo provided the answer. Buffalo chips (干粪块) were found to burn evenly,

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hotly, and cleanly, with little smoke and interestingly, no odor, Soon, collecting them became a way of life for the settlers’ children who would pick them up on their way to and from school, or take part in competitions designed to counteract their natural reluctance. Even a young man, seeking to impress the girl he wanted to marry, would arrive with a large bag of chips rather than with a box of candy or a bunch of flowers. 1. What is the main topic of this passage?

A) The solution to the Nebraska settlers’ fuel problem. B) Life in Nebraska in the late ninteenth century. C) The imporance of the American buffalo.

D) Deforestation in Nebraska in the late nineteenth century. 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Nebraska was not a densely-forested state even before the settlers arrived. B) The children enjoyed collecting the buffalo chips. C) The children spent a lot of time collecting the chips. D) Buffalo chips were satisfactory as a fuel.

3. The passage implies that buffalo chips were needed _______.

A) in greater amounts in summer B) in greater amounts in winter C) only in summer D) only in winter 4. Which of the following does the author not express surprise at?

A) The children needed competitions to them. B) The buffalo chips gave off no smell. C) Buffalo chips were the answer to the settlers’ fuel problem. D) Young men took bags of buffalo chips to their girl friends. 5. What’s the best title of the passage?

A) Early Settlers B) One Use of the Buffalo Chips

C) Nebraska’s Problems D) How Young Men Express Their Love for Girls Passage 9

The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the rnid-1920s.

We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America's bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.

Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don't continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks – that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入) segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest in the country.

We have learned much about the foolish idea of' excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader

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questions about assimilation, about how to ensure chat people, once outsiders, don't forever remain marginalized within these shores.

That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right. 1. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?

A) They were of inferior races. B) They were a source of political corruption. C) They were a threat to the nation's security. D) They were part of the nation's bloodstream. 2. What does the author think of the new immigrants?

A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S. B) They can do just as well as their predecessors. C) They will be very disappointed on the new land. D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.

3. What does Edward Telles' research say about Mexican-Americans?

A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation. B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment. C) They will melt into the African-American community. D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving. 4. What should be done to help the new immigrants?

A) Rid them of their inferiority complex. B) Urge them to adopt American customs.

C) Prevent them from being marginalized. D) Teach them standard American English, 5. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is

A) how to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents B) how to help immigrants to better fit into American society C) how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border D) how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S. Passage 10

After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.

There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.

Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.

If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!

1. A good title for this passage is ____________.

A. Sleep B. Good Health C. Dreams D. Work and Rest 2. The word \

A. sick B. stand up C. asleep D. a little sleepy

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3. The passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you ____________. A. dream more often B. have poor health C. nervous D. breathe quickly 4. During REM, ____________.

A. your eyes move quickly B. you dream C. you are restless D. both A and B 5. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ____________. A. approximately six hours B. around ten hours C. about eight hours D. not stated here Passage 11

After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late.

Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first award ceremony.

Nobel's original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $30,000 to $125,000.

Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judge' decision. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared prizes.

1. When did the first award ceremony take place?

A) 1895 B) 1901 C) 1962 D) 1968 2. Why was the Nobel Prize established?

A) To recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity. B) To resolve political differences. C) To honor the inventor of dynamite. D) To spend money

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) Awards vary in monetary value.

B) Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel's invention. C) Politics can play an important role in selecting the winners. D) A few individuals have won two awards.

4. In which area have Americans received the most awards?

A) literature B) peace C) economics D) science 5. In how many fields are prizes bestowed（授予）?

A) 2 B) 5 C) 6 D) 10 Passage 12

To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear. Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still before his class： he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will hear the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.

The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to

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act well on the stage, for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.

A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play： they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience, which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.

I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written. 1. What is the text about?

A) How to become a good teacher.

B) What a good teacher should do outside the classroom. C) What teachers and actors could learn from each other.

D) The similarities (相似处) and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s. 2. In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s? A) The teacher must learn everything by heart.

B) He knows how to control his voice better than an actor. C) He has to deal with unexpected situations. D) He has to use more facial expressions.

3. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that ____. A) students can move around in the classroom

B) students must keep silent while theatre audience needn’t C) no memory work is needed for the students

D) the students must take part in their teachers’ plays

4. Why is it that some good teachers are unable to play well on the stage? A) Nobody has taught them how to act on the stage. B) Their audiences are different.

C) It is impossible for them to do so much memory work. D) They are not used to repeating exactly the same words. 5. Which of the following is true?

A) Teachers have to learn by heart what they are going to say in class.

B) A teacher cannot decide beforehand what exactly he is going to say in class. C) A teacher must speak louder than an actor.

D) A teacher must have a better memory than an actor. Passage 13

Banks are not ordinarily prepared to pay out all accounts; they rely on depositors (储户) not to

demand payment all at the same time. If depositors should come to fear that a bank is not safe, that it cannot pay off all its depositors, then that fear might cause all the depositors to appear on the same day. If they did, the bank could not pay all accounts. However, if they did not all appear at once, then there would always be enough money to pay those who wanted their money when they wanted it. Mrs. Elsie Vaught has told us of a terrifying bank run that she experienced. One day in December of 1925 several banks failed to open in a city where Mrs. Vaught lived. The other banks expected a run the next day, and so the officers of the bank in which Mrs. Vaught worked as a teller had enough money on hand to pay off their depositors. The officers simply told the tellers to pay on demand. The next morning a crowd gathered in the bank and on the sidewalk outside. The length of the line made many think that the bank could not possibly pay off everyone. People began to push and then to fight for places near the

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tellers’ windows, the power of the panic atmosphere was such that two tellers, though they knew that the bank was quite all right and could pay all depositors, drew their own money from the bank. Mrs. Vaught says that she had difficulty keeping herself from doing the same. 1. A bank run happens when _______.

A) a bank is closed for one or more days

B) too many depositors try to draw out their money at one time C) there is not enough money to pay all its depositors at one time D) tellers of a bank take their own money from the bank 2. The tellers in Mrs. Vaught’s bank were told to ________. A) explain why they could not pay out all accounts B) pay out accounts as requested

C) make the depositors believe that the bank was stand D) pay out money as slowly as possible 3. The main cause of a bank run is _______.

A) loss of confidence B) lack of money

C) crowds of people D) inexperienced tellers 4. Which of the following did Mrs. Vaught say? A) She knew that the bank was not sound.

B) She feared that too many depositors drawing their money would close the bank. C) She was not able to draw out her money. D) She was tempted to draw out her money.

5. According to the passage, the actions of the depositors of Mrs. Vaught’s bank were affected mainly by the _______.

A) ease with which they could get their money B)confidence that Mrs. Vaught showed

C) failure of several other banks to open

D)confidence shown by other depositors of the bank Passage 14

Traffic lights are crucial tools for regulating traffic flow. They are not, however, perfect. At unmanaged junctions, a pattern of stop-go movement can still be frustrating and burn more fuel than a smooth passage would. Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicle’s speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green. That is theoretically possible, but practically hard. Roadside signs wired to traffic lights may help, but they have not been widely deployed. Now scientists have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective. Instead of a hardwired network of signs, they propose to use mobile-phone apps. For a driver to benefit, he must load a special software, dubbed SignalGuru, into his phone and then mount it on a special bracket attached to the inside of his car’s windscreen, with the camera lens pointing forwards. SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red, amber or green. It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, and—if there are enough of them—the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around town. Using this information, SignalGuru is able to calculate the traffic-light schedule for the region and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid running into red lights. Tests in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in Singapore, where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes, revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting traffic-light activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively, in the two cities. This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted, roughly half-way through the test, from their off-peak schedule to their afternoon-traffic schedule, while in Singapore lights are adaptive,

12

using detectors embedded (嵌入) under the road to determine how much traffic is around and thus when a signal should change. Fuel consumption fell, too—by about 20%. SignalGuru thus reduces both frustration and fuel use, and makes commuting a slightly less horrible experience.

1. What do drivers do if they want to pass unmanaged junctions smoothly? A) They must wait patiently until traffic lights turn green. B) They need to help traffic police to regulate traffic flow. C) They can drive through the red lights if nobody is around. D) They have to adjust the speed in time for the green lights.

2. Roadside signs have not been widely deployed probably because _______. A) they are less effective in bad weather B) they cost more money to install

C) it is hard to wire them to traffic lights D) it takes a lot of space to put them up

3. What do we know about SignalGuru from the second paragraph? A) It is intended to keep track of traffic jams. B) It can show where all traffic lights are. C) It enables phones to share the information. D) It works as a brake that slows down the car. 4. What did tests in Cambridge and Singapore reveal?

A) SignalGuru can detect the status of traffic lights with accuracy. B) Traffic lights in Cambridge work better than those in Singapore.

C) Drivers in Singalpore follow traffic rules better than those in Cambridge. D) Traffic lights in Cambridge are more adaptive in off-peak hour. 5 What does the passage mainly concern?

A) Traffic lights turn out to be not perfect all the time. B) Phones with SignalGuru can be a great aid to drivers. C) Drivers are often struck at unmanaged junctions.

D) Cities in the developed countries need SignalGuru badly.

Part II Cloze

Passage 1

Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just (67) and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship. (68) , denying the existence of conflict results in couples （69） to solve their problems at early （70） ,which can then lead to even greater problems later （71） .not surprisingly, expressing anger and disagreement leads to lower marital(婚姻的) satisfaction at the beginning. however, this pattern of behavior （72） increases in marital satisfaction over time. research suggests that working （73） conflicts is an important predictor of marital satisfaction.

So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relationships? First, try to understand the other person’s point of view （74） put yourself in his or her place. People who are （75） to what their partner thinks and feels （76） greater relationship satisfaction. For example, researchers found that among people in dating relationships （77） marriages, those who can adopt their partner’s perspective show more positive （78） , more relationship-enhancing attributes, and more constructive responses （79） conflict.

Second, because conflict and disagreements are an (80) part of close relationships, people need to be able to apologize to their partner for wrongdoing and (81) forgiveness from their partner for their own acts.

13

Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness. In line (82) this view, spouses who are more forgiving shoe higher marital (83) over time. Interestingly, apologizing can even have (84) health benefits. For example, when people reflect on hurtful (85) and grudges(怨恨), they show negative physiological(生理的) effects, including (86) heart rate and blood pressure, compared to when they reflect on sympathetic perspective-taking and forgiving.

67. A) resolve B) regret C) avoid D) abandon 68. A) Therefore B) However C) Moreover D) Besides 69. A) trying B) striving C) declining D) failing 70. A) ages B) years C) stages D) intervals 71. A) on B) by C) off D) away 72. A) predicts B) prescribes C) protests D) proves 73. A) through B) amid C) among D) round 74. A) so B) and C) but D) while 75. A) superior B) sensitive C) exclusive D) efficient 76. A) expose B) exploit C) explore D) experience 77. A) as long as B) as well as C) as far as D) as soon as 78. A) psychology B) minds C) emotions D) affection 79. A) at B) against C) toward D) to

80. A) inevitable B) essential C) absolute D) obvious 81. A) achieve B) inquire C) require D) receive 82. A) with B) over C) up D) of

83. A) identity B) charity C) capability D) quality

84. A) creative B) positive C) objective D) competitive 85. A) memories B) prospects C) concepts D) outlooks 86. A) toughened B) increased C) added D) strengthened

Passage 2

The term “quality of life” is difficult to define. It ___67___ a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and____68____, and so on. ___69_____speaking, the quality of life, especially as seen by the individual, is meaningful in ____70____ of the degree to which these various areas of life are ___71_____ or provide satisfaction to the individual. As activity carried ___72____ as one thinks fit during one’s spare time, leisure has the following _73____: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these __74____ according to the nature of one’s job and one’s life-style. Thus, people who need to __75____ much energy in their work will find relaxation most ___76_____ in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may ___77____ more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g. ___78____of skills and hobbies) in leisure. The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. ___79_____ the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a ___80___leisure activity, a change of experience to provide ___81___ from the stress and ____82___ of work; to learn more about what is happening in one’s environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by ___83____ other people’s life experiences as portrayed (描绘) in the programs. ___84__ leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take ___85___ one’s interests and preferences and get ___86____ in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

67. A) composes B) consists C) covers D) constitutes 68. A) excursion B) reservation C) recognition D) recreation 69. A) Basically B) Generally C) Primarily D) Frankly 70. A) terms B) place C) means D) way

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71. A) adaptable B) approachable C) available D) agreeable 72. A) out B) through C) away D) off

73. A) definitions B) identification C) functions D) operations 74. A) alters B) varies C) shifts D) changes 75. A) provide B) hire C) consume D) exert 76. A) preferable B) desirable C) feasible D) rational 77. A) tend B) prefer C) select D) oblige 78. A) training B) promotion C) nutrition D) cultivation 79. A) Still B) Yet C) Even D) So 80. A) correct B) adequate C) precise D) proper 81. A) separation B) escape C) flight D) isolation 82. A) relief B) anxiety C) squeeze D) strain

83. A) contrasting B) comparing C) matching D) measuring 84. A) Although B) Since C) Whether D) Therefore 85. A) after B) on C) with D) to

86. A) involved B) participated C) attended D) employed

Passage 3

If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or 67 in your work would depend, to 68 great extent, 69 your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. 70 the utmost importance is your attitude. A person 71 begins a job convinced that he isn’t going to like it or is 72 that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 73 his belief that he is probably as capable 74 doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt 75 it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.

76 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book-keeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw 77 hopeless cases. This book has being designed to help you capitalize 78 the strength and overcome the 79 that you bring to the job of learning. But in groups to measure your development, you must first 80 stock of where you stand now. 81 we get further alone in the book, we’ll be 82 in some detail with specific process for development and strengthening 83 skills. However, 84 begin with, you should pause 85 examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: you 86 , your reading and communication skills , and your study habits.

67. A) improvement B)victory C)failure D)achievement 68. A)a B)the C)some D)certain 69. A)in B)on C)of D)to 70. A)Out of B)Of C)To D)Into 71. A)who B)what C)that D)which 72. A)ensure B)certain C)sure D)surely 73. A)onto B)on C)off D)in 74. A)to B)at C)of D)for 75. A)near B)on C)by D)at

76. A)Have B)Had C)Having D)Had been 77. A)being B)been C)are D)is 78. A)except B)but C)for D)on

79. A)idea B)weakness C)strength D)advantage 80. A)make B)take C)do D)give

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81. A)As B)Till C)Over D)Out 82. A)deal B)dealt C)be dealt D)dealing 83. A)learnt B)learned C)learning D)learn 84. A)around B)to C)from D)beside 85. A)to B)onto C)into D)with

86. A)intelligence B)work C)attitude D)weakness

Passage 4

I know quite a lot of Chinese students in Britain. It seems to me that __67___ of Chinese students have never made efforts to reach out and embrace real British life on ___68____ own terms. Instead, most of them prefer to share apartment with one or more ___69____ Chinese students, communicating in mandarin and eating Chinese food on a daily ___70____. In some respects, it seems as though these Chinese young men ___71_____ China. Interactions with British people tend to be limited to relatively formal, even purely academic ___72____, such as the lecture room, the library, and the professor’s office. ___73_____, few Chinese students participate in campus extracurricular activities, such as athletic matches and dances, which would put them into ___74____ with a diverse array of British young people, who also long to make Chinese friends. ___75_____, most limit themselves to taking part in programs arranged by the Chinese student associations and quite naturally, these ___76____ are generally linked to Chinese occasions such as the Spring Festival. As a result, they often find it difficult to engage British friends ___77___ sophisticated conversation about subjects such as British politics and popular music. In short, they ___78____ a “feel” for the country.

Chinese students widely acknowledge this phenomenon even ___79____ they maintain differing views as to its cause. Some contend that they have difficulty bridging the divide ___80____ such practical consideration as money. However, most British students are just as poor. And most campus-based activities are ____81_____ to meet student needs.

I hope, and also believe, that the next ___82____ of the Chinese students in Britain—those who will begin the 21st century—will recognize their critical function in the process ___83____ Britain-China understanding. They will return to the People’s Republic of China in ___84____ numbers to contribute to China’s development in constructive ways. I only hope that ___85____ these students find their way back to China, they could find their way __86_____ the heart of Britain. 67. A) a majority B) majorities C) the majorities D) the majority 68. A) its B) our C) my D) their 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.

A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A) A)

folk basics

never had left outlooks Consequently contact Furthermore events for

are lacking as

in pursuit of priced category to further unexpected

B) B) B) B) B) B) B) B) B) B) B) B) B) B) B) B)

fellow bases

had never left positions Again context Preferably incidents at

are lacked if

in terms of paid

generation to farther uncounted

C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C)

clan base

never left settings Moreover content Rather affairs on

are lack then

on behalf of charged descendants of furthering unpredicted

16

D) D) D) D) D) D) D) D) D) D) D) D) D) D) D) D)

citizen basis

were never leaving occasions Instead connect Additionally accident in lack so

on account of cost species

of farthering unprecedented

85. A) after 86. A) around

B) before B) across C) when C) into D) until D) through

Passage 5

It’s an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that __67__ evening you’re burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, __68__ are throwing the book at kids. __69__ elementary school students are complaining of homework __70__. What’s a well-meaning parent to do?

As hard as __71__ may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you’ve got to get them to do it, __72__ helping too much, or even examing __73__ too carefully, you may keep them __74__ doing it by themselves. “I wouldn’t advise a parent to check every __75__ assignment,” says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “There’s a __76__ of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children __77__ the grade they deserve.”

Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their __78__. But “you don’t want them to feel it has to be __79__,” she says.

That’s not to say parents should __80__ homework---- first, they should monitor how much homework their kids __81__. “Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in __82__ four, five, and six is standard”, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be “__83__ more than an hour and a half,” and two for high-school students. If your child __84__ has more homework than this, you may want to check __85__ other parents and then talk to the teacher about __86__assignments.

67. A) very B) exact C) right D) usual 68. A) officials B) parents C) experts D) schools 69. A) Also B) Even C) Then D) However 70. A) fatigue B) confusion C) duty D) puzzle 71. A) there B) we C) they D) it 72. A) via B) under C) by D) for 73. A) questions B) answers C) standards D) rules 74. A) off B) without C) beyond D) from 75. A) single B) piece C) page D) other 76. A) drop B) short C) cut D) lack 77. A) acquire B) earn C) gather D) reach 78. A) exercises B) defects C) mistakes D) tests 79. A) perfect B) better C) unusual D) complete 80. A) forget B) refuse C) miss D) ignore 81. A) have B) prepare C) make D) perform 82. A) classes B) groups C) grades D) terms 83. A) about B) no C) much D) few

84. A) previously B) rarely C) merely D) consistently 85. A) with B) in C) out D) up

86. A) finishing B) lowering C) reducing D) declining

Passage 6

How many different kinds of emotions do you feel? You may be 67 to find that it is very hard to specify all of them. Not only 68 hard to describe in words, they are difficult to 69. As a result, two people rarely 70 all of them. However, there are a number of 71 emotions that most people experience. When we receive something that we want, or something happens 72 we like, we usually feel joy or happiness. Joy is a positive and powerful emotion, 73 for which we all strive. It is natural to want to be happy, and all of us

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74 happiness. As a general 75, joy occurs when we reach a 76 goal or obtain a desired object. 77 people often desire different goals and objects, it is 78 that one person may find joy in repairing an automobile, 79 another may find joy in solving a math problem. Of course, we often share 80 goals or interests, and therefore we can experience joy together. This may be in sports, in the arts, in learning, in raising a family, or in 81 being together. When we have difficulty 82 desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience 83 emotions such as anger and grief. When little things get in our way, we experience 84 frustrations or tensions. For example, if you are dressing to go out 85 a date, you may feel frustration when a zipper breaks or a button falls off. The more difficulty you have in reaching a goal, the more frustrated you may feel and the angrier you may become. If you really want something to happen, and you feel it 86 happen, but someone or something stops it, you may become quite angry.

67. A) shocked B) astounded 68. A) emotional feelings are C) the emotional feeling is 69. A) list B) recognize 70. A) agree B) agree on 71. A) necessary B) vital 72. A) if B) what 73. A) one B) the one 74. A) search to B) search of 75. A) practice B) rule 76. A) desired B) desirous 77. A) For B) when 78. A) understanding B) understood 79. A) however B) if 80. A) same B) common 81. A) just B) purely 82. A) of obtaining B) in obtaining 83. A) bad B) uneasy 84. A) little B) unnecessary 85. A) on B) in 86. A) will B) shall

C) surprised D) bewildered B) are emotional feelings D) is the emotional feeling

C) arrange D) understand C) agree with D) agree to C) essential D) basic C) that D) when

C) very one D) only one C) search D) search for C) law D) sense

C) prospective D) fascinated C) since D) being

C) to understand D) understandable C) while D) even though C) right D) even C) right D) even

C) with obtaining D) for obtaining C) unpleasant D) negative C) less D) minor C) for D) to C) should D) would 18

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