白苞猩猩草种子萌发特性研究

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白苞猩猩草种子萌发特性研究

作者：苏银玲 杨子祥

来源：《植物保护》2014年第01期

摘要白苞猩猩草(Euphorbia heterophylla Linn.)对川滇两省干热河谷区的旱坡地果园水果生产和栽培粮食作物（如玉米、甘薯）生产已构成严重威胁。本文探讨了光、温、水等环境因子对白苞猩猩草种子萌发的影响。研究结果表明，白苞猩猩草种子最适萌发温度为25～30 ℃，在高温45 ℃或低温5 ℃时不能萌发；白苞猩猩草种子在土壤相对含水量≥10％时即可萌发，并在20％时萌发率达到最大值71.3％；种子破土能力弱，种子位于土壤表层0 cm时，出苗率高达80.7％，覆盖6 cm以上土层能有效遏制其出苗；12 h光暗交替有利于种子萌发；中性或偏酸性、低盐度（0.02 mol/L NaCl）环境有利于种子萌发。本研究将为白苞猩猩草综合治理提供科学依据和途径。

关键词白苞猩猩草；种子萌发；环境因子

中图分类号:S 451文献标识码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.05291542.2014.01.017Seed

germination characters of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn.Su Yinling，Yang Zixiang（Institute of

Tropical Ecoagricultural Sciences of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou 651300, China）AbstractEuphorbia heterophylla has been causing serious threats to orchard fruit production and crop production, including corn and sweet potatoes in dry and hot valleys of Sichuan and Yunnan. This study investigated the effects of various environmental factors, including light, temperature and soil moisture, on the seed germination of E.heterophylla. Our results revealed that the optimum temperature for seed germination was between 25-30 ℃, and seeds could not germinate when temperature was below 5 ℃ or above 45 ℃; the seeds could germinate when soil relative water content (SRWC) was no less than 10% and the germination rate reached the maximum of 71.3% at SRWC of 20%; the germination rate reached to 80.7% when the soil depth was 0 cm, while a covered soil of 6 cm in thickness or more effectively inhibited seed germinating; a photoperiod of 12 h was shown to be advantageous for seed germination; and the neutral or weakly acidic conditions, and low salinity (0.02 mol/L NaCl) environment also favored seed germination. In conclusion, this study would provide scientific evidence for controlling E.heterophylla spreading.

Key wordsEuphorbia heterophylla；seed germination；environmental factor白苞猩猩草（Euphorbia heterophylla Linn.）又名猩猩草、柳叶大戟，属大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)大戟属的一年生(或多年生)杂草［12］。原产北美洲，现已遍及世界热带、亚热带的多个国家和地区，包括美国南部、墨西哥、巴西、印度、泰国、菲律宾、印尼等［3］。在我国分布于云南西北金沙江河谷和西南潞西，于四川、贵州、广东、广西和台湾等地有逸生［4］。澳大利亚和美国都将其列入有毒杂草进行控制［5］，我国近年来也从巴西进口的大豆中频频截获其种子且含量惊人［6］。Brecke于1995年通过研究表明其种子萌发对温度、土壤pH、发芽水分等条件适应范围广泛［3］。白苞猩猩草在田间生长非常迅速，对农作物具有明显的竞争力和危害性。Winkler L M曾报道其2～3周内便可占领大豆田，在巴西当白苞猩猩草密度为75株/m2时

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