新概念第1册语法总结

新概念英语第一册语法总结

新概念英语第一册语法总结 一、时态： 1. 一般现在时

表示一般性，经常性的动作或客观存在事实。

动词be的用法：I用am，you用are，其他记牢单用is复用are。 1 含有be动词的句子 He is a teacher.

The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Is he a teacher?

Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students? ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. ★变否定句在be动词后面加not He is not a teacher.

The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students. 2. 现在进行时

表示现在正在进行的动作。

构成： 主语＋be动词＋动词的现在分词＋其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）

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We are having lunch. He is reading a book.

The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Are we having lunch? Is he reading a book?

Is the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimming across the river? ★变否定句在be动词后面加 not We are not having lunch. He is not reading a book.

The dog is not running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river.

★特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc. 疑问词＋动词＋主语＋现在分词 What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing? 没有进行时的动词（必背）

表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 1. 表示感觉，感官的词 see, hear, like, love, want,

2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时

3. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或事件， 常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,

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含有be动词的句子， 将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was，are的过去式为were I was at the butcher’s. You were a student a year ago.

The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. ★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首 Were you at the butcher’s? Were you a student a year ago?

Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? ★变否定句在be动词后面加not I was not at the butcher’s. You were not a student a year ago.

The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago. ★肯定回答否定回答

Yes, I was. No, I was not. Yes, you were. No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not. ★特殊疑问句： What did you do? （必背）

不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录 I finished my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaurant.

The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago. ★变疑问句在句首加did， 动词变为原型 Did you finish your homework yesterday?

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Did the boy go to a restaurant?

Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago? ★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not，动词变回原形。 I did not finish my homework yesterday. The boy did not go to a restaurant.

The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. Yes, they did. No, they did not. 4. 现在完成时

构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词 用法：

2） 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用 I have just had lunch. （饱了，不用再吃了） He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）

They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）

The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了） 3） 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时： Have you finished your homework? Have you been to Beijing? Have he seen the film?

4） 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year.

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8） 表示一种经历，经验：去过?地方，做过?事情，经历过?事情 I have never had a bath. I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema. I have ever been to Paris.

Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了 I have been to London.（人已经回来） He has gone to London.（人还在那里） 11） 表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself. He has become a teacher. She has broken my heart. 句型变化：

★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not. e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. ★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I have. No, I have not. ★特殊疑问句： What have you done? What has he done?

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：

凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时

注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 错：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.

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He runs fast.

She came here quite early. Certainly I will go with you. 副词变化形式： ·直接在形容词后加-ly,

careful-carefully, slow-slowly,

·以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I, 加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily

·有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化 fast, hard, late

·有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远： neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately 新概念英语第一册语法总结(十三)

13 情态动词的使用：can, must, may, might, need, 1）情态动词can（能够）， must（必须）， may（可以）结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型 He can make the tea. Sally can air the room. We can speak English. ★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首 Can he make the tea? Can Sally air the room? Can we speak English?

★变否定句在情态动词后面加not He cannot make the tea.

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Sally cannot air the room. We cannot speak English. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he can. No, he cannot. Yes, she can. No, she cannot. Yes, we can. No, we cannot. ★特殊疑问句： What can you do? （必背）

注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。 2）Must/have to的区别

must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做 must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态 3）must, may, might表示猜测： · must do 表示对现在事实的猜测 ·must have done表示对过去事实的猜测

·must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测

·may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。 5·can’t/couldn’t 表示不可能 新概念英语第一册语法总结(十四) 14 need 用法：

·表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式： I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don’t. I need to have a rest.

·Need doing=need to be done，表示被动

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The flowers need watering. ·Need在否定时做情态动词使用

You needn’t go so early. =You don’t need to go so early. Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn’t. 新概念英语第一册语法总结(十五) 15 不定代词及不定副词： ·Some any no every

·thing something anything nothing everything ·one someone anyone anything everyone

·where somewhere anywhere anywhere everywhere ·body somebody anybody nobody everybody

1）I looked for my book everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere. 2）If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up. 3）Help! Somebody? Anybody? 4）You are really something.

5）Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class. 6）Where did you go? I went nowhere. 7）Nobody is at home. 8）I have nothing left.

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