2011年职称英语教材阅读理解新增文章英文+中文+可替换题目

职称英语

2011年职称英语教材阅读理解新增文章英文+中文+可替换题目

2011年阅读理解新增文章_综合类

第八篇 The State of Marriage Today（C级）

Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will many at least four times, and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.

But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they don't feel that the5 need to stay in a failing marriage.

In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems, While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this. many couples now cohabit and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of firs marriages survive. The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.

So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships! 练习：

1. Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today? 美国当代的婚姻存在的问题是__。

A) Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.离婚导致家庭的破碎。

B) Half of the married couples get divorced. 一半的已婚夫妻最终离婚了。

C) American people marry more than four times.美国人一生至少结四次婚。

D) More and more people are getting divorced. 越来越多的人离婚。（正确答案）

2. What does "this is no longer the case" in paragraph two mean? 现在情况已经变了，这句话的意思是______。

A) It is not necessary to get married any more.结婚再也没有什么必要了。

B) Women do not need a husband any longer. 妇女们不再需要伴侣了。

C) Women are not economically dependant any more. 妇女们在经济上已经不再依赖了。（正确答案）

D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.现在很多妻子在外面有很好的工作。

职称英语

3. Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears? 前景似乎不像人们想的那么悲观的原因_。

A) Many people still like to get married. 很多人仍然想结婚。（正确答案）

B) The rate of divorce has actually decreased.离婚率实际上已经降低了。

C) Over 50% of the marriages continue to exist.超过50%的婚姻仍然存在。

D) The statistics of divorce is not quite true.关于离婚的数据不真实。

4. How do people usually feel in their marriage life? 人们对于婚姻生活的感觉是_______ 。

A) They are much healthier.他们更健康。

B) They feel no longer single.他们不再感觉到孤单。

C) They are more satisfied. 他们更满意。（正确答案）

D) They suffer a lot less.他们遭遇的更少。

5. Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage? 以下关于婚姻的论

述下列________没有在文中提到。

A) There will be more relationships outside marriage.在婚姻以外将有更多的亲戚关系。

B) Many people try to get married again after divorce. 很多人离婚之后尽量再一次结婚。（正确答案）

C) Marriage has long been partly an economical need.婚姻一直以来部分是婚姻的需要。

D) It is a fact that most people choose to get married.大多数人选择结婚是一个事实。 词汇

divorce /di'v :s/ n. 离婚

evidence /'evid ns/ n. 证据，迹象 explode /iks'pl ud/ v. 激增，迅速扩extramarital /,ekstr 'mærit l / adj. 婚institution /,insti'tju: n/ n. 制度，习pessimistic /,pesi'mistik/ adj. 悲观的 effectively /i'fektivli/ ad. 实际上 deceptive /di'septiv/ adj. 迷惑的，骗indicate /'indikeit/ v.表明，暗示 contented /k n'tentid/ adj.满足的，满futurist /'fju:t rist/ n. 未来主义者 大 predict /pri’dikt/ v. 预言，预料，预报 外的 gloomy /'ɡlu:mi/ adj. 阴暗的；令人沮丧的 俗 outlook / 'autluk/ n. 展望，前景 cohabit /k u'hæbit/ v. 同居 人的 outdated /,aut'deitid/ adj. 旧式的，过时的 consequence / 'k nsi,kw ns/ n. 结果，后果

意的

counterpart /'kaunt pɑ:t/ n. 对应的人（或物）

注释 statistics /st 'tistiks/ n. 统计，统计资料

National Family Association: 美国国家家庭联合会

可替换题目关键知识点：

1. During the past 50 years the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of

marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse.．现在几乎

职称英语

50%的婚姻以离婚告终，证据显示，情况还将持续恶化。

2. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times,

and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now. 一些未来学家预测，100年后的美国人将平均至少结四次婚，而婚外恋甚至将比现在更为普遍。

3. But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first

question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. 那问题的原因是什么？现状真的如此糟糕吗？第一个问题的答案十分简单：婚姻早已不像它过去那样非有不可了。

4. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they

don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage. 现在，随着高薪女性的增多，情况也已经改变。因此，她们觉得没有必要被一段失败的婚姻捆住手脚。

5. In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems, While

the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. 回答第二个问题，前景似乎不像它看起来那么令人悲观。尽管离婚率升高，但世纪结婚率并没有下降，所以说结婚还是挺流行的。

6. In addition to this. many couples now cohabit and don't bother to marry. 。除此之外，现在

许多恋人同居但并不急着领证。

7. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or

divorce statistics. 这些人事实上已经结婚，但他们却是统计结婚与离婚率的盲区。

8. They suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men

generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. 他们压力较小，因压力产生的诸如心脏问题也相应减少。而且，婚后男性总体上较之配偶更为满意。

9. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our

relationships! 也许，关键在于找出成功婚姻背后的秘诀并把它运用到我们所有人与人的关系中去。

第八篇 当代婚姻（C级）

如今的婚姻出什么严重问题了吗？在过去50年中，美国的离婚率暴涨：现在几乎50%的婚姻以离婚告终，证据显示，情况还将持续恶化。据美国国家联合会的发言人称，如果这种趋势持续下去，将导致家庭的破裂。一些未来学家预测，100年后的美国人将平均至少结四次婚，而婚外恋甚至将比现在更为普遍。

那问题的原因是什么？现状真的如此糟糕吗？第一个问题的答案十分简单：婚姻早已不像它过去那样非有不可了。从好些年前开始，经济需求已经只是婚姻的部分基础。过去，由于女性除了家庭以外没有任何工作，她们常常在经济上依赖丈夫。现在，随着高薪女性的增多，情况也已经改变。因此，她们觉得没有必要被一段失败的婚姻捆住手脚。

回答第二个问题，前景似乎不像它看起来那么令人悲观。尽管离婚率升高，但世纪结婚率并没有下降，所以说结婚还是挺流行的。除此之外，现在许多恋人同居但并不急着领证。

职称英语

这些人事实上已经结婚，但他们却是统计结婚与离婚率的盲区。超过50%的第一次婚姻实际上是成功的。之前数据的欺骗性在于二度与三度婚姻的离婚率要高于首次婚姻。

婚姻真的过时了吗？大多数人仍会结婚，这一事实证明不是这样的。而且事实上婚后夫妻比单身过着更健康的生活：他们压力较小，因压力产生的诸如心脏问题也相应减少。而且，婚后男性总体上较之配偶更为满意。也许，关键在于找出成功婚姻背后的秘诀并把它运用到我们所有人与人的关系中去。

*第三十八篇 Excessive Demands on Young People（B级）

Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called Generation M1 are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.

Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time that they are working, young adults are also surfing on the Internet, or sending out emails to their friends, and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods2 or on another computer. As some new device comes along it too is added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.

Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families

themselves function as young people are too wrapped up3 in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table.

All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young people's

performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their perception of the impact of modem gadgets on their performance of tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favourable response.

The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the work force need to be taught all over again, as they have become deskilled.

While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind4 that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact, too much. Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of5 the way today's youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them.

练习：

1. According to a recent study, what is probably true about the multitasking Generation M? 根据最近的研究，对于“多媒体时代”的年轻人同时进行多种任务下列哪项是正确的？

A) They are highly commended for being so effective and efficient.他们的实用和高效受到高度的赞赏。

B) They waste more time than they should save. contrary to common assumptions. 和正常的完成任务的时间相比，他们实际上浪费的时间比节省的时间还要多。（正

确答案）

职称英语

C) They should prioritize and focus on the most important tasks on hand.他们应该区分事情的重要性，并且把精力集中在即将发生的最重要的事情上。

D) They need to improve their organizational skills so as to complete all their tasks.为了完成他们所有的任务，他们需要提高他们的组织能力。

2. With the advent of new gadgets, what will happen to Generation M's present e-devices? 随着新型产品的出现，对于多媒体时代的电子设备会产生的影响是_________。

A) They make way for the latest and greatest and are retired by the young people.他们为最新的和最好的年轻人让路并且为他们而退休。

B) They are put away temporarily but stay in rotation for their owners to choose from.他们暂时抛弃但是交替的他们会一直坚持他们自己所选择的。

C) They become part of the ever increasing collection of novelties. 它们成为了收集的新奇物品中的一部分。（正确答案）

D) They are either sold or traded so that their owners can update their toys and hobbies.为了更新他们的玩具或嗜好，他们或者卖掉或者交易掉它们。

3. How will multitasking affect Generation M adversely? 同时进行多种任务对“多媒体时代”出现的影响是________。

A) It makes them feel lonely and pitiful.它使得他们感到孤独和痛苦。

B) It makes them aloof and elusive to family and friends. 它使得他们对于家人和朋友都变得冷漠了。（正确答案）

C) It makes them selfish and possessive.它使得他们变得自私而且占有欲更强。

D) It makes them impolite and ungrateful.它使得他们变得不礼貌而且忘恩负义。

4. What is the biggest problem for multitasking undergraduates in universities? 对于大学里的本科生来说，同时兼顾几项工作 带来的最大的问题是__________。

A) They should adjust their academic attitudes seriously.他们应该认真地调整他们的学术态度。

B) They should seek psychological professionals for assistance.他们应该向心理专家寻求帮助。

C) They should take some crash courses to catch up with their classmates.他们应该参加一些速成课程来赶上他们的同学。

D) They should try harder to focus on one task before moving on to the next. 他们应该完成了一个任务之后再去做另外一个。（正确答案）

5. In dealing with today's youth, what approach should parents take? 在对待今天的年轻人时，父母应该采取________________的方法。

A) Be supportive and understanding. 理解和支持。（正确答案）

B) Be realistic and lower their expectations现实和降低他们的期望

C) Be encouraging and let their children stick to their old habits.鼓励他们的孩子并且让他们坚持他们老的习惯。

D) Be patient and hope everything will work out just fine eventually.耐心点并且期望所有的事情最终都会很好的解决。

词汇

职称英语

excessive /ik'sesiv/ adj. 过多的，额外

个任务

hail /heil/ vt.赞扬 multitask /’m lti,ta:sk/ vi.同时进行多claim /kleim/ vt.声称，主张 considerable /k n'sid r bl/ adj.相当大的,相当多的 fritter /frit / vt.消耗，浪费 juggle /'d ɡl/ vt. 耍弄，玩耍 electronic device /,ilek'tr nik/ /di'vais/ n. 电子装置，电子仪器

surf /s :f/ vi. （网上）冲浪，漫游，浏览

affect / 'fekt/ vt. 影响

隔绝的 indicate /'indikeit/ vt. 表明，指出 isolated /'ais ’leitid/ adj.孤立的，与世

可替换题目关键知识点：

1. Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a

recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called Generation M1 are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. 许多人对能同时兼顾几样工作的本领赞誉有加。然而最近研究却发现，八岁到十八岁，被称为“多媒体时代”的年轻人在同时进行多种任务的过程中常常事倍功半、了无成果。

2. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time

again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other. 研究认为，正像依次完成各个任务一样，这些年轻人仍旧浪费了一半时间。

3. At the same time that they are working, young adults are also surfing on the Internet, or

sending out emails to their friends, and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods or on another computer. 在学习的同时，他们还在上网、给朋友发邮件、打电话、听MP3或者另一台电脑上的歌。

4. As some new device comes along it too is added to the list rather than replacing one of the

existing devices. 随着新产品的出现，他们的电子设备的数量还会不断增加,而不是代替已存在的设备。

5. Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families

themselves function as young people are too wrapped up3 in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. 另一项调查还显示：封闭的自身孤立世界里的年轻人，他们与周围人越发疏于交流。

6. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the

family table. 这种“兼顾”甚至影响了正常的家庭生活——年轻人到家后不再向家人问号，吃饭时也不同家人坐在一起。

7. When asked about their perception of the impact of modem gadgets on their performance of

tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favourable response. 。但当被问及现代科技产品对于他们工作表现的影响，绝大多数都认为是都是正面的。

8. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later

development of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example,

职称英语

because of the lack of concentration on task completion. 前者（学校）认为同时使用多种电子设备会影响儿童日后学习能力的发展，比如由缺乏完成任务的集中力而导致的写作水平下降。

9. While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind that more and more is expected of young

people nowadays; in fact, too much. 即使以上都是现实情况，也必须承认今天的年轻人被寄予越来越高的期望，实际上是太高了。

10. Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of the way today's youth are able to cope despite

what the older generation throw at them. 他们能够应对老一辈对他们的任何要求，对此我们更应该赞许而非批评。

第三十八篇 对年轻人的过高期望（B级）

许多人对能同时兼顾几样工作的本领赞誉有加。然而最近研究却发现，八岁到十八岁，被称为“多媒体时代”的年轻人在同时进行多种任务的过程中常常事倍功半、了无成果。研究认为，正像依次完成各个任务一样，这些年轻人仍旧浪费了一半时间。

有些年轻人在学习时还同时使用着很多电子产品。在学习的同时，他们还在上网、给朋友发邮件、打电话、听MP3或者另一台电脑上的歌。随着新产品的出现，他们的电子设备的数量还会不断增加。

另一项调查还显示：封闭的自身孤立世界里的年轻人，他们与周围人越发疏于交流。这种“兼顾”甚至影响了正常的家庭生活——年轻人到家后不再向家人问号，吃饭时也不同家人坐在一起。

人们认为在电子产品中的如鱼得水还严重影响了年轻人的在学业和工作上的表现。但当被问及现代科技产品对于他们工作表现的影响，绝大多数都认为是都是正面的。

然而不论学校公司都对此去没有好感。前者认为同时使用多种电子设备会影响儿童日后学习能力的发展，比如由缺乏完成任务的集中力而导致的写作水平下降。他们认为许多本科生都需要恶补学习技能这一课。与此相似，雇主也认为作为职场新人的年轻一代因为能力欠缺需要重新培训。

即使以上都是现实情况，也必须承认今天的年轻人被寄予越来越高的期望，实际上是太高了。他们能够应对老一辈对他们的任何要求，对此我们更应该赞许而非批评。

+第四十七篇 Spoilt for Choice（A级）

Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect

endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.

职称英语

The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The

advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.

It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available

from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety.

The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work — a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and

changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down. But what is different now is the speed at which migration is happening.

练习：

1. What is the difference between the decision to shop in a certain supermarket and the decision to drop out of college according to the first paragraph? 根据短文第一段，选择在一家超市买东西和选择辍学的区别是___。

A) The former is a right while the latter is not..前者是正确的选择而后者是错误的。

B) The latter has more impact on life. 后者对于生活有重要的影响。（正确答案）

C) The former may happen for many times in life.前者在人的一生中也许会发生很多次。

D) The latter requires a fee.后者需要资金。

2. When people can not easily decide what to buy, what is the least possible choice? 当人们不能轻而易举的作出决定时，最不可能的选择是__________。

A) Give up.放弃。

B) Walk away.离开。

C) Buy an unsuitable item.买一个不合适的款式。

D) Seek advice. 寻求建议。（正确答案）

3. Why do products have short lifespan nowadays? 今天，商品的生命周期很短的原因是______________。

A) They are more often replaced with better ones. 它们经常被更好的东西所替代。（正确答案）

B) They have worse quality.它们的质量更差。

C) They have too many versions.它们有太多的版本。

职称英语

D) Computer technology advances too fast.电脑科技进步得太快。

4. How does migration differ from the past? 现在的移民和过去的不同之处在于____________。

A) People now migrate across the whole earth.今天人们在全世界移民。

B) People now migrate for better life.今天人们为了更好的生活移民。

C) People now have more choice about where to migrate. 今天人们对于移民何处有了更多的选择。（正确答案）

D) People now migrate for better environment.今天人们为了更好的生活环境移民。

5. Which is the best summary of the writer's attitude towards choice in a commercial society? 在一个商业社会中，最能表达作者态度的是________。

A) More choice, more anxiety. 有太多的选择，就有太多的焦虑。（正确答案）

B) Better more choice than no choice.更多的选择比没选择更好。

C) Better no choice than more choice.没有选择比更多的选择更好。

D) All choice is not easy.所有的选择都不简单。

词汇

spoil /sp il/ vt. 使某人扫兴

brainpower /'breinpau / n. 智能

/'k mpleks/ adj.复杂的

postpone /,p ust'p un/ vt.&vi.延迟，延缓

adj. 内行的

coach /k ut / n.教练员，指导

luxury /'l k ri/ n. 难得的享受 ware /wε / n.商品，货物 anxiety /æ 'zai ti/ n. 焦虑，不安 induce /in'dju:s/ vt. 引起，导致 unsuitable / n'sju:t bl/ adj. 不恰当sizeable /'saiz bl/ adj. 相当大的，颇shareholder /' ε ,h ud / n. 股东 nonetheless /n nð 'les/ adv. 然而，version /'v : n/ n.版本 plethora /'pleθ r / n.过多，过剩 migrate /mai'ɡreit/ vi. 迁徙 hospitable /'h spit bl/ 有利的，适宜obese / u'bi:s/ adj.肥胖的 psychiatric /,sa k 'ætr k/ adj.精神病illusion /i'lu: n/ n. 幻觉，想象 impact /'impækt/ n. 影响 consumer /k n'sju:m / n.消费者 paralysis /p 'rælisis/ n. 麻痹 的，不适宜的 unease / n'i:z/ n.焦虑，不安 大的 professional /pr 'fe nl/ n. 专业人士 irksome /' :ks m/ adj. 令人心烦的 option /' p n/ n. 选择 complex repercussions /,ri:p (:)'k n/ n. （常指意料之外的）影响，后果 proportion /pr u'p : n/ n. 部分，比例 manufacturer /,mænju'fækt r / n. 制造商，厂家 不过 availability / ,veil 'biliti/ n.可获得性，可使用性 obsolete /' bs ,li:t/ adj. 过时的，被淘汰的 phenomenon /fi'n min n/ n.现象 swathe /sweið/ n. 大片土地 的 skip /skip/ v. 跳过

的

abnormal /æb'n :ml/ adj. 异常的

metabolic /met 'b lik/ adj.新陈代谢的

职称英语

可替换题目关键知识点：

1. be given to: 倾向于

2. in the main: 大体上，基本上

3. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the

army of professionals, lifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like, waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee. 对于情况更复杂的决策，人们或者回避、拖延，或者求助于各式各样的专业人士——生活方式指导人员、律师、咨询师等等，而他们也正等着你付费来缓解心理重负呢。put A in the hands of B由于B为A做决策。the like 等等，诸如此类的（人或物）。

4. a good many: 也可说a great many,（用来强调所指数量）非常多的。

5. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is

merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares.对那些自认为行使选择权的人来说，这整个体制不过是销售商和广告商为了卖货而制造出的一种幻觉而已。Exercise one’s right行使权利。

6. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even

paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away.购物更便捷，商品更丰富，但这却让很多人感到不知所措，甚至麻痹，最后只好放弃挑选，一走了之。Access to…获得 的渠道。

7. hit the shelves: 上架，上市

8. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing.那种无

它可选，轻松购物的日子一去不复返了。此句为倒装句。

9. nation states and borders:国家和疆域。

第四十七篇 多不胜选（A级）

通常我们认为选择是一种权利。在日常生活中，人们已经习惯了在数不胜数的情境中做出种种选择。但是基本说来，这些选择要么是些需要更多精力的恼人活计，要么就是决定午餐时间喝什么咖啡、去哪家店。然而有时，这种舍此取彼却具有重大甚至是对众生的影响。因此在面对困难的抉择时，人们要么躲躲闪闪，有意拖延，要么把选择的权利交给形形色色的专业人士，像生活方式指导、律师、顾问或其他类似的人；这些人也正等着人们付费求助他们减轻心理负担呢。但无论富国穷国，对于世界上的许多人来说，能够选择并非一项权利，而是一件奢侈品。有些人以为自己在行使选择权，但这一整套体制那不过是企业和广告商为了卖出商品所制造的幻想。

繁多的选择对人们生活的主要影响是引起了焦虑。连买像咖啡壶这样的东西都变得困难起来。生活消费品随处可见、花色繁多、许多人却感到无力，甚至迟钝，不是离开商店放弃选择，就是买了并不需要的东西，既没解决问题，也没觉得心里舒服。最近在英国的调查显示家电中为数可观的一部分都不是必须的。然而这让工厂的股东和广告商大为满意。

商品的琳琅满目不是问题所在，问题是新产品的上市速度。设计和生产的进步意味着商品刚刚上市，新商品就已经蓄势待发。电脑是最经典的例子，刚刚买下就面临过时。以前只有有限的几家厂商，总共销售的也只有一两台。现在不仅公司多了，同一款的电脑都有好几种样式。这样一来选择就成了问题。走进一家商店轻轻松松买到东西的日子一去不复返了；那是没有太多的选择，也就没有了焦虑。

并不只是在消费品中存在选择过多的问题。在世界范围内，人口流动性的增强使人们对于生

职称英语

活、工作地也有了更多选择——这是一个最近才有的现象。过去，国家为探险、寻找食物或更适宜的环境，会举国穿越广袤的土地。当所有国家穿越大陆，历史的面貌便改变了。因此人口流动不是什么新鲜事儿。国家和疆界的建立有效减缓了这一过程，但不同仅在于迁移的速度。

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